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arXiv quant-ph/0303133quant-ph
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相对论性和非相对论性波动方程中的隧道动力学

Tunneling dynamics in relativistic and nonrelativistic wave equations

F. Delgado, J. G. Muga, A. Ruschhaupt, G. Garcia-Calderon, J. Villavicencio

摘要:

我们得到的相对论波动方程的解决方案,并比较它与薛定谔方程的解决方案的源与尖锐的发病和激发频率低于截止。一个缩放的位置和时间减少到一个单一的情况下,所有的(低于截止)非相对论性的解决方案,但没有这样的简化持有的相对论性方程,使定性不同的“浅”和“深”隧穿制度可以确定相对论。在一个位置上的非相对论性的先导超过了渐近驻波的穿透长度不隧道;然而,它到达的遍历(半经典或Büttiker-Landauer)时间“τ”。相应的相对论先导更加复杂:它由于两个鞍点贡献之间的干涉而振荡,并且可以通过两个时间来表征上下鞍点最大值的到达。此外,在因果前沿之后,还有一个更早的相对论先驱,它确实是隧道。在穿透长度内,隧穿对于相对论方程的前体更稳健。

英文摘要:

We obtain the solution of a relativistic wave equation and compare it with the solution of the Schroedinger equation for a source with a sharp onset and excitation frequencies below cut-off. A scaling of position and time reduces to a single case all the (below cut-off) nonrelativistic solutions, but no such simplification holds for the relativistic equation, so that qualitatively different ``shallow'' and ``deep'' tunneling regimes may be identified relativistically. The nonrelativistic forerunner at a position beyond the penetration length of the asymptotic stationary wave does not tunnel; nevertheless, it arrives at the traversal (semiclassical or Büttiker-Landauer) time "tau". The corresponding relativistic forerunner is more complex: it oscillates due to the interference between two saddle point contributions, and may be characterized by two times for the arrival of the maxima of lower and upper envelops. There is in addition an earlier relativistic forerunner, right after the causal front, which does tunnel. Within the penetration length, tunneling is more robust for the precursors of the relativistic equation.

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