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arXiv quant-ph/0303182quant-ph
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存在噪声时的量子抛硬币和比特串生成

Quantum coin tossing and bit-string generation in the presence of noise

Jonathan Barrett, Serge Massar

摘要:

我们讨论了量子抛硬币协议的噪声的安全性影响。我们发现,如果可以使用量子纠错,使噪声水平可以任意小,然后合理的安全条件抛硬币可以框,使结果从无噪声的情况下将继续举行。然而,如果错误校正不可用(如当今技术的情况),并且存在显著的噪声,则投掷单个硬币变得有问题。在这种情况下,我们考虑在存在噪声的情况下随机生成n位字符串,而不是单次掷硬币。我们介绍了精确的安全标准的n位字符串生成,并描述了一个明确的协议,可以实现与目前的技术。一般来说,作弊者可以利用噪音来使硬币偏向他们的优势。我们推导出明确的上界的平均偏差可实现的骗子给定的噪声水平。

英文摘要:

We discuss the security implications of noise for quantum coin tossing protocols. We find that if quantum error correction can be used, so that noise levels can be made arbitrarily small, then reasonable security conditions for coin tossing can be framed so that results from the noiseless case will continue to hold. If, however, error correction is not available (as is the case with present day technology), and significant noise is present, then tossing a single coin becomes problematic. In this case, we are led to consider random n-bit string generation in the presence of noise, rather than single-shot coin tossing. We introduce precise security criteria for n-bit string generation and describe an explicit protocol that could be implemented with present day technology. In general, a cheater can exploit noise in order to bias coins to their advantage. We derive explicit upper bounds on the average bias achievable by a cheater for given noise levels.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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