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arXiv quant-ph/0506163quant-ph
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量子系统的微正则分布

Microcanonical distributions for quantum systems

Dorje C Brody, Daniel W Hook, Lane P Hughston

摘要:

在量子力学中,对于平衡微正则态的标准假设,即系统必须处于能量本征态之一,被削弱以允许态的叠加。因此,微正则公设的弱化形式断言,所有产生相同能量期望值的量子态必须以相等的概率实现。从这个断言的后果进行了调查。特别地,获得了与具有非简并能谱的任何系统相关联的态密度的封闭形式的表达式。结果被应用到各种各样的例子,其中的状态密度的行为,以及能量和温度之间的关系,被确定。数值研究表明,当能级数趋于无穷大时,态密度收敛于一个分布。

英文摘要:

The standard assumption for the equilibrium microcanonical state in quantum mechanics, that the system must be in one of the energy eigenstates, is weakened so as to allow superpositions of states. The weakened form of the microcanonical postulate thus asserts that all quantum states giving rise to the same energy expectation value must be realised with equal probability. The consequences that follow from this assertion are investigated. In particular, a closed-form expression for the density of states associated with any system having a nondegenerate energy spectrum is obtained. The result is applied to a variety of examples, for which the behaviour of the state density, as well as the relation between energy and temperature, are determined. Numerical studies indicate that the density of states converges to a distribution when the number of energy levels approaches infinity.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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