arXiv physics/98100281998-10-15physics.atom-ph

二能级原子与共振光场的物质波干涉

Matter wave interference using two-level atoms and resonant optical fields

B. Dubetsky, P. R. Berman

备注：: 14 pages, 3 figures
DOI：: 10.1103/PhysRevA.59.2269

摘要：

发展了共振光场与二能级原子相互作用的物质波干涉理论。当包括反冲效应时，原子密度的空间调制可以发生大于或与反反冲频率相当的时间。在这种情况下，原子表现出物质波干涉。两个特定的原子场的几何形状被认为是。在第一种情况下，原子的速度分布均匀，其特征在于受到一个单一的辐射脉冲。脉冲激发原子，然后原子衰变回较低的状态。总原子密度的空间调制被计算为$t$的函数，其中$t$是脉冲之后的时间。与正常的Talbot效应相反，由于自发发射，空间调制密度不是$ t,$的周期函数;然而，在足够长的时间之后，来自自发过程的贡献不再起作用，并且Talbot周期性被恢复。在第二种原子场几何结构中，存在由间隔$T$分开的两个脉冲。在这种情况下，原子速度分布被假定为非均匀加宽。与正常的Talbot-Lau效应相反，由于自发发射，空间调制密度不是$T$的周期函数;然而，对于足够长的时间，自发过程的贡献不再起作用，并且Talbot周期性被恢复。空间调制密度的结构进行了研究，并发现镜像原子密度以下的第一个脉冲。空间调制的原子密度用作自发发射辐射分布的间接探针。

英文摘要：

A theory of matter wave interference is developed in which resonant optical fields interact with two-level atoms. When recoil effects are included, spatial modulation of the atomic density can occur for times that are greater than or comparable with the inverse recoil frequency. In this regime, the atoms exhibit matter-wave interference. Two specific atom field geometries are considered. In the first, atoms characterized by a homogeneous velocity distribution are subjected to a single radiation pulse. The pulse excites the atoms which then decay back to the lower state. The spatial modulation of the total atomic density is calculated as a function of $t$, where $t$ is the time following the pulse. In contrast to the normal Talbot effect, the spatially modulated density is not a periodic function of $ t,$ owing to spontaneous emission; however, after a sufficiently long time, the contribution from spontaneous processes no longer plays a role and the Talbot periodicity is restored. In the second atom-field geometry, there are two pulses separated by an interval $T$. The atomic velocity distribution in this case is assumed to be inhomogeneously broadened. In contrast to the normal Talbot-Lau effect, the spatially modulated density is not a periodic function of $T$, owing to spontaneous emission; however, for sufficiently long time, the contribution from spontaneous processes no longer plays a role and the Talbot periodicity is restored. The structure of the spatially modulated density is studied, and is found to mirror the atomic density following the first pulse. The spatially modulated atomic density serves as an indirect probe of the distribution of spontaneously emitted radiation.

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