Using Ohkawa's theorem that the collection of Bousfield classes is a set, we perform a number of constructions with Bousfield classes. In particular, we describe a greatest lower bound operator; we also note that a certain subset DL of the Bousfield lattice is a frame, and we examine some consequences of this observation. We make several conjectures about the structure of the Bousfield lattice and DL. In particular, we conjecture that DL is obtained by killing "strange" spectra, such as the Brown-Comenetz dual of the sphere. We introduce a new "Boolean algebra of spectra" cBA, which contains Bousfield's BA and is complete. Our conjectures allow us to identify cBA as being isomorphic to the complete atomic Boolean algebra on {K(n) : n>= 0}, {A(n) : n>= 2}, and HF_p. Our conjectures imply that BA is the subBoolean algebra consisting of finite wedges of the K(n) and A(n), and their complements.
The set of Bousfield classes has some important subsets such as the distributive lattice $\mathbf{DL}$ of all classes $\langle E\rangle$ which are smash idempotent and the complete Boolean algebra $\mathbf{cBA}$ of closed classes. We provide examples of spectra that are in $\mathbf{DL}$, but not in $\mathbf{cBA}$; in particular, for every prime $p$, the Bousfield class of the Eilenberg-MacLane spectrum $\langle H\mathbb{F}_p\rangle\in\mathbf{DL}{\setminus}\mathbf{cBA}$.
The global structure of the unbounded derived category of a truncated polynomial ring on countably many generators is investigated, via its Bousfield lattice. The Bousfield lattice is shown to have cardinality larger than that of the real numbers, and objects with large tensor-nilpotence height are constructed.
In the context of a well generated tensor triangulated category, Section 3 investigates the relationship between the Bousfield lattice of a quotient and quotients of the Bousfield lattice. In Section 4 we develop a general framework to study the Bousfield lattice of the derived category of a commutative or graded-commutative ring, using derived functors induced by extension of scalars. Section 5 applies this work to extend results of Dwyer and Palmieri [DP08] to new non-Noetherian rings.
We investigate several versions of the telescope conjecture on localized categories of spectra, and implications between them. Generalizing the "finite localization" construction, we show that on such categories, localizing away from a set of strongly dualizable objects is smashing. We classify all smashing localizations on the harmonic category, HFp-local category and I-local category, where I is the Brown-Comenetz dual of the sphere spectrum; all are localizations away from strongly dualizable objects, although these categories have no nonzero compact objects. The Bousfield lattices of the h…
We compute the Bousfield localizations and Bousfield colocalizations of discrete model categories, including the homotopy categories and the algebraic $K$-groups of these localizations and colocalizations. We prove necessary and sufficient conditions for a subcategory of a category to appear as the subcategory of fibrant objects for some such model structure. We also prove necessary and sufficient conditions for a monad to be the fibrant replacement monad of some such model structure.
We study left and right Bousfield localisations of stable model categories which preserve stability. This follows the lead of the two key examples: localisations of spectra with respect to a homology theory and A-torsion modules over a ring R with A a perfect R-algebra. We exploit stability to see that the resulting model structures are technically far better behaved than the general case. We can give explicit sets of generating cofibrations, show that these localisations preserve properness and give a complete characterisation of when they preserve monoidal structures. We apply these results …
We give an account of Bousfield localisation and colocalisation for one-dimensional model categories---ones enriched over the model category of $0$-types. A distinguishing feature of our treatment is that it builds localisations and colocalisations using only the constructions of projective and injective transfer of model structures along right and left adjoint functors, and without any reference to Smith's theorem.
This paper is a study of Bousfield-Segal spaces, a notion introduced by Julie Bergner drawing on ideas about Eilenberg-Mac Lane objects due to Bousfield. In analogy to Rezk's Segal spaces, they are defined in such a way that Bousfield-Segal spaces naturally come equipped with a homotopy-coherent fraction operation in place of a composition. In this paper we show that Bergner's model structure for Bousfield-Segal spaces in fact can be obtained from the model structure for Segal spaces both as a localization and a colocalization. We thereby prove that Bousfield-Segal spaces really are Segal spac…
Given a left Quillen presheaf of localized model structures, we study the homotopy limit model structure on the associated category of sections. We focus specifically on towers and fibered products (pullbacks) of model categories. As applications we consider Postnikov towers of model categories, chromatic towers of spectra and Bousfield arithmetic squares of spectra. For stable model categories, we show that the homotopy fiber of a stable left Bousfield localization is a stable right Bousfield localization.
Consider a Quillen adjunction of two variables between combinatorial model categories from $\mathcal{C}\times\mathcal{D}$ to $\mathcal{E}$, and a set $\mathcal{S}$ of morphisms in $\mathcal{C}$. We prove that there is a localised model structure $L_{\mathcal{S}}\mathcal{E}$ on $\mathcal{E}$, where the local objects are the $\mathcal{S}$-local objects in $\mathcal{E}$ described via the right adjoint. These localised model structures generalise Bousfield localisations of simplicial model categories, Barnes and Roitzheim's familiar model structures, and Barwick's enriched Bousfield localisations.…
We give conditions on a monoidal model category M and on a set of maps C so that the Bousfield localization of M with respect to C preserves the structure of algebras over various operads. This problem was motivated by an example that demonstrates that, for the model category of equivariant spectra, preservation does not come for free, even for cofibrant operads. We discuss this example in detail and provide a general theorem regarding when localization preserves P-algebra structure for an arbitrary operad P. We characterize the localizations that respect monoidal structure and prove that all …
It is well known that under some general conditions right Bousfield localization exists. We provide general conditions under which right Bousfield localization yields a monoidal model category. Then we address the questions of when this monoidal model structure on a right Bousfield localization induces a model structure on the category of algebras over a colored operad and when a right Bousfield localization preserves colored operadic algebras. We give numerous applications, to topological spaces, equivariant spaces, chain complexes, stable module categories, and to the category of small categ…
In this paper, we study the extent to which Bousfield and finite localizations relative to a thick subcategory of equivariant finite spectra preserve various kinds of highly structured multiplications. Along the way, we describe some basic, useful results for analyzing categories of acyclics in equivariant spectra, and we show that Bousfield localization with respect to an ordinary spectrum (viewed as an equivariant spectrum with trivial action) always preserves equivariant commutative ring spectra.
We prove the equivalence of several hypotheses that have appeared recently in the literature for studying left Bousfield localization and algebras over a monad. We find conditions so that there is a model structure for local algebras, so that localization preserves algebras, and so that localization lifts to the level of algebras. We include examples coming from the theory of colored operads, and applications to spaces, spectra, and chain complexes.
We provide a very general approach to placing model structures and semi-model structures on algebras over symmetric colored operads. Our results require minimal hypotheses on the underlying model category $\mathcal{M}$, and these hypotheses vary depending on what is known about the colored operads in question. We obtain results for the classes of colored operad which are cofibrant as a symmetric collection, entrywise cofibrant, or arbitrary. As the hypothesis on the operad is weakened, the hypotheses on $\mathcal{M}$ must be strengthened. Via a careful development of the categorical algebra of…
We extend the Bousfield-Kan spectral sequence for the computation of the homotopy groups of the space of minimal A-infinity algebra structures on a graded projective module. We use the new part to define obstructions to the extension of truncated minimal A-infinity algebra structures. We also consider the Bousfield-Kan spectral sequence for the moduli space of A-infinity algebras. We compute up to the second page, terms and differentials, of these spectral sequences in terms of Hochschild cohomology.
Using the dual of Bousfield-Friedlander localization we colocalize resolution model structures on cosimplicial objects over a left proper model category to get truncated resolution model structures. These are useful to study realization and moduli problems in algebraic topology.
In this article we study the Poisson algebra structure on the homology of the totalization of a fibrant cosimplicial space associated with an operad with multiplication. This structure is given as the Browder operation induced by the action of little disks operad, which was found by McClure and Smith. We show that the Browder operation coincides with the Gerstenhaber bracket on the Hochschild homology, which appears as the E2-term of the homology spectral sequence constructed by Bousfield. In particular we consider a variant of the space of long knots in higher dimensional Euclidean space, and…
The aim of this short paper is to establish a spectral algebra analog of the Bousfield-Kan "fibration lemma" under appropriate conditions. We work in the context of algebraic structures that can be described as algebras over an operad $\mathcal{O}$ in symmetric spectra. Our main result is that completion with respect to topological Quillen homology (or TQ-completion, for short) preserves homotopy fibration sequences provided that the base and total $\mathcal{O}$-algebras are connected. Our argument essentially boils down to proving that the natural map from the homotopy fiber to its TQ-complet…
The aim of this note is to provide a comprehensive treatment of the homotopy theory of $Γ$-$G$-spaces for $G$ a finite group. We introduce two level and stable model structures on $Γ$-$G$-spaces and exhibit Quillen adjunctions to $G$-symmetric spectra with respect to a flat level and a stable flat model structure respectively. Then we give a proof that $Γ$-$G$-spaces model connective equivariant stable homotopy theory along the lines of the proof in the non-equivariant setting given by Bousfield and Friedlander. Furthermore, we study the smash product of $Γ$-$G$-spaces and show that the functo…
The long hunt for a symmetric monoidal category of spectra finally ended in success with the simultaneous discovery of the third author's discovery of symmetric spectra and the Elmendorf-Kriz-Mandell-May category of S-modules. In this paper we define and study the model category of symmetric spectra, based on simplicial sets and topological spaces. We prove that the category of symmetric spectra is closed symmetric monoidal and that the symmetric monoidal structure is compatible with the model structure. We prove that the model category of symmetric spectra is Quillen equivalent to Bousfield a…
Sinha has constructed a cosimplicial space X for a fixed integer N. One of his main result states that for N > 3, X is a cosimplicial model for the space of long knots (modulo immersions). On the other hand, Lambrechts, Turchin and Volic showed that for N > 3 the homology Bousfield-Kan spectral sequence associated to Sinha's cosimplicial space collapses at the page 2 rationally. Their approach consists first to prove the formality of some other diagrams approximating X and next deduce the collapsing result. In this paper, we prove directly the formality of Sinha's cosimplicial space and this a…
Let V be a cofibrantly generated monoidal model category and let M be a monoidal V-model category. Given a cofibrant C-coloured operad P in V, we give sufficient conditions for the fibrant replacement and cofibrant replacement functors in M^C to preserve P-algebra structures. In particular, we show how P-algebra structures can be transferred along derived Quillen adjunctions of monoidal V-model categories, and we apply this result to the Quillen adjunctions defined by enriched Bousfield localizations and colocalizations on M. As an application, we prove that in the category of symmetric spectr…
The aim of this short paper is two-fold: (i) to construct a TQ-localization functor on algebras over a spectral operad O, in the case where no connectivity assumptions are made on the O-algebras, and (ii) more generally, to establish the associated TQ-local homotopy theory as a left Bousfield localization of the usual model structure on O-algebras, which itself is almost never left proper, in general. In the resulting TQ-local homotopy theory, the "weak equivalences" are the TQ-homology equivalences, where "TQ-homology" is short for topological Quillen homology, which is also weakly equivalent…
In this paper we study classical deformations of diagrams of commutative algebras over a field of characteristic 0. In particular we determine several homotopy classes of DG-Lie algebras, each one of them controlling this above deformation problem: the first homotopy type is described in terms of the projective model structure on the category of diagrams of differential graded algebras, the others in terms of the Reedy model structure on truncated Bousfield-Kan approximations. The first half of the paper contains an elementary introduction to the projective model structure on the category of c…
Working in the context of symmetric spectra, we describe and study a homotopy completion tower for algebras and left modules over operads in the category of modules over a commutative ring spectrum (e.g., structured ring spectra). We prove a strong convergence theorem that for 0-connected algebras and modules over a (-1)-connected operad, the homotopy completion tower interpolates (in a strong sense) between topological Quillen homology and the identity functor. By systematically exploiting strong convergence, we prove several theorems concerning the topological Quillen homology of algebras an…
Let $\mathscr{M}$ be a combinatorial and left proper model category, possibly with a monoidal structure. If $\mathscr{O}$ is either a monad on $\mathscr{M}$ or an operad enriched over $\mathscr{M}$, define a QS-algebra in $\mathscr{M}$ to be a weak equivalence $\mathscr{F}: s(\mathscr{F}) \xrightarrow{\sim}t(\mathscr{F})$ such that the target $t(\mathscr{F})$ is an $\mathscr{O}$-algebra in the usual sense. A classical $\mathscr{O}$-algebra is a QS-algebra supported by an isomorphism $\mathscr{F}$. A QS-structure $\mathscr{F}$ is also a weak equivalence such that $t(\mathscr{F})$ has a structur…
We provide conditions on a monoidal model category $\mathcal{M}$ so that the category of commutative monoids in $\mathcal{M}$ inherits a model structure from $\mathcal{M}$ in which a map is a weak equivalence or fibration if and only if it is so in $\mathcal{M}$. We then investigate properties of cofibrations of commutative monoids, rectification between $E_\infty$-algebras and commutative monoids, the relationship between commutative monoids and monoidal Bousfield localization functors, when the category of commutative monoids can be made left proper, and functoriality of the passage from a c…
If $L$ is a finite lattice, we show that there is a natural topological lattice structure on the geometric realization of its order complex $Δ(L)$ (definition recalled). Lattice-theoretically, the resulting object is a subdirect product of copies of $L$. We note properties of this construction and of some variants thereof, and pose several questions. For $M_3$ the $5$-element nondistributive modular lattice, $Δ(M_3)$ is modular, but its underlying topological space does not admit a structure of distributive lattice, answering a question of Walter Taylor. We also describe a construction of "sti…
