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arXiv quant-ph/0211123quant-ph
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所有Hermitian Hamilton都有宇称

All Hermitian Hamiltonians Have Parity

Carl M. Bender, Peter N. Meisinger, Qinghai Wang

摘要:

证明了:如果一个哈密顿量$H$是厄米算符,则总存在一个具有下列性质的算子P:(i)P是线性厄米算符;(ii)P与H交换;(iii)P^2=1;(iv)H的第n个本征态也是P的本征态,其本征值为(-1)^n.鉴于这些性质,将P称为宇称算子并说H具有宇称对称性是合适的,即使P可能不是指空间反射。因此,如果哈密顿量具有H=p^2+V(x)的形式,其中V(x)是实数(因此H具有时间反演对称性),那么它立即得出H具有PT对称性。这表明PT对称性是厄米性的推广:所有形式为H=p^2+V(x)的厄米哈密顿量都具有PT对称性,但并非所有这种形式的PT对称哈密顿量都是厄米的。

英文摘要:

It is shown that if a Hamiltonian $H$ is Hermitian, then there always exists an operator P having the following properties: (i) P is linear and Hermitian; (ii) P commutes with H; (iii) P^2=1; (iv) the nth eigenstate of H is also an eigenstate of P with eigenvalue (-1)^n. Given these properties, it is appropriate to refer to P as the parity operator and to say that H has parity symmetry, even though P may not refer to spatial reflection. Thus, if the Hamiltonian has the form H=p^2+V(x), where V(x) is real (so that H possesses time-reversal symmetry), then it immediately follows that H has PT symmetry. This shows that PT symmetry is a generalization of Hermiticity: All Hermitian Hamiltonians of the form H=p^2+V(x) have PT symmetry, but not all PT-symmetric Hamiltonians of this form are Hermitian.

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