N. Askitas
A formula for the difference of Vassiliev invariants of degree k+1 of two knots all of whose Vassiliev invariants of degree k agree is proven. The proof uses K. Habiro's C-moves and his theorem which relates them to Vassiliev invariants.
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Surgery formulas for Seiberg-Witten invariants and family Seiberg-Witten invariants
本文证明了普通及族Seiberg-Witten不变量的配边公式，用配置空间上同调类切割模空间表达配边后流形的不变量，并借此研究配边如何保持或产生奇异现象。
We give a formula of the colored Alexander invariant in terms of the homological representation of the braid groups which we call truncated Lawrence's representation. This formula generalizes the famous Burau representation formula of the Alexander polynomial.
We prove a cabling formula for the concordance invariant $ν^+$, defined by the author and Hom. This gives rise to a simple and effective 4-ball genus bound for many cable knots.
In this paper we prove the validity of a formula for computing the Alexander invariant which was originally conjectured by Bar-Natan and Dancso in [BND].
We define a new finite type invariant for stably homeomorphic class of curves on compact oriented surfaces without boundaries and extend to a regular homotopy invariant for spherical curves.
We define a notion of finite type invariants for links with a fixed linking matrix. We show that Milnor's triple link homotopy invariant is a finite type invariant, of type 1, in this sense. We also generalize the approach to Milnor's higher order homotopy invariants and show that they are also, in a sense, of finite type. Finally, we compare our approach to another approach for defining finite type invariants within linking classes.
We introduce new formulas that are Vassiliev invariants of flat vertex isotopy classes of spatial 2-bouquet graphs, which are equivalent to 2-string links. Although any Gauss diagram formula of Vassiliev invariants of spatial 2-bouquet graphs in a 3-space has been unknown, this paper gives the first and simple example.
The results become part of an upcoming paper.
This is an overview article on finite type invariants, written for the Encyclopedia of Mathematical Physics
An explicit slice formula for surface invariants via curve invariants
本文通过曲线不变量提出曲面不变量的显式切片公式，利用运动影片观点引入微分测度，描述曲面不变量在奇点转换中的变化，得出四重点事件中曲面不变量的变化公式。
Goussarov, Polyak, and Viro proved that finite type invariants of knots are ``finitely multi-local'', meaning that on a knot diagram, sums of quantities, defined by local information, determine the value of the knot invariant. The result implies the existence of Gauss diagram combinatorial formulas for finite type invariants. This article presents a simplified account of the original approach. The simplifications provide an easy generalization to the cases of pure tangles and pure braids. The associated problem on group algebras is introduced and used to prove the existence of ``multi-local wo…
For rational homology 3-spheres, there exist two universal finite-type invariants: the Le-Murakami-Ohtsuki invariant and the Kontsevich-Kuperberg-Thurston invariant. These invariants take values in the same space of "Jacobi diagrams", but it is not known whether they are equal. In 2004, Lescop proved that the KKT invariant satisfies some "splitting formulas" which relate the variations of KKT under replacement of embedded rational homology handlebodies by others in a "Lagrangian-preserving" way. We show that the LMO invariant satisfies exactly the same relations. The proof is based on the LMO …
We calculate the Chern-Simons invariants of the hyperbolic double twist knot orbifolds using the Schläfli formula for the generalized Chern-Simons function on the family of cone-manifold structures of double twist knots.
Turaev's shadow formula calculates the SU(2)-Reshetikhin-Turaev-Witten invariants using shadows, and its expression is somehow similar to a Euler characteristic. We give a short proof of this formula using skein theory. The formula applies to pairs (M,G) where M is a closed oriented 3-manifold and GcM is a (possibly empty) colored framed trivalent graph (for instance, a framed knot or link).
We find that Koschorke's $β$-invariant and the triple $μ$-invariant of link maps in the critical dimension can be computed as degrees of certain maps of configuration spaces - just like the linking number. Both formulas admit geometric interpretations in terms of Vassiliev's ornaments via new operations akin to the Jin suspension, and both were unexpected for the author, because the only known direct ways to extract $μ$ and $β$ from invariants of maps between configuration spaces involved some homotopy theory (Whitehead products and the stable Hopf invariant, respectively).
In this paper, we give a complete set of finite type string link invariants of degree <5. In addition to Milnor invariants, these include several string link invariants constructed by evaluating knot invariants on certain closure of (cabled) string links. We show that finite type invariants classify string links up to C_k-moves for k<6, which proves, at low degree, a conjecture due to Goussarov and Habiro. We also give a similar characterization of finite type concordance invariants of degree <6.
In this paper, we define finite type invariants for cyclic equivalence classes of nanophrases and construct the universal ones. Also, we identify the universal finite type invariant of degree 1 essentially with the linking matrix. It is known that extended Arnold's basic invariants to signed words are finite type invariants of degree 2, by Fujiwara. We give another proof of this result and show that those invariants do not provide the universal one of degree 2.
We give formulae for the Ozsvath-Szabo invariants of 4-manifolds X obtained by fiber sum of two manifolds M_1, M_2 along surfaces S_1, S_2 having trivial normal bundle and genus g>0. The formulae follow from a general theorem on the Ozsvath-Szabo invariants of the result of gluing two 4-manifolds along a common boundary, which is phrased in terms of relative invariants of the pieces. These relative invariants take values in a version of Heegaard Floer homology with coefficients in modules over certain Novikov rings; the fiber sum formula follows from the theorem that this "perturbed" version o…
This study defines finite-type invariants for curves on surfaces and reveals the construction of these finite-type invariants for stable homeomorphism classes of curves on compact oriented surfaces without boundaries. These invariants are a higher-order generalisation of a part of Arnold's invariants that are first-order invariants for plane immersed curves. The invariants in this theory are developed using the word theory proposed by Turaev.
We describe the algebra of finite order invariants on the set of all $(n,2)$-torus knots.
We prove a surgery formula of the Casson-Seiberg-Witten invariant of integral homology $S^1 \times S^3$ along an embedded torus, which could either be regarded as an extension of the product formula for Seiberg-Witten invariants or a manifestation of the surgery exact triangle in $4$-dimensional Seiberg-Witten theory of homology $S^1 \times S^3$. As an application, we compute this invariant for mapping tori of $3$-manifolds under diffeomorphisms of finite order and fixed-point set being a simple closed curve. This computation generalizes the result of Lin-Ruberman-Saveliev.
In this paper, it is shown that there are no nonconstant Goussarov-Polyak-Viro finite-type invariants that are invariant under the virtualization move. As an immediate corollary, we obtain the theorem which states none of the Birman coefficients of the Jones-Kauffman polynomial are of GPV finite type.
A surgery formula for Seiberg-Witten invariants
本文证明了$b_1=1$的光滑$4$-流形普通Seiberg-Witten不变量的手术公式，并展示了其在寻找奇异光滑结构和嵌入曲面亏格下界中的应用。
Finite type invariants (also known as Vassiliev invariants) of pure braids are considered from a group-theoretic point of view. New results include a construction of a universal invariant with integer coefficients based on the Magnus expansion of a free group and a calculation of numbers of independent invariants of each type for all pure braid groups.
We construct a hyperbolic three-manifold with trivial finite type invariants up to a given degree.
Homotopy classes of nanowords and nanophrases are combinatorial generalizations of virtual knots and links. Goussarov, Polyak and Viro defined finite type invariants for virtual knots and links via semi-virtual crossings. We extend their definition to nanowords and nanophrases. We study finite type invariants of low degrees. In particular, we show that the linking matrix and T invariant defined by Fukunaga are finite type of degree one and degree two respectively. We also give a finite type invariant of degree 4 for open homotopy of Gauss words.
It is known that every oriented integral homology 3-sphere can be obtained from S^3 by a finite sequence of Borromean surgeries. We give an explicit formula for the variation of the Casson invariant under such a surgery move. The formula involves simple classical invariants, namely the framing, linking number and Milnor's triple linking number. A more general statement, for n independent Borromean surgeries, is also provided, which involves an additional cubic expression in some linking numbers of the surgery link.
We define the generalized connected sum for generic closed plane curves, generalizing the strange sum defined by Arnold, and completely describe how the Arnold invariants $J^{\pm}$ and $\mathit{St}$ behave under the generalized connected sums.
Gauss diagram formulas are extensively used to study Vassiliev link invariants. Now we apply this approach to invariants of 3-manifolds, considering manifolds given by surgery on framed links in the 3-sphere. We study the lowest degree case - the celebrated Casson-Walker invariant of rational homology spheres. This paper is dedicated to a detailed treatment of 2-component links; a general case will be considered in a forthcoming paper. We present simple Gauss diagram formulas for the Casson-Walker invariant. This enables us to understand/separate its dependence on the unframed link and on the …
In 1998, R. Gompf defined a homotopy invariant $θ_G$ of oriented 2-plane fields in 3-manifolds. This invariant is defined for oriented 2-plane fields $ξ$ in a closed oriented 3-manifold $M$ when the first Chern class $c_1(ξ)$ is a torsion element of $H^2(M;\mathbb{Z})$. In this article, we define an extension of the Gompf invariant for all compact oriented 3-manifolds with boundary and we study its iterated variations under Lagrangian-preserving surgeries. It follows that the extended Gompf invariant is a degree two invariant with respect to a suitable finite type invariant theory.
Combinatorial formula for the $M$ invariant of magnetic lines
本文研究双尺度平均场理论框架下MHD问题的磁力线不变量，选取三分量链环的最简单渐近不变量$M_3$，基于组合定义检验其渐近性质，并通过计算验证所证公式。
Kricker defined an invariant of knots in homology 3-spheres which is a rational lift of the Kontsevich integral, and proved with Garoufalidis that this invariant satisfies splitting formulas with respect to a surgery move called null-move. We define a functorial extension of the Kricker invariant and prove splitting formulas for this functorial invariant with respect to null Lagrangian-preserving surgery, a generalization of the null-move. We apply these splitting formulas to the Kricker invariant.
A universal finite type invariant of knots in homology 3-spheres
针对同调3-球面中纽结的泛有限型不变量问题，本文指出现有候选不变量在一般情况下不够强大，通过细化其构造提出了一种严格更强的新不变量，并证明其为同调3-球面中纽结的泛有限型不变量。
An explicit polynomial in the linking numbers $l_{ij}$ and Milnor's triple linking numbers $μ(rst)$ on six component links is shown to be a well-defined finite type link-homotopy invariant. This solves a problem raised by B. Mellor and D. Thurston. An extension of our construction also produces a finite type link invariant which detects the invertibility for some links.
Cubic complexes appear in the theory of finite type invariants so often that one can ascribe them to basic notions of the theory. In this paper we begin the exposition of finite type invariants from the `cubic' point of view. Finite type invariants of knots and homology 3-spheres fit perfectly into this conception. In particular, we get a natural explanation why they behave like polynomials.
We extend the theory of Vassiliev (or finite type) invariants for knots to knotoids using two different approaches. Firstly, we take closures on knotoids to obtain knots and we use the Vassiliev invariants for knots, proving that these are knotoid isotopy invariant. Secondly, we define finite type invariants directly on knotoids, by extending knotoid invariants to singular knotoid invariants via the Vassiliev skein relation. Then, for spherical knotoids we show that there are non-trivial type-1 invariants, in contrast with classical knot theory where type-1 invariants vanish. We give a complet…
We give a direct interpretation of Neumann's combinatorial formula for the Chern-Simons invariant of a 3-manifold with a representation in PSL(2,C) whose restriction to the boundary takes values in upper triangular matrices. Our construction does not involve group homology or Bloch group but is based on the construction of an explicit flat connection for each tetrahedron of a simplicial decomposition of the manifold.
A formula for the Arf invariant of a link is given in terms of the singularities of an immersed surface bounded by the link. This is applied to study the computational complexity of quantum invariants of 3--manifolds.
A connect sum formula for the two variable series invariant of a complement of knot is proposed. We provide two kinds of numerical evidence for the proposed formula by examining various torus knots.
We prove optimality of the Arf invariant formula for the generating function of even subgraphs, or, equivalently, the Ising partition function, of a graph.
We give a surgery formula for the torsions and Seiberg-Witten invariants associated with $Spin^c$-structures on 3-manifolds. We use the technique of Reidemeister-type torsions and their refinements.
A general connected sum formula for the families Bauer-Furuta invariant
该论文为族Bauer-Furuta不变量证明了纤维化连通和的一般公式，推广了Bauer的非参数化结果，并为后续推导族Seiberg-Witten不变量的连通和公式奠定基础。
We provide a formula for the SU(3) Casson invariant for 3-manifolds given as the connected sum of two integral homology 3-spheres.
We prove a gluing formula for Seiberg--Witten invariants which describes in particular the behaviour of the invariant under blow-up and rational blow-down.
We prove a "splicing formula" for the LMO invariant, which is the universal finite-type invariant of rational homology $3$-spheres. Specifically, if a rational homology $3$-sphere $M$ is obtained by gluing the exteriors of two framed knots $K_1 \subset M_1$ and $K_2\subset M_2$ in rational homology $3$-spheres, our formula expresses the LMO invariant of $M$ in terms of the Kontsevich-LMO invariants of $(M_1,K_1)$ and $(M_2,K_2)$. The proof uses the techniques that Bar-Natan and Lawrence developed to obtain a rational surgery formula for the LMO invariant. In low degrees, we recover Fujita's fo…
We prove a gluing formula for the families Seiberg-Witten invariants of families of $4$-manifolds obtained by fibrewise connected sum. Our formula expresses the families Seiberg-Witten invariants of such a connected sum family in terms of the ordinary Seiberg-Witten invariants of one of the summands, under certain assumptions on the families. We construct some variants of the families Seiberg-Witten invariants and prove the gluing formula also for these variants. One variant incorporates a twist of the families moduli space using the charge conjugation symmetry of the Seiberg-Witten equations.…
We derive a cut-and-paste surgery formula of Seiberg--Witten invariants for negative definite plumbed rational homology 3-spheres. It is similar to (and motivated by) Okuma's recursion formula [arXiv:math.AG/0610464, 4.5] targeting analytic invariants of splice quotient singularities. The two formulas combined provide automatically a proof of the equivariant version [arXiv:math.AG/0310084, 5.2(b)] of the `Seiberg--Witten invariant conjecture' [arXiv:math.AG/0111298] for these singularities.
We observe that most known results of the form "v is not a finite-type invariant" follow from two basic theorems. Among those invariants which are not of finite type, we discuss examples which are "ft-independent" and examples which are not. We introduce (n,q)-finite invariants, which are generalizations of finite-type invariants based on Fox's (n,q) congruence classes of knots.
We define a two-variable polynomial invariant of finite quandles. In many cases this invariant completely determines the algebraic structure of the quandle up to isomorphism. We use this polynomial to define a family of link invariants which generalize the quandle counting invariant.
This is a survey article on finite type invariants of 3-manifolds written for the Encyclopedia of Mathematical Physics to be published by Elsevier.
We prove that the Witten-Reshetikhin-Turaev (WRT) SO(3) invariant of an arbitrary 3-manifold M is always an algebraic integer. Moreover, we give a rational surgery formula for the unified invariant dominating WRT SO(3) invariants of rational homology 3-spheres at roots of unity of order co-prime with the torsion. As an application, we compute the unified invariant for Seifert fibered spaces and for Dehn surgeries on twist knots. We show that this invariant separates integral homology Seifert fibered spaces and can be used to detect the unknot.
Delta finite-type invariants are defined analogously to finite-type invariants, using delta moves instead of crossing changes. We show that they are closely related to the lower central series of the commutator subgroup of the pure braid group.
We define ambient isotopy invariants of oriented knots and links using the counting invariants of framed links defined by finite racks. These invariants reduce to the usual quandle counting invariant when the rack in question is a quandle. We are able to further enhance these counting invariants with 2-cocycles from the coloring rack's second rack cohomology satisfying a new degeneracy condition which reduces to the usual case for quandles.
We study Coxeter racks over $\mathbb{Z}_n$ and the knot and link invariants they define. We exploit the module structure of these racks to enhance the rack counting invariants and give examples showing that these enhanced invariants are stronger than the unenhanced rack counting invariants.
In this paper we introduce two theories of finite type invariants for framed links with fixed linking matrix. We show that these thepries are related to the theory of Vassiliev invariants of framed links. We also study the corresponding spaces of ``chord diagrams''.
Formulas previously presented for the Casson-Walker invariant are generalized to Lescop's extension. These formulas in terms of linking numbers and surgery coefficients compute the change in Lescop's invariant under crossing changes in a framed link presenting a 3-manifold. This leads us to revisit an old formula for a coefficient of the Conway polynomial. Finally we compute Lescop's invariant of several lens spaces and deduce some values for Dedekind sums.
We calculate the RT-invariants of all oriented Seifert manifolds directly from surgery presentations. We work in the general framework of an arbitrary modular category as in [V. G. Turaev, Quantum invariants of knots and 3--manifolds, de Gruyter Stud. Math. 18, Walter de Gruyter (1994)], and the invariants are expressed in terms of the S- and T-matrices of the modular category. In another direction we derive a rational surgery formula, which states how the RT-invariants behave under rational surgery along framed links in arbitrary closed oriented 3-manifolds with embedded colored ribbon graphs…
Withdrawn by the author in favour of math.GT/0511602
We describe a pair of invariants for actions of finite groups on shifts of finite type, the left-reduced and right-reduced shifts. The left-reduced shift was first constructed by U. Fiebig, who showed that its zeta function is an invariant, and in fact equal to the zeta function of the quotient dynamical system. We also give conditions for expansivity of the quotient, and applications to combinatorial group theory, knot theory and topological quantum field theory.
We prove that there is no functorial universal finite type invariant for braids in $Σ\times I$ if the genus of $Σ$ is positive.
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