Tomek Bartoszynski, Marion Scheepers
We consider ``meager analogues'' of classical covering properties of Menger, Hurewicz and Rothberger. We show that Borel images of sets having ``our'' covering properties have these classical covering properties.
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We consider the question, which of the major classes defined by topological diagonalizations of open or Borel covers is hereditary. Many of the classes in the open case are not hereditary already in ZFC, and none of them is provably hereditary. This is contrasted with the Borel case, where some of the classes are provably hereditary. Two of the examples are counter-examples of sizes d$ and b, respectively, to the Menger and Hurewicz Conjectures, and one of them answers a question of Steprans on perfectly meager sets.
We will show that there is no ZFC example of a set distinguishing between universally null and perfectly meager sets.
Universally meager sets in the Miller model and similar ones
研究在Miller模型及其他模型中普遍渺小集的大小限制，证明强测度零集的大小至多为ω₁，并探讨相关覆盖性质与空间结构的关系。
A set of reals A is called perfectly meager if A \cap P is meager in P, for every perfect set P. Marczewski asked if the product of perfectly meager sets is perfectly meager. In the paper it is shown that it is consistent that the answer to this question is positive. (It is known that it is also consistent that the answer is negative (Reclaw))
We show that the following are consistent with ZFC: 1. Strongly meager sets form an ideal with the same additivity as the ideal of meager sets. 2. There exists a strong measure zero set of size > d (dominating number).
We construct several models where there are no strongly meager sets of size continuum. In particular, there are no such sets in the Laver's model.
We study the ideal of meager sets and related ideals.
A set X subseteq R is strongly meager if for every measure zero set H, X+H not= R. Let SM denote the collection of strongly meager sets. We show that assuming CH, SM is not an ideal.
We show that the set of the ground-model reals has strong measure zero (is strongly meager) after adding a single Cohen real (random real). As consequence we prove that the set of the ground-model reals has strong measure zero after adding a single Hechler real.
We develop a theory of \emph{sharp measure zero} sets that parallels Borel's \emph{strong measure zero}, and prove a theorem analogous to Galvin-Myscielski-Solovay Theorem, namely that a set of reals has sharp measure zero if and only if it is meager-additive. Some consequences: A subset of $2^ω$ is meager-additive if and only if it is $\mathcal E$-additive; if $f:2^ω\to2^ω$ is continuous and $X$ is meager-additive, then so is $f(X)$.
The paper contains two results pointing to the lack of symmetry between measure and category. Assume CH. There exists a strongly meager subset of the Cantor set that can be mapped onto the Cantor set by a uniformly continuous function. (It is well known that uniformly continuous image of a strongly null set is strongly null). A ZFC version of this result is also given.
Combinatorics of translations of meager and closed measure zero sets
研究贫集与闭测度零集平移的组合性质，探讨相关Borel猜想，获得贫理想可加性新刻画，并证明若干基数不变量关系。
We show that the Dual Borel Conjecture implies that ${\mathfrak d}> \aleph_1$ and find some topological characterizations of perfectly meager and universally meager sets.
We present two constructions of gamma-sets which are large in sense of category.
We study a strengthening of the notion of a perfectly meager set. We say that that a subset $A$ of a perfect Polish space $X$ is countably perfectly meager in $X$, if for every sequence of perfect subsets $\{P_n: n \in {\mathbb N}\}$ of $X$, there exists an $F_σ$-set $F$ in $X$ such that $A \subseteq F$ and $F\cap P_n$ is meager in $P_n$ for each $n$. We give various characterizations and examples of countably perfectly meager sets. We prove that not every universally meager set is countably perfectly meager correcting an earlier result of Bartoszyński.
We give, for some Borel sets of a product of two Polish spaces, including the Borel sets with countable sections, a Hurewicz-like characterization of those which cannot become a transfinite difference of open sets by changing the two Polish topologies.
We prove that it is relatively consistent with $\mathrm{ZFC}$ that every strong measure zero subset of the real line is meager-additive while there are uncountable strong measure zero sets (i.e., Borel's conjecture fails). This answers a long-standing question due to Bartoszyński and Judah.
On Sierpiński sets, Hurewicz spaces and Hilgers functions
本文研究 Sierpiński 集与 Hurewicz 空间的乘积性质，证明对任意基数至少为 b 的 Sierpiński 集，均存在使其乘积失去 Hurewicz 性质的 Hurewicz 空间，并解答相关公开问题。
A separable metric space X is an H-null set if any uniformly continuous image of X has Hausdorff dimension zero. upper H-null, directed P-null and P-null sets are defined likewise, with other fractal dimensions in place of Hausdorff dimension. We investigate these sets and show that in 2^ω they coincide, respectively, with strongly null, meager-additive, T' and null-additive sets. Some consequences: A subset of 2^ω is meager-additive if and only if it is E-additive; if f:2^ω->2^ω is continuous and X is meager-additive, then so is f(X), and likewise for null-additive and T'-sets.
We show that a statement concerning the existence of winning strategies of limited memory in an infinite two-person topological game is equivalent to a weak version of the Singular Cardinals Hypothesis.
Let xi be a non-null countable ordinal. We study the Borel subsets of the plane that can be made $\bormxi$ by refining the Polish topology on the real line. These sets are called potentially $\bormxi$. We give a Hurewicz-like test to recognize potentially $\bormxi$ sets.
Cardinal invariants associated with the combinatorics of the uniformity number of the ideal of meager-additive sets
本文综述了与贫瘠可加集理想均匀数相关的基数不变量 $\mathfrak{b}_b^\mathsf{eq}$ 及其对偶 $\mathfrak{d}_b^\mathsf{eq}$，探讨它们与 Cichoń 图中基数的联系，并提出若干公开问题。
We study the relationship between the sigma-ideal generated by closed measure zero sets and the ideals of null and meager sets. We show that the additivity of the ideal of closed measure zero sets is not bigger than covering for category. As a consequence we get that the additivity of the ideal of closed measure zero sets is equal to the additivity of the ideal of meager sets.
We show that even for subsets X of the real line which do not contain perfect sets, the Hurewicz property does not imply the property S1(Gamma,Gamma), asserting that for each countable family of open gamma-covers of X, there is a choice function whose image is a gamma-cover of X. This settles a problem of Just, Miller, Scheepers, and Szeptycki. Our main result also answers a question of Bartoszynski and Tsaban, and implies that for C_p(X), the conjunction of Sakai's strong countable fan tightness and the Reznichenko property does not imply Arhangelskii's property alpha_2.
Our main result is that, given a collection $\mathcal{R}$ of meager relations on a Polish space $X$ such that $|\mathcal{R}|\leqω$, there exists a dense Baire subspace $F$ of $X$ (equivalently, a nowhere meager subset $F$ of $X$) such that $F$ is $R$-free for every $R\in\mathcal{R}$. This generalizes a recent result of Banakh and Zdomskyy. As an application, we show that there exists a non-meager independent family on $ω$, and define the corresponding cardinal invariant. Furthermore, assuming Martin's Axiom for countable posets, our result can be strengthened by substituting "$|\mathcal{R}|\le…
We give characterizations of the Borel sets potentially in some Wadge class, among the Borel sets with countable vertical sections of a product of two Polish spaces. To do this, we use some partial uniformization results.
We survey results about Haar null subsets of (not necessarily locally compact) Polish groups. The aim of this paper is to collect the fundamental properties of the various possible definitions of Haar null sets, and also to review the techniques that may enable the reader to prove results in this area. We also present several recently introduced ideas, including the notion of Haar meager sets, which are closely analogous to Haar null sets. We prove some results in a more general setting than that of the papers where they were originally proved and prove some results for Haar meager sets which …
We show that if the real line is the disjoint union of kappa meager sets such that every meager set is contained in a countable union of them, then kappa = omega_1. This answers a question addressed by J. Cichon. We also prove two theorems saying roughly that any attempt to produce the isomorphism type of the meager ideal in the Cohen real and the random real extensions must fail. All our results hold for "meager" replaced by "null", as well.
A subset $X$ of a Polish group $G$ is \emph{Haar null} if there exists a Borel probability measure $μ$ and a Borel set $B$ containing $X$ such that $μ(gBh)=0$ for every $g,h \in G$. A set $X$ is \emph{Haar meager} if there exists a compact metric space $K$, a continuous function $f : K \to G$ and a Borel set $B$ containing $X$ such that $f^{-1}(gBh)$ is meager in $K$ for every $g,h \in G$. We calculate (in $ZFC$) the four cardinal invariants ($\rm add$, $\rm cov$, $\rm non$, $\rm cof$) of these two $σ$-ideals for the simplest non-locally compact Polish group, namely in the case $G = \mathbb{Z}…
We show that some set-theoretic assumptions (for example Martin's Axiom) imply that there is no translation invariant Borel hull operation on the family of Lebesgue null sets and on the family of meager sets in (in R^n). We also prove that if the meager ideal admits a monotone Borel hull operation, then there is also a monotone Borel hull operation on the sigma-algebra of sets with the property of Baire.
Directed schemes of ideals and cardinal characteristics, I: the meager additive ideal
本文引入方向理想方案以刻画实数上的特殊理想，提出方向方案$\vec{\mathcal{M}}$用于描述meager加法理想，探讨其组合学及基数特征，并证明cov(NA)<c与cof(MA)<non(SN)的一致性。
Countably perfectly meager and countably perfectly null sets
本文通过引入可数完全贫乏集和可数完全零集以强化普遍贫乏集与普遍零集概念，并在连续统假设弱化条件下证明了二者不等价。
Menger's basis property is a generalization of $σ$-compactness and admits an elegant combinatorial interpretation. We introduce a general combinatorial method to construct non $σ$-compact sets of reals with Menger's property. Special instances of these constructions give known counterexamples to conjectures of Menger and Hurewicz. We obtain the first explicit solution to the Hurewicz 1927 problem, that was previously solved by Chaber and Pol on a dichotomic basis. The constructed sets generate nontrivial subfields of the real line with strong combinatorial properties, and most of our results c…
We provide simplified solutions of Menger's and Hurewicz's problems and conjectures, concerning generalizations of sigma-compactness. The reader who is new to this field will find a self-contained treatment in Sections 1, 2, and 5. Sections 3 and 4 contain new results, based on the mentioned simplified solutions. The main new result is that there is a set of reals X of cardinality equal to the unbounding number b, and which has the following property: "Given point-cofinite covers U_1,U_2,... of X, there are for each n sets u_n,v_n in U_n, such that each member of X is contained in all but fini…
We describe a simple machinery which translates results on algebraic sums of sets of reals into the corresponding results on their cartesian product. Some consequences are: 1. The product of a meager/null-additive set and a strong measure zero/strongly meager set in the Cantor space has strong measure zero/is strongly meager, respectively. 2. Using Scheepers' notation for selection principles: Sfin(Omega,Omega^gp)\cap S1(O,O)=S1(Omega,Omega^gp), and Borel's Conjecture for S1(Omega,Omega) (or just S1(Omega,Omega^gp)) implies Borel's Conjecture. These results extend results of Scheepers and Mill…
A bijection from R to R is called an Erdos-Sierpinski mapping if it maps meager sets onto the first category sets and vice versa. We show that there is no Erdos-Sierpinski mapping preserving addition.
It is proved that no non-meager subspace of the space $[ω]^ω$ equipped with the Ellentuck topology does admit a Kuratowski partition, that is such a subset cannot be covered by a family $\mathfrak{F}$ of disjoint relatively meager sets such that $\bigcup\mathfrak{F}'$ has the Baire property (relatively) for every subfamily $\mathfrak{F}'\subseteq\mathfrak{F}$. It is also shown that the existence of Kuratowski partitions is not a metric problem. Some remarks concerning continuous restrictions of functions with domain in the Ellentuck space are made.
We provide Hurewicz tests for the separation of disjoint analytic sets by rectangles of the form $Γ\timesΓ'$ for $Γ,Γ'\in {\mathbfΣ^0_1 , \mathbfΠ^0_1 , \mathbfΠ^0_2 }$.
On Star operation and some ideals on the Baire space
本文研究了Baire空间上的几个σ-理想，引入并分析了理想G和SMZ⁺，建立了它们与经典理想的结构关系，计算了M₋的基数不变量，并证明了星运算下的对偶关系，最后证明了M₋的树二分定理。
We study the preservation of selective covering properties, including classic ones introduced by Menger, Hurewicz, Rothberger, Gerlits and Nagy, and others, under products with some major families of concentrated sets of reals. Our methods include the projection method introduced by the authors in an earlier work, as well as several new methods. Some special consequences of our main results are (definitions provided in the paper): \be \item Every product of a concentrated space with a Hurewicz $\sone(\Ga,\Op)$ space satisfies $\sone(\Ga,\Op)$. On the other hand, assuming \CH{}, for each Sierpi…
In this paper, we are interested in parallels to the classical notions of special subsets in $\R$ defined in the generalized Cantor and Baire spaces ($2^κ$ and $κ^κ$). We consider generalizations of the well-known classes of special subsets, like Lusin sets, strongly null sets, concentrated sets, perfectly meagre sets, $σ$-sets, $γ$-sets, sets with Menger, Rothberger or Hurewicz property, but also of some less-know classes like $X$-small sets, meagre additive sets, Ramsey null sets, Marczewski, Silver, Miller and Laver-null sets. We notice that many classical theorems regarding these classes c…
Menger and consonant sets in the Sacks model
本文通过迭代Sacks力迫和拓扑博弈，证明Cantor立方体中基数为连续统的全不完美Menger集的存在性独立于ZFC，并分析了Sacks模型中Hurewicz与consonant子集的结构。
A remark on Fremlin-Miller theorem concerning the Menger property and Michael concentrated sets
本文通过 Michael 技巧轻微加强了 [JMSS] 的结果，并在 ZFC 中首次构造出具有 Menger 覆盖性质但不具有 Hurewicz 覆盖性质的实数集，从而解决了 Hurewicz 问题。
Whereas the Gerlits-Nagy gamma-property is strictly weaker than the Galvin-Miller strong gamma-property, the corresponding strong notions for the Menger, Hurewicz, Rothberger, Gerlits-Nagy (*), Arkhangel'skii and Sakai properties are equivalent to the original ones. The main result is that almost each of these properties admits the game theoretic characterization suggested by the stronger notion. We also solve a related problem of Kocinac and Scheepers, and answer a question of Iliadis.
Using a dictionary translating a variety of classical and modern covering properties into combinatorial properties of continuous images, we get a simple way to understand the interrelations between these properties in ZFC and in the realm of the trichotomy axiom for upward closed families of sets of natural numbers. While it is now known that the answer to the Hurewicz 1927 problem is positive, it is shown here that semifilter trichotomy implies a negative answer to a slightly weaker form of this problem.
W. Hurewicz proved that analytic Menger sets of reals are $σ$-compact and that co-analytic completely Baire sets of reals are completely metrizable. It is natural to try to generalize these theorems to projective sets. This has previously been accomplished by $V = L$ for projective counterexamples, and the Axiom of Projective Determinacy for positive results. For the first problem, the first author, S. Todorcevic, and S. Tokgöz have produced a finer analysis with much weaker axioms. We produce a similar analysis for the second problem, showing the two problems are essentially equivalent. We al…
Hindman's celebrated Finite Sums Theorem, and its high-dimensional version due to Milliken and Taylor, are extended from covers of countable sets to covers of arbitrary topological spaces with Menger's classic covering property. The methods include, in addition to Hurewicz's game theoretic characterization of Menger's property, extensions of the classic idempotent theory in the Stone--Czech compactification of semigroups, and of the more recent theory of selection principles. This provides strong versions of the mentioned celebrated theorems, where the monochromatic substructures are large, be…
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