三方W态量子秘密共享协议：X门编码与禁止结果检测
A Three-Party W-State Quantum Secret Sharing Protocol with X-Gate Encoding and Forbidden-Outcome Detection
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中文总结 AI 辅助
本文提出一种基于三量子比特W态的三方量子秘密共享协议，采用X门编码和随机Hadamard操作，通过禁止结果检测抵御内部攻击，并在量子处理器上验证了QBER与处理器的依赖关系。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
我们提出了一种基于三量子比特W态的新型三方量子秘密共享（QSS）协议。该协议利用X门对秘密序列比特进行编码，并采用随机选择的Hadamard操作和测量基来生成信息轮和安全测试轮。我们评估了所提出协议的效率，并针对内部对手实施的截获-重发攻击和纠缠-测量攻击分析了其安全性，推导了相应的检测概率。对纠缠-测量攻击的分析表明，通过辅助系统提取信息会导致测试轮中出现非零概率的禁止结果，从而能够检测到该攻击。所提出的协议使用Qsikit框架以Python实现，并在量子处理器上执行。我们根据不同秘密比特编码配置下信息轮的量子比特错误率（QBER）来评估其性能。实验结果表明，QBER显著依赖于所使用的量子处理器。
英文摘要
We develop a new three-party quantum secret-sharing (QSS) protocol based on a three-qubit W state. This protocol encodes the secret-sequence bits using X gates and employs randomly selected Hadamard operations and measurement bases to generate information and security-test rounds. We evaluate the efficiency of the proposed protocol and analyze its security against an internal adversary performing intercept-and-resend and entangle-and-measure attacks, deriving the corresponding detection probabilities. The analysis of the entangle-and-measure attack shows that extracting information through an ancillary system leads to a nonzero probability of forbidden outcomes in the test rounds, thereby enabling the detection of the attack. The proposed protocol is implemented in Python using the Qsikit framework and executed on quantum processors. Its performance is evaluated in terms of the quantum bit error rate (QBER) for information rounds under different secret-bit encoding configurations. The experimental results demonstrate that the QBER depends noticeably on the quantum processor used.
发表机构
- Department of Applied Mathematics, MIEM, HSE University（高等经济学院莫斯科信息与电信工程学院应用数学系）
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