Daniel Ruberman
We use a 1-parameter version of gauge theory to investigate the topology of the diffeomorphism group of 4-manifolds. A polynomial invariant, analogous to the Donaldson polynomial, is defined, and is used to show that the diffeomorphism group of certain simply-connected 4-manifolds has infinitely generated π_0.
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Given a closed connected Riemannian manifold M and a connected Riemannian manifold N, we study fiberwise volume decreasing diffeomorphisms on the product M x N. Our main theorem shows that in the presence of certain cohomological condition on M and N such diffeomorphisms must map a fiber diffeomorphically onto another fiber and are therefore fiber volume preserving. As a first corollary, we show that the isometries of M x N split. We also study properly discontinuous actions of a discrete group on M x N. In this case, we generalize the first Bieberbach theorem and prove a special case of an ex…
On localizing groups of exotic diffeomorphisms of 4-manifolds
该研究围绕4-流形外徽微分同胚群的无限生成能否局部化到更小嵌入子流形的问题展开，通过Seiberg-Witten理论等得到多项相关结论，并指出4-流形映射类群也有类似结果。
We extend the adiabatic limit formula for eta-invariants by Bismut-Cheeger and Dai to Seifert fibrations. Our formula contains a new contribution from the singular fibres that takes the form of a generalised Dedekind sum. As an application, we compute the Eells-Kuiper and t-invariants of certain cohomogeneity one manifolds that were studied by Dearricott, Grove, Verdiani, Wilking, and Ziller. In particular, we determine the diffeomorphism type of a new manifold of positive sectional curvature.
Exotic diffeomorphisms of reducible $4$-manifolds with odd $b_+$
利用族Bauer-Furuta不变量，在具有奇数$b_+$的可约$4$流形上构造奇异微分同胚，并发现映射类群非有限生成的单连通$4$流形新例子。
Exotic Dehn twists on 4-manifolds
该研究率先探索4-流形内沿非$S^3$ 3-流形的奇异Dehn扭，借助$\text{RP}^2$上的2参数族Seiberg-Witten理论，构造出多类新的奇异微分同胚例子，还证明了相关微分同胚群基本群同态的非满射性。
Suppose M is a noncompact connected smooth 2-manifold without boundary and let D(M)_0 denote the identity component of the diffeomorphism group of M with the compact-open C^infty-topology. In this paper we investigate the topological type of D(M)_0 and show that D(M)_0 is a topological ell_2-manifold and it has the homotopy type of the circle if M is the plane, the open annulus or the open M"obius band, and it is contractible in all other cases. When M admits a volume form w, we also discuss the topological type of the group of w-preserving diffeomorphisms of M. To obtain these results we stud…
Exotic diffeomorphisms on closed aspherical $4$-manifolds
该研究通过Davis反射技巧构造闭非球面4-流形的微分同胚，得到拓扑同痕于恒等但光滑不同痕于恒等的首批此类流形例子，丰富了微分拓扑相关研究。
Exotic diffeomorphisms of 4-manifolds with b_+ = 2
本文针对b_+=2的4维流形，利用单参数族Seiberg-Witten不变量及连通和族粘合公式，证明了特定n值下2ℂP²#nℂP²̅的Torelli群满射至ℤ^∞、n=10时其映射类群非有限生成。
We give constraints on smooth families of 4-manifolds with boundary using Manolescu's Seiberg-Witten Floer stable homotopy type, provided that the fiberwise restrictions of the families to the boundaries are trivial families of 3-manifolds. As an application, we show that, for a simply-connected oriented compact smooth 4-manifold $X$ with boundary with an assumption on the Frøyshov invariant or the Manolescu invariants $α, β, γ$ of $\partial X$, the inclusion map $\mathrm{Diff}(X,\partial) \hookrightarrow \mathrm{Homeo}(X,\partial)$ between the groups of diffeomorphisms and homeomorphisms whic…
Diffeomorphisms of 4-manifolds with boundary and exotic embeddings
该研究定义带切触边界4-流形不变量的族版本以检测异状微分同胚，还证明补集微分同胚的光滑闭4-流形中存在首个异状3-球面例子，推进4-流形拓扑研究。
In this paper we study the uniform perfectness, boundedness and uniform simplicity of diffeomorphism groups of compact manifolds with boundary and open manifolds and obtain some upper bounds of their diameters with respect to commutator length, those with support in balls and conjugation-generated norm.
We study the space of positive scalar curvature (psc) metrics on a 4-manifold, and give examples of simply connected manifolds for which it is disconnected. These examples imply that concordance of psc metrics does not imply isotopy of such metrics. This is demonstrated using a modification of the 1-parameter Seiberg-Witten invariants which we introduced in earlier work. The invariant shows that the diffeomorphism group of the underlying 4-manifold is disconnected. We also study the moduli space of positive scalar curvature metrics modulo diffeomorphism, and give examples to show that this spa…
On absolutely exotic diffeomorphisms of 4-manifolds
本文证明存在无穷多个可缩紧致光滑4-流形具有无限阶绝对奇异微分同胚，并通过从相对奇异微分同胚构造绝对奇异微分同胚的定理实现，类比Akbulut-Ruberman定理。
We show that, up to topological conjugation, the equivalence class of a Morse-Smale diffeomorphism without heteroclinic curves on 3-manifold is completely defined by an em- bedding of two-dimensional stable and unstable heteroclinic laminations to a characteristic space.
Let $X$ be a smooth simply connected closed 4-manifold with definite intersection form. We show that any automorphism of the intersection form of $X$ is realized by a diffeomorphism of $X \mathbin{\#} S^2 \times S^2$. This extends and completes Wall's foundational result from 1964.
Irreducible 4-manifolds can admit exotic diffeomorphisms
本文证明了多种极小复曲面容许奇异微分同胚，提供了不可约4-流形奇异微分同胚的首批已知实例，并给出了自旋4-流形上边界Dehn扭转非平凡的充分条件。
We give a complete diffeomorphism classification of 1-connected manifolds (of dimension different from 4) whose integral homology is H(M)=Z+Z+Z.
We announce some results towards the classification of partially hyperbolic diffeomorphisms on 3-manifolds, and outline the proofs in the case when the diffeomorphism is dynamically coherent. Detailed proofs are long and technical and will appear later.
Denote by $\DC(M)_0$ the identity component of the group of compactly supported $C^\infty$ diffeomorphisms of a connected $C^\infty$ manifold $M$, and by $\HR$ the group of the homeomorphisms of $\R$. We show that if $M$ is a closed manifold which fibers over $S^m$ ($m\geq 2$), then any homomorphism from $\DC(M)_0$ to $\HR$ is trivial.
Suppose M is a non-compact connected smooth n-manifold. Let D(M) denote the group of diffeomorphisms of M endowed with the compact-open C^\infty-topology and D^c(M) denote the subgroup consisting of diffeomorphisms of M with compact support. Let D(M)_0 and D^c(M)_0 be the connected components of id_M in D(M) and D^c(M) respectively. In this paper we show that the pair (D(M), D^c(M)) admits a topological (\prod^ω\ell_2, \sum^ω\ell_2)-factor. In the case n = 2, this enables us to apply the characterization of (\prod^ω\ell_2, \sum^ω\ell_2)-manifolds and show that the pair (D(M)_0, D^c(M)_0) is a …
We show that various classes of products of manifolds do not support transitive Anosov diffeomorphisms. Exploiting the Ruelle-Sullivan cohomology class, we prove that the product of a negatively curved manifold with a rational homology sphere does not support transitive Anosov diffeomorphisms. We extend this result to products of finitely many negatively curved manifolds of dimensions at least three with a rational homology sphere that has vanishing simplicial volume. As an application of this study, we obtain new examples of manifolds that do not support transitive Anosov diffeomorphisms, inc…
We study conservative partially hyperbolic diffeomorphisms in hyperbolic 3-manifolds. We show that they are always accessible and deduce as a result that every conservative $C^{1+}$ partially hyperbolic in a hyperbolic 3-manifold must be ergodic, giving an afirmative answer to a conjecture of Hertz-Hertz-Ures in the context of hyperbolic 3-manifolds. Some of the intermediary steps are also done for general partially hyperbolic diffeomorphisms homotopic to the identity.
Entropy-Minimizing Diffeomorphisms on a $G_2$-Manifold
本文研究了 $G_2$ 流形上的微分同胚，构造了实现拓扑熵下界的无限多个例子，并探讨了其与代数表面动力学的类比及局限性。
This note deals with arbitrary Morse-Smale diffeomorphisms in dimension 3 and extends ideas from \cite{GrLaPo}, \cite{GrLaPo1}, where gradient-like case was considered. We introduce a kind of Morse-Lyapunov function, called dynamically ordered, which fits well dynamics of diffeomorphism. The paper is devoted to finding conditions to the existence of such an energy function, that is, a function whose set of critical points coincides with the non-wandering set of the considered diffeomorphism. We show that the necessary and sufficient conditions to the existence of a dynamically ordered energy f…
The paper is devoted to finding conditions to the existence of a self-indexing energy function for Morse-Smale diffeomorphisms on a 3-manifold. These conditions involve how the stable and unstable manifolds of saddle points are embedded in the ambient manifold. We also show that the existence of a self-indexing energy function is equivalent to the existence of a Heegaard splitting of a special type with respect to the considered diffeomorphism.
Diffeomorphism groups of prime 3-manifolds
本文证明了基于Thurston几何$\text{Nil}$的紧致可定向非Haken三维流形的微分同胚群可形变收缩至等距群，从而完成了任意紧致可定向素三维流形微分同胚群同伦类型的确定。
Suppose M is a non-compact connected n-manifold without boundary, DD(M) is the group of C^\infty-diffeomorphisms of M endowed with the Whitney C^\infty-topology and DD_0(M) is the identity connected component of DD(M), which is an open subgroup in the group DD_c(M) \subset DD(M) of compactly supported diffeomorphisms of M. It is shown that DD_0(M) is homeomorphic to N \times IR^\infty for an l_2-manifold N whose topological type is uniquely determined by the homotopy type of DD_0(M). For instance, DD_0(M) is homeomorphic to l_2 \times IR^\infty if n = 1, 2 or n = 3 and M is orientable and irre…
Exotic diffeomorphisms on $4$-manifolds with $b_2^+ = 2$
针对$b_2^+=2$的4-流形怪异微分同胚研究因参数化规范理论不变量定义不完善而受限的问题，本文通过比较参数族环绕数的方法，证明$2\bC\bP^2\n#10(-\bC\bP^2)$存在怪异微分同胚，是目前已知最小的相关闭4-流形例子。
Diffeomorphisms of 4-manifolds from graspers
该研究将一阶嵌入圆周抓取子族与多种已知4-流形微分同胚构造关联，借助参数化手术映射建立相关带标架嵌入环路与4-流形映射类群的联系。
We show that the group ${\Cal D}(M)$ of pseudoisotopy classes of diffeomorphisms of a manifold of dimension $\geq 5$ and of finite fundamental group is commensurable to an arithmetic group. As a result $π_0(\text{\it Diff\,M})$ is a group of finite type.
A long-standing conjecture asserts that any Anosov diffeomorphism of a closed manifold is finitely covered by a diffeomorphism which is topologically conjugate to a hyperbolic automorphism of a nilpotent manifold. In this paper, we show that any closed 4-manifold that carries a Thurston geometry and is not finitely covered by a product of two aspherical surfaces does not support (transitive) Anosov diffeomorphisms.
We show that symplectically embedded $(-1)$-tori give rise to certain elements in the symplectic mapping class group of $4$-manifolds. An example is given where such elements are proved to be of infinite order.
A classification of partially hyperbolic diffeomorphisms on 3-dimensional manifolds with (virtually) solvable fundamental group is obtained. If such a diffeomorphism does not admit a periodic attracting or repelling two-dimensional torus, it is dynamically coherent and leaf conjugate to a known algebraic example. This classification includes manifolds which support Anosov flows, and it confirms conjectures by Rodriguez Hertz--Rodriguez Hertz--Ures and Pujals in the specific case of solvable fundamental group.
We study aspherical manifolds that do not support Anosov diffeomorphisms. Weakening conditions of Gogolev and Lafont, we show that the product of an infranilmanifold with finitely many aspherical manifolds whose fundamental groups have trivial center and finite outer automorphism group does not support Anosov diffeomorphisms. In the course of our study, we obtain a result of independent group theoretic and topological interest on the stability of the Hopf property, namely, that the product of finitely many Hopfian groups with trivial center is Hopfian.
A diffeomorphism $f$ of a compact manifold $X$ is pseudo-isotopic to the identity if there is a diffeomorphism $F$ of $X\times I$ which restricts to $f$ on $X\times 1$, and which restricts to the identity on $X\times 0$ and $\partial X\times I$. We construct examples of diffeomorphisms of 4-manifolds which are pseudo-isotopic but not isotopic to the identity. To do so, we further understanding of which elements of the "second pseudo-isotopy obstruction", defined by Hatcher and Wagoner, can be realised by pseudo-isotopies of 4-manifolds. We also prove that all elements of the first and second p…
From diffeomorphisms to exotic phenomena in small 4-manifolds
本文利用族Seiberg-Witten理论对4-流形微分同胚的约束，统一研究小型4-流形中的多种奇异现象，并给出检测非光滑同痕同胚的新方法和纽结相对亏格下界。
A note on homotopy and pseudoisotopy of diffeomorphisms of $4$-manifolds
本文为数学领域注记，给出闭光滑4-流形上同伦于恒等映射却非伪迷向的微分同胚实例，同时阐明可定向且基本群为自由群的4-流形不存在这类例子的原因。
Elementary equivalence and diffeomorphism groups of smooth manifolds
该研究证明了光滑流形的微分同胚群在初等等价下必然同胚，且在二维及以上维度中，保持光滑体积形式的微分同胚群也具有类似性质。
By a classical result of Jordan, each finite subgroup G of a complex linear group GL_n(C) has an abelian subgroup whose index in G is bounded by a constant depending only on n. We consider the problem if this remains true for finite subgroups G of the diffeomorphism group of a smooth manifold, and show that it is true for all compact 3-manifolds as well as for Euclidean spaces of dimension n < 7. The question remains open at present e.g. for odd-dimensional spheres of dimension greater or equal to five, and for Euclidean spaces of dimension greater or equal to seven.
Let $n \geq 2$. We prove a homological stability theorem for the diffeomorphism groups of $(4n+1)$-dimensional manifolds, with respect to forming the connected sum with $(2n-1)$-connected, $(4n+1)$-dimensional manifolds that are stably parallelizable. Our techniques involve the study of the action of the diffeomorphism group of a manifold $M$, on the linking form associated to the homology groups of $M$. In particular, we construct a geometric model for the linking form using the intersections of embedded and immersed $\mathbb{Z}/k$-manifolds. In addition to our main homological stability theo…
We introduce the secondary Stiefel-Whitney class $\tilde w_2$ of homotopically trivial diffeomorphisms and show that a homotopically trivial symplectomorphism of a ruled 4-manifold is isotopic to identity if and only if the class $\tilde w_2$ vanishes. Using this, we give a detailed description of the combinatorial structure of the diffeotopy group of ruled symplectic 4-manifolds $X$, either minimal or blown-up, and its action on the homology and homotopy groups $H_2(X,\zz)$, $π_1(X)$, and $π_2(X)$.
We complete the proof of the Generalized Smale Conjecture, apart from the case of $RP^3$, and give a new proof of Gabai's theorem for hyperbolic 3-manifolds. We use an approach based on Ricci flow through singularities, which applies uniformly to spherical space forms other than $S^3$ and $RP^3$ and hyperbolic manifolds, to prove that the moduli space of metrics of constant sectional curvature is contractible. As a corollary, for such a 3-manifold $X$, the inclusion $\text{Isom} (X,g)\to \text{Diff}(X)$ is a homotopy equivalence for any Riemannian metric $g$ of constant sectional curvature.
The elliptic 3-manifolds are the closed 3-manifolds that admit a Riemannian metric of constant positive curvature, that is, those that have finite fundamental group. The (Generalized) Smale Conjecture asserts that for any elliptic 3-manifold M, the inclusion from the isometry group of M to the diffeomorphism group of M is a homotopy equivalence. The original Smale Conjecture, for the 3-sphere, was proven by J. Cerf and A. Hatcher, and N. Ivanov proved the generalized conjecture for many of the elliptic 3-manifolds that contain a geometrically incompressible Klein bottle. Our main results are 1…
It is a celebrated result of Mather that the group of $C^k$--diffeomorphisms of an $n$--manifold is simple, provided that a mild isotopy condition is satisfied, with the possible exception of $k=n+1$. The purpose of this article is mostly expository, and in it we give a detailed account of Mather's proof in the case when $n=1$.
The main theorem shows that if M is an irreducible compact connected orientable 3-manifold with non-empty boundary, then the classifying space BDiff(M rel dM) of the space of diffeomorphisms of M which restrict to the identity map on boundary(M) has the homotopy type of a finite aspherical CW-complex. This answers, for this class of manifolds, a question posed by M Kontsevich. The main theorem follows from a more precise result, which asserts that for these manifolds the mapping class group H(M rel dM) is built up as a sequence of extensions of free abelian groups and subgroups of finite index…
We determine all the normal subgroups of the group of C^r diffeomorphisms of R^n, r = 1,2,...,infinity, except when r=n+1 or n=4, and also of the group of homeomorphisms of R^n (r=0). We also study the group A_0 of diffeomorphisms of an open manifold M that are isotopic to the identity. If M is the interior of a compact manifold with nonempty boundary, then the quotient of A_0 by the normal subgroup of diffeomorphisms that coincide with the identity near to a given end e of M is simple.
In this article, we construct countably many mutually non-isotopic diffeomorphisms of some closed non simply-connected 4-manifolds that are homotopic to but not isotopic to the identity, by surgery along $Θ$-graphs. As corollaries of this, we obtain some new results on codimension 1 embeddings and pseudo-isotopies of 4-manifolds. In the proof of the non-triviality of the diffeomorphisms, we utilize a twisted analogue of Kontsevich's characteristic class for smooth bundles, which is obtained by extending a higher dimensional analogue of Marché--Lescop's "equivariant triple intersection" in conf…
In this paper we investigate the relationship between isotopy classes of knots and links in S^3 and the diffeomorphism types of homeomorphic smooth 4-manifolds. As a corollary of this initial investigation, we begin to uncover the surprisingly rich structure of diffeomorphism types of manifolds homeomorphic to the K3 surface.
Distinguishing diffeomorphism types of relative trisections
通过“封顶”操作将相对三剖分图转化为闭四流形的三剖分图，从而区分相对三剖分的微分同胚类型，并给出同一边界四流形的非微分同胚相对三剖分实例。
In this paper, the symplectic genus for any 2-dimensional class in a 4-manifold admitting a symplectic structure is introduced, and its relation with the minimal genus is studied. It is used to describe which classes in rational and irrational ruled manifolds are realized by connected symplectic surfaces. In particular, we completely determine which classes with square at least -1 in such manifolds can be represented by embedded spheres. Moreover, based on a new characterization of the action of the diffeomorphism group on the intersection forms of a rational manifold, we are able to determine…
Stable diffeomorphism classification of some unorientable 4-manifolds
本文利用Kreck的改进手术理论研究了不可定向4-流形的分类问题，在基本群阶为模4余2的有限群等情形下，计算了其稳定微分同胚类与稳定同胚类。
A localisation of the category of n-manifolds is introduced by formally inverting the connected sum construction with a chosen n-manifold Y. On the level of automorphism groups, this leads to the stable diffeomorphism groups of n-manifolds. In dimensions 0 and 2, this is connected to the stable homotopy groups of spheres and the stable mapping class groups of Riemann surfaces. In dimension 4 there are many essentially different candidates for the n-manifold Y to choose from. It is shown that the Bauer--Furuta invariants provide invariants in the case Y = CP^2, which is related to the birationa…
For r at least 3, p at least 2, we classify all actions of the groups Diff^r_c(R) and Diff^r_+(S1) by C^p -diffeomorphisms on the line and on the circle. This is the same as describing all nontrivial group homomorphisms between groups of compactly supported diffeomorphisms on 1- manifolds. We show that all such actions have an elementary form, which we call topologically diagonal. As an application, we answer a question of Ghys in the 1-manifold case: if M is any closed manifold, and Diff(M)_0 injects into the diffeomorphism group of a 1-manifold, must M be 1 dimensional? We show that the answ…
The compact-open topology on the diffeomorphism or homeomorphism group of a smooth manifold without boundary is minimal in almost all dimensions
该研究证明维数非3的连通光滑流形微分同胚群上紧开拓扑是极小的，进而推得维数非3、4的流形同胚群上该拓扑极小，闭流形等满足自动连续性的情形下它还是唯一可分Hausdorff群拓扑。
This paper initiated an investigation on the following question: Suppose a smooth 4-manifold does not admit any smooth circle actions. Does there exist a constant $C>0$ such that the manifold support no smooth $\Z_p$-actions of prime order for $p>C$? We gave affirmative results to this question for the case of holomorphic and symplectic actions, with an interesting finding that the constant $C$ in the holomorphic case is topological in nature while in the symplectic case it involves also the smooth structure of the manifold.
Using alternating Heegaard diagrams, we construct some 3-manifolds which admit diffeomorphisms such that the non-wandering sets of the diffeomorphisms are composed of Smale-Williams solenoid attractors and repellers, an interesting example is the truncated-cube space. In addition, we prove that if the nonwandering set of the diffeomorphism consists of genus two Smale-Williams solenoids, then the Heegaard genus of the closed manifold is at most two.
Plante-Thurston proved that every nilpotent subgroup of $\Diff^2(S^1)$ is abelian. One of our main results is a sharp converse: $\Diff^1(S^1)$ contains every finitely-generated, torsion-free nilpotent group.
Two smooth manifolds M and N are called R-diffeomorphic if their product with the real line are diffeomorphic. We consider the following simplification problem: does R-diffeomorphism imply diffeomorphism or homeomorphism? For compact manifolds, analysis of this problem relies on some of the main achievements of the theory of manifolds, in particular the h- and s-cobordism theorems in high dimensions and the spectacular more recent classification results in dimensions 3 and 4. This paper presents what is currently known about the subject as well as some new results about classifications of R-di…
We investigate two specific contractible manifolds (one Stein, and the other non-Stein) whose boundaries have non-trivial mapping class groups. In both cases we show that every diffeomorphism of their boundary extends to a diffeomorphism of the full manifold. In particular, these manifolds cannot be corks. The methods are a mix of 3 and 4-manifold techniques.
We construct Anosov diffeomorphisms on manifolds that are homeomorphic to infranilmanifolds yet have exotic smooth structures. These manifolds are obtained from standard infranilmanifolds by connected summing with certain exotic spheres. Our construction produces Anosov diffeomorphisms of high codimension on infranilmanifolds with irreducible exotic smooth structures.
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