Micah W. Chrisman
In this paper, it is shown that there are no nonconstant Goussarov-Polyak-Viro finite-type invariants that are invariant under the virtualization move. As an immediate corollary, we obtain the theorem which states none of the Birman coefficients of the Jones-Kauffman polynomial are of GPV finite type.
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Goussarov, Polyak, and Viro proved that finite type invariants of knots are ``finitely multi-local'', meaning that on a knot diagram, sums of quantities, defined by local information, determine the value of the knot invariant. The result implies the existence of Gauss diagram combinatorial formulas for finite type invariants. This article presents a simplified account of the original approach. The simplifications provide an easy generalization to the cases of pure tangles and pure braids. The associated problem on group algebras is introduced and used to prove the existence of ``multi-local wo…
Combinatorial Goussarov-Polyak-Viro Formulas for the Linking Number and Low Degree Coefficients of the Conway Polynomial
本文利用基本线性代数，以Gauss图向量空间的基显式描述了环绕数和Conway多项式低次系数的GPV映射，提供了一种更基础的计算方法。
In the context of finite type invariants, Stanford introduced a family of equivalence relations on knots defined by the lower central series of the pure braid groups and characterized the finite type invariants in terms of the structure of the braid groups. It is known that this equivalence and Ohyama's equivalence defined by a local move are equivalent. On the other hand, in the virtual knot theory, the concept of Ohyama's equivalence was extended by Goussarov-Polyak-Viro, which called an $n$-equivalence. In this paper we extend Stanford's equivalence to virtual knots and virtual string links…
Goussarov-Polyak-Viro Conjecture for degree three case
本文显式构造长虚拟纽结三次 Vassiliev 不变量的七个 Gauss 图公式及经典纽结的 23 个公式，证明三次情形下的 Goussarov-Polyak-Viro 猜想。
Goussarov-Polyak-Viro type formulas for $(4k-1)$-dimensional knots and links in $\mathbb{R}^{6k}$
本文借鉴经典纽结有限型不变量的高斯图表示思路，推导了高维球面光滑嵌入的不变量组合公式，给出了Haefliger不变量的对应公式，并证明了相关高维辫子空间的同伦收缩核猜想。
We present a new method to produce simple formulas for 1-cocycles of knots over the integers, inspired by Polyak-Viro's formulas for finite-type knot invariants. We conjecture that these formulas always represent finite-type cohomology classes in the sense of Vassiliev. An example of degree 3 is studied, and shown to coincide over Z/2 with the Teiblum-Turchin cocycle v_3^1.
Vassiliev introduced filtered invariants of knots using an unknotting operation, called crossing changes. Goussarov, Polyak, and Viro introduced other filtered invariants of virtual knots, which order is called GPV-order, using an unknotting operation, called virtualization. We defined other filtered invariants, which order is called $F$-order, of virtual knots using an unknotting operation, called forbidden moves. In this paper, we show that the set of virtual knot invariants of $F$-order $\le n+1$ is strictly stronger than that of $F$-order $\le n$ and that of GPV-order $\le 2n+1$. To obtain…
Polyak-Viro type formula for the Milnor triple linking number of link diagrams with multiple-crossings
本文提出一个适用于多重交叉链环图的 Polyak-Viro 型公式，用于计算 Milnor 三重链接数，其证明基于 Brooks-Komendarczyk 思想，但通过显式计算 Y-图构型空间积分，拓展了原公式的适用范围。
We describe the Polyak-Viro arrow diagram formulas for the coefficients of the Conway polynomial. As a consequence, we obtain the Conway polynomial as a state sum over some subsets of the crossings of the knot diagram. It turns out to be a simplification of a special case of Jaeger's state model for the HOMFLY polynomial.
We present an alternative definition for the Goussarov--Habiro filtration of the Z-module freely generated by oriented integral homology 3-spheres, by means of Lagrangian-preserving homology handlebody replacements (LP-surgeries). Garoufalidis, Goussarov and Polyak proved that the graded space (G_n)_n associated to this filtration is generated by Jacobi diagrams. Here, we express elements associated to LP-surgeries as explicit combinations of these Jacobi diagrams in (G_n)_n. The obtained coefficient in front of a Jacobi diagram is computed like its weight system with respect to a Lie algebra …
Homotopy classes of nanowords and nanophrases are combinatorial generalizations of virtual knots and links. Goussarov, Polyak and Viro defined finite type invariants for virtual knots and links via semi-virtual crossings. We extend their definition to nanowords and nanophrases. We study finite type invariants of low degrees. In particular, we show that the linking matrix and T invariant defined by Fukunaga are finite type of degree one and degree two respectively. We also give a finite type invariant of degree 4 for open homotopy of Gauss words.
We enhance the biquandle counting invariant using elements of truncated biquandle-labeled Polyak algebras. These finite type enhancements reduce to the finite type enhancements defined by Goussarov, Polyak and Viro for the trivial biquandle of one element and determine (but are not determined by) the biquandle counting invariant for general biquandles. Unlike the unlabeled case, biquandle labeled finite type invariants of degree 1 are nontrivial and are related to biquandle cocycle invariants.
In this paper, we investigate twist sequences for Kauffman finite-type invariants and Goussarov-Polyak-Viro finite-type invariants. It is shown that one obtains a Kauffman or GPV type of degree $\le n$ if and only if an invariant is a polynomial of degree $\le n$ on every twist lattice of the right form. The main result of this paper is an application of this technique to the coefficients of the Jones-Kauffman polynomial. It is shown that the Kauffman finite-type invariants obtained from these coefficients are not GPV finite-type invariants of any degree by explicitly showing they can never be…
The present paper produces examples of Gauss diagram formulae for virtual knot invariants which have no analogue in the classical knot case. These combinatorial formulae contain additional information about how a subdiagram is embedded in a virtual knot diagram. The additional information comes from the second author's recently discovered notion of parity. For a parity of flat virtual knots, the new combinatorial formulae are Kauffman finite-type invariants. However, many of the combinatorial formulae possess exotic properties. It is shown that there exists an integer valued virtualization inv…
In this paper, we introduce a new nontrivial filtration, called F-order, for classical and virtual knot invariants; this filtration produces filtered knot invariants, which are called finite type invariants similar to Vassiliev knot invariants. Finite type invariants introduced by Goussarov, Polyak, and Viro are well-known, and we call them finite type invariants of GPV-order. We show that for any positive integer $n$ and for any classical knot $K$, there exist infinitely many of nontrivial classical knots, all of whose finite type invariants of GPV-order $< n$, coincide with those of $K$ (The…
The $V_1$- and $V_2$-polynomials of a long virtual knot
本文提出长虚拟结的两个多项式不变量 $V_1$ 和 $V_2$，并展示了其在虚拟化下的性质及应用，通过导数定义三度有限型不变量。
We refine the Polyak-Viro Gauss diagram formula for the Vassiliev invariant of order two in a very simple way for the 2-cable of a framed long knot. Surprisingly, the resulting isotopy invariant of framed knots can detect already the non-invertibility of knots. This makes the natural generalization of our invariant for all n-component string link satellites of a framed long knot to a candidate for distinguishing all classical knots.
Gauss diagram formulae for Vassiliev invariants from Kauffman polynomial
本文构建 Dubrovnik 版 Kauffman 多项式的状态模型，并据 Chmutov-Polyak 方法推导 Vassiliev 不变量的 Gauss 图公式，利用箭头图恒等式重现三阶经典公式。
Using the Fiedler-Polyak-Viro Gauss diagram formulas we study the Vassiliev invariants of degree 2 and 3 on almost positive knots. As a consequence we show that the number of almost positive knots of given genus or unknotting number grows polynomially in the crossing number, and also recover and extend, inter alia to their untwisted Whitehead doubles, previous results on the polynomials and signatures of such knots. In particular, we prove that there are no achiral almost positive knots and classify all almost positive diagrams of the unknot. We give an application to contact geometry (Legendr…
We consider an analogue of well-known Casson knot invariant for knotoids. We start with a direct analogue of the classical construction which gives two different integer-valued knotoid invariants and then focus on its homology extension. Value of the extension is a formal sum of subgroups of the first homology group $H_1(Σ)$ where $Σ$ is an oriented surface with (maybe) non-empty boundary in which knotoid diagrams lie. To make the extension informative for spherical knotoids it is sufficient to transform an initial knotoid diagram in $S^2$ into a knotoid diagram in the annulus by removing smal…
From integrals to combinatorial formulas of finite type invariants -- a case study
本文将 Casson 纽结不变量的位形空间积分局部化，无需对合技巧即可证明面项消失，并由此推出正则图及花瓣图等多重交叉图的箭头图公式，给出 übercrossing 数新下界。
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