Alexei Grinbaum
Information-theoretic derivations of the formalism of quantum theory have recently attracted much attention. We analyze the axioms underlying a few such derivations and propose a conceptual framework in which, by combining several approaches, one can retrieve more of the conventional quantum formalism.
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Second quantization is an essential topic in senior undergraduate and postgraduate level Quantum Mechanics course. However, it seems that there is a lack of transparent and natural derivation of this formalism from the first-quantization one in most existing textbooks. Without introducing the concept of a simple harmonic oscillator and taking the case of an assembly of identical fermions as an example, we provide a less ad hoc derivation of the second quantization formalism based on the equivalence of the fully antisymmetric many-fermion states and the Fock states.
In this paper and a companion paper, we show how the framework of information geometry, a geometry of discrete probability distributions, can form the basis of a derivation of the quantum formalism. The derivation rests upon a few elementary features of quantum phenomena, such as the statistical nature of measurements, complementarity, and global gauge invariance. It is shown that these features can be traced to experimental observations characteristic of quantum phenomena and to general theoretical principles, and thus can reasonably be taken as a starting point of the derivation. When approp…
Direct derivation of the modified Langevin noise formalism from the canonical quantization of macroscopic electromagnetism
本文通过规范量子化方法，推导出修正 Langevin 噪声形式化中极子算符的精确表达式，并在 Schrödinger 图像中严格推导了该形式化。
The complex exponential weighting of Feynman formalism is seen to happen at the classical level. (Finiteness of) Feynman path integral formula is suspected then to appear as a consistency condition for the existence of certain Dirac measures over functional spaces.
We present in this continuation paper a new axiomatic derivation of the Schrödinger equation from three basic postulates. This new derivation sheds some light on the thermodynamic character of the quantum formalism. We also show the formal connection between this derivation and the one previously done by other means. Some considerations about metaestability are also drawn. We return to an example previously developed to show how the connection between both derivations works.
In this paper and a companion paper, we attempt to systematically investigate the possibility that the concept of information may enable a derivation of the quantum formalism from a set of physically comprehensible postulates. To do so, we formulate an abstract experimental set-up and a set of assumptions based on generalizations of experimental facts that can be reasonably taken to be representative of quantum phenomena, and on theoretical ideas and principles, and show that it is possible to deduce the quantum formalism. In particular, we show that it is possible to derive the abstract quant…
Derivation of the Born Rule and Operational Quantum Formalism in the Accessibility Framework through Boundary Reduction
本文通过边界缩减推导出本征规则和操作量子形式，基于可访问理论框架，结合显式相干性和局部性假设，揭示了量子干涉、非马尔可夫有效动力学和贝尔不等式在Tsirelson界限内的起源。
A microscopic derivation of an open quantum walk on a two node graph is presented. It is shown that for the considered microscopic model of the system-bath interaction the resulting quantum master equation takes the form of a generalized master equation. The explicit form of the "quantum coin" operators is derived. The formalism is demonstrated for the example of a two-level system walking on a two-node graph.
We present a simple derivation of the WKB quantisation condition using the quantum Hamilton-Jacobi formalism and propose an exact quantisation condition within this formalism for integrable models in higher dimensions.
Feynman's formulation of quantum theory is remarkable in its combination of formal simplicity and computational power. However, as a formulation of the abstract structure of quantum theory, it is incomplete as it does not account for most of the fundamental mathematical structure of the standard von Neumann-Dirac formalism such as the unitary evolution of quantum states. In this paper, we show how to reconstruct the entirety of the finite-dimensional quantum formalism starting from Feynman's rules with the aid of a single new physical postulate, the no-disturbance postulate. This postulate sta…
We introduce a general formalism to describe the effects of Markovian noise which is spatially correlated, typically decaying over some finite correlation length. For any system of interest, this formalism describes spatial correlations without the necessity to choose a particular microscopic model for the environment. We present a method of mapping the equations to Lindblad form and discuss functional forms for homogeneous spatial correlation functions. We also discuss two example microscopic models for the environment which exhibit non-trivial spatial-temporal correlation functions.
We present a derivation of Born's rule and unitary transforms in Quantum Mechanics, from a simple set of axioms built upon a physical phenomenology of quantization. Combined to Gleason's theorem, this approach naturally leads to the usual quantum formalism, within a new conceptual framework that is discussed heuristically in details. The structure of Quantum Mechanics, from its probabilistic nature to its mathematical expression, appears as a result of the interplay between the quantized number of "modalities" accessible to a quantum system, and the continuum of "contexts" that are required to…
We present a canonical derivation of an influence superoperator which generates the reduced dynamics of a Fermionic quantum system linearly coupled to a Fermionic environment initially at thermal equilibrium. We use this formalism to derive a generalized-Lindblad master equation (in the Markovian limit) and a generalized version of the hierarchical equations of motion valid in arbitrary parity-symmetry conditions, important for the correct evaluation of system correlation functions and spectra.
We give here a field-theoretical derivation of the Hamiltonian of the non-relativistic quantum electrodynamics in the Coulomb gauge using the Lagrange formalism. It leads to the same result as the usual derivation, where one just replaces the classical vector potential in the minimal coupling of the second quantized electron Hamiltonian by the quantized one and adds the photon energy. This approach illustrates however the proper use of the Euler-Lagrange equations and the canonical formalism that fail if one tries to build up the many-body quantum theory starting from the classical theory of p…
Information-theoretic derivation of energy, speed bounds, and quantum theory
本文通过信息论原理导出量子理论，证明能量可观测量与动力学生成元的一一对应关系，并推导出量子演化速度的Mandelstam-Tamm界限。
The Covariant Relativistic Derivation of De Broglie Relation
本文重构德布罗意关系的启发式推导，并重点运用狭义相对论四动量形式体系给出协变推导，通过比较论证相对论方法在波粒二象性基础上的普适性与自洽性。
Recently there has been much interest in deriving the quantum formalism and the set of quantum correlations from simple axioms. In this paper, we provide a step-by-step derivation of the quantum formalism that tackles both these problems and helps us to understand why this formalism is as it is. We begin with a structureless system that only includes real-valued observables, states and a (not specified) state update, and we gradually identify theory-independent conditions that make the algebraic structure of quantum mechanics be assimilated by it. In the first part of the paper, we derive esse…
Einstein conjectured long ago that much of quantum mechanics might be derived as a statistical formalism describing the dynamics of classical systems. Bell's Theorem experiments have ruled out complete equivalence between quantum field theory (QFT) and classical field theory (CFT), but an equivalence between dynamics is not only possible but provable in simple bosonic systems. Future extensions of these results might possibly be useful in developing provably finite variations of the standard model of physics.
Microcanonical ensemble theory of bosons is derived from quantum mechanics by making use of a hidden gauge structure. The relative phase interaction associated with this gauge structure, described by the Pegg-Barnett formalism, is shown to lead to perfect decoherence in the thermodynamics limit and the principle of equal a priori probability, simultaneously.
Open Quantum Walks (OQWs) are exclusively driven by dissipation and are formulated as completely positive trace preserving (CPTP) maps on underlying graphs. The microscopic derivation of discrete and continuous in time OQWs is presented. It is assumed that connected nodes are weakly interacting via a common bath. The resulting reduced master equation of the quantum walker on the lattice is in the generalised master equation form. The time discretisation of the generalised master equation leads to the OQWs formalism. The explicit form of the transition operators establishes a connection between…
Entropic uncertainty relations express the quantum mechanical uncertainty principle by quantifying uncertainty in terms of entropy. Central questions include the derivation of lower bounds on the total uncertainty for given observables, the characterization of observables that allow strong uncertainty relations, and the construction of such relations for the case of several observables. We demonstrate how the stabilizer formalism can be applied to these questions. We show that the Maassen-Uffink entropic uncertainty relation is tight for the measurement in any pair of stabilizer bases. We comp…
Path Integral Formalism for Quantum Open Systems
该研究基于相干态推导玻色子与费米子量子开放系统的路径积分形式，涵盖虚时间轴及Keldysh、Kadanoff围道，并介绍可由系统关联函数获取环境信息的生成泛函技术。
We extend the input-output formalism of quantum optics to analyze few-photon transport in waveguides with an embedded qubit. We provide explicit analytical derivations for one and two-photon scattering matrix elements based on operator equations in the Heisenberg picture.
Information-Theoretical restrictions on the information transfer are applied to Quantum Measurements. For the measurement of quantum object S by information system O this restrictions are calculated in Algebraic QM formalism as the inference map to the (sub)algebra of O observables.
A possible quantum-mechanical origin of statistical mechanics is discussed, and microcanonical and canonical ensembles of bosons and fermions are derived from the stationary Schrödinger equation in a unified manner. The interaction Hamiltonians are constructed by the use of the discrete phase operators and the gauge-theoretical structure associated with them. It is shown how the interaction Hamiltonians stipulated by the gauge symmetry generate the specific patterns of entanglement that are desired for establishing microcanonical ensembles. A discussion is also made about the interrelation bet…
Quantum theory is usually formulated in terms of abstract mathematical postulates, involving Hilbert spaces, state vectors, and unitary operators. In this work, we show that the full formalism of quantum theory can instead be derived from five simple physical requirements, based on elementary assumptions about preparation, transformations and measurements. This is more similar to the usual formulation of special relativity, where two simple physical requirements -- the principles of relativity and light speed invariance -- are used to derive the mathematical structure of Minkowski space-time. …
We develop a rigorous formalism for the description of the evolution of states of quantum many-particle systems in terms of a one-particle density operator. For initial states which are specified in terms of a one-particle density operator the equivalence of the description of the evolution of quantum many-particle states by the Cauchy problem of the quantum BBGKY hierarchy and by the Cauchy problem of the generalized quantum kinetic equation together with a sequence of explicitly defined functionals of a solution of stated kinetic equation is established in the space of trace class operators.…
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