Walter Neumann, Michael Shapiro
Cannon has given an example of a virtually abelian group and a generating set where the full language of geodesics is not regular. We describe a virtually abelian group and a generating set so that no regular language of geodesics surjects to the group.
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We show that the geodesic growth function of any finitely generated virtually abelian group is either polynomial or exponential; and that the geodesic growth series is holonomic, and rational in the polynomial growth case. In addition, we show that the language of geodesics is blind multicounter.
A direct consequence of Gromov's theorem is that if a group has polynomial geodesic growth with respect to some finite generating set then it is virtually nilpotent. However, until now the only examples known were virtually abelian. In this note we furnish an example of a virtually 2-step nilpotent group having polynomial geodesic growth with respect to a certain finite generating set.
We show that the epimorphism problem is solvable for targets that are virtually cyclic or a product of an Abelian group and a finite group.
Let $G$ be a polycyclic, metabelian or soluble of type (FP)$_{\infty}$ group such that the class $Rat(G)$ of all rational subsets of $G$ is a boolean algebra. Then $G$ is virtually abelian. Every soluble biautomatic group is virtually abelian.
It is well-known that random groups with at least as many relators as generators have vanishing first betti number with high probability. In this paper we extend this question and study maps from few-relators random groups to infinite virtually abelian groups.
When studying subgroups of $Out(F_n)$, one often replaces a given subgroup $H$ with one of its finite index subgroups $H_0$ so that virtual properties of $H$ become actual properties of $H_0$. In many cases, the finite index subgroup is $H_0 = H \cap IA_n(Z/3)$. For which properties is this a good choice? Our main theorem states that being abelian is such a property. Namely, every virtually abelian subgroup of $IA_n(Z/3)$ is abelian.
We prove that a finitely generated group $G$ is virtually free if and only if there exists a generating set for $G$ and $k > 0$ such that all $k$-locally geodesic words with respect to that generating set are geodesic.
Twisted conjugacy growth series of virtually abelian groups
本文研究有限生成群的扭曲共轭增长级数，证明几乎阿贝尔群的该级数为可计算的$\mathbb{N}$-有理函数，并推广至相对增长级数。
We show that any subgroup of a finitely generated virtually abelian group $G$ grows rationally relative to $G$, that the set of right cosets of any subgroup of $G$ grows rationally, and that the set of conjugacy classes of $G$ grows rationally. These results hold regardless of the choice of finite weighted generating set for $G$.
The twisted conjugacy growth of virtually abelian groups
本文研究了 virtually abelian 群上与扭曲共轭相关的多个增长函数的渐近性，并证明这些增长函数均表现出多项式渐近行为。
This note records some observations concerning geodesic growth functions. If a nilpotent group is not virtually cyclic then it has exponential geodesic growth with respect to all finite generating sets. On the other hand, if a finitely generated group $G$ has an element whose normal closure is abelian and of finite index, then $G$ has a finite generating set with respect to which the geodesic growth is polynomial (this includes all virtually cyclic groups).
We generalise the notion of a separating intersection of links (SIL) to give necessary and sufficient criteria on the defining graph $Γ$ of a right-angled Coxeter group $W_Γ$ so that its outer automorphism group is large: that is, it contains a finite index subgroup that admits the free group $F_2$ as a quotient. When $Out(W_Γ)$ is not large, we show it is virtually abelian. We also show that the same dichotomy holds for the outer automorphism groups of graph products of finite abelian groups. As a consequence, these groups have property (T) if and only if they are finite, or equivalently $Γ$ …
Geodesic languages for rational subsets and conjugates in virtually free groups
本文证明拟自由群中有理子集与测地词语言的有理性等价，并由此得出有理子集的双重广义共轭问题可判定，自由群情形下对共轭元施加有理约束仍可判定。
Noise sensitivity on virtually abelian groups
研究虚阿贝尔群上非周期性随机游走的噪声敏感性，证明其在总变分下噪声敏感的充要条件是群无非零同态到无限循环群。
Intermediate geodesic growth in virtually nilpotent groups
本文首次提出虚3步nilpotent群具有中间测地生长的例子，并研究了虚nilpotent群的几何性质。
Rationality of the multivariate growth series for algebraic sets of virtually abelian groups
本文证明了虚拟阿贝尔群代数集的多变量相对增长级数具有有理性，证实了 Evetts 和 Levine 的猜想。
$\mathbb{Z}^2$-free subgroups of Thompson's $T$ are virtually free
本文证明Thompson群T的有限生成且不含任意高阶阿贝尔群的子群为虚阿贝尔或虚自由，进而得出曲面群不能嵌入T，解答了Belk与Moore的公开问题。
Let $\mathrm{Mod}(S)$ be the mapping class group of a compact connected orientable surface $S$, possibly with punctures and boundary components, with negative Euler characteristic. We prove that for any infinite virtually abelian subgroup $H$ of $\mathrm{Mod}(S)$, there is a subgroup $H'$ commensurable with $H$ such that the commensurator of $H$ equals the normalizer of $H'$. As a consequence we give, for each $n \geq 2$, an upper bound for the geometric dimension of $\mathrm{Mod}(S)$ for the family of abelian subgroups of rank bounded by $n$. These results generalize work by Juan-Pineda--Truj…
The complexity of a geodesic language has connections to algebraic properties of the group. Gilman, Hermiller, Holt, and Rees show that a finitely generated group is virtually free if and only if its geodesic language is locally excluding for some finite inverse-closed generating set. The existence of such a correspondence and the result of Hermiller, Holt, and Rees that finitely generated abelian groups have piecewise excluding geodesic language for all finite inverse-closed generating sets motivated our work. We show that a finitely generated group with piecewise excluding geodesic language …
Let $Q_m$ be the HNN extension of $\Z/m \times \Z/m$ where the stable letter conjugates the first factor to the second. We explore small presentations of the groups $Γ_{m,n}=Q_m \ast Q_n$. We show that for certain choices of (m,n), for example (2,3), the group $Γ_{m,n}$ has a relation gap unless it admits a presentation with at most 3 defining relations, and we establish restrictions on the possible form of such a presentation. We then associate to each (m,n) a 3-complex with 16 cells. This 3-complex is a counterexample to the D(2) conjecture if $Γ_{m,n}$ has a relation gap.
Let $Γ$ be a finitely generated torsion-free group. We show that the statement of $Γ$ being virtually abelian is equivalent to the statement that the $*$-regular closure of the group ring $\mathbb{C}[Γ]$ in the algebra of (unbounded) operators affiliated to the group von Neumann algebra is a central division algebra. More generally, for any field $k$, it is shown that $k[Γ]$ embeds into a central division algebra in case $Γ$ is virtually abelian. We take advantage of this result in order to develop a criterion for existence of units in the group ring $k[Γ]$. We develop this criterion in the pa…
Non-virtually abelian discontinuous group actions vs. proper SL(2,R)-actions on homogeneous spaces
本文开发算法验证半单齐性空间上离散群作用的真性，并发现不承认真SL(2,R)作用的非几乎阿贝尔不连续群作用新例。
Let G be a simple non-compact linear connected Lie group and H be a closed non-compact semisimple subgroup. We are interested in finding classes of homogeneous spaces G/H admitting proper actions of discrete non virtually abelian subgroups of G. We develop an algorithm for finding such homogeneous spaces. As a testing example we obtain a list of all non-compact homogeneous spaces G/H admitting proper action of a discrete and non virtually abelian subgroup of G in the case when G has rank at most 8, and H is a maximal proper semisimple subgroup.
Given a discrete group $G$, for any integer $r\geqslant0$ we consider the family of all virtually abelian subgroups of $G$ of rank at most $r$. We give an upper bound for the Bredon cohomological dimension of $G$ for this family for a certain class of groups acting on $\mathrm{CAT}(0)$ spaces. This covers the case of Coxeter groups, Right-angled Artin groups, fundamental groups of special cube complexes and graph products of finite groups. Our construction partially answers a question of J.-F. Lafont.
Conjugacy Class Growth in Virtually Abelian Groups
本文研究有限生成近阿贝尔群中固定共轭类在Cayley球内的计数增长，证明其渐近等价于多项式，并揭示仿射Coxeter群中增长度与反射长度的等价关系。
We study finitely generated groups whose word problems are accepted by counter automata. We show that a group has word problem accepted by a blind n-counter automaton in the sense of Greibach if and only if it is virtually free abelian of rank n; this result, which answers a question of Gilman, is in a very precise sense an abelian analogue of the Muller-Schupp theorem. More generally, if G is a virtually abelian group then every group with word problem recognised by a G-automaton is virtually abelian with growth class bounded above by the growth class of G. We consider also other types of cou…
In this short note, we show that a group acting geometrically on a CAT(0) cube complex with virtually abelian hyperplane-stabilisers must decompose virtually as a free product of free abelian groups and surface groups.
We prove that if a linear group $Γ\subset \mathrm{GL}_n(K)$ over a field $K$ of characteristic zero is boundedly generated by semi-simple (diagonalizable) elements then it is virtually solvable. As a consequence, one obtains that infinite $S$-arithmetic subgroups of absolutely almost simple anisotropic algebraic groups over number fields are never boundedly generated. Our proof relies on Laurent's theorem from Diophantine geometry and properties of generic elements.
We observe that abelian subgroups of Helly groups are finitely generated, and consequently, soluble subgroups of Helly groups are virtually abelian.
This paper explores the nature of the solution sets of systems of equations in virtually abelian groups. We view this question from two angles. From a formal language perspective, we prove that the set of solutions to a system of equations forms an EDT0L language, with respect to a natural normal form. Looking at growth, we show that the growth series of the language of solutions is rational. Furthermore, considering the set of solutions as a set of tuples of group elements, we show that it has rational relative growth series with respect to any finite generating set.
Effective conjugacy separability of virtually abelian groups
本文刻画了每个几乎阿贝尔群的共轭可分性函数，发现当扩张对应不可约表示时与剩余有限性函数相同，否则可能严格更大，并给出示例。
Effective equation solving, constraints and growth in virtually abelian groups
本文研究虚拟阿贝尔群中带组合、代数和语言约束的群方程求解，将约束转化为有理集以归约为可判定问题，并证明增长序列可有效计算。
On the complexity of epimorphism testing with virtually abelian targets
该研究证明了有限表现群到几类虚拟阿贝尔群及特定有限群的满同态测试问题的$\textsf{NP}$完全性，扩展了相关可判定性的靶标群范围，补充了已有研究结论。
We show that any soluble group $G$ of type Bredon-$\FP_{\infty}$ with respect to the family of all virtually cyclic subgroups such that centralizers of infinite order elements are of type $\FP_{\infty}$ must be virtually cyclic. To prove this, we first reduce the problem to the case of polycyclic groups and then we show that a polycyclic-by-finite group with finitely many conjugacy classes of maximal virtually cyclic subgroups is virtually cyclic. Finally we discuss refinements of this result: we only impose the property Bredon-$\FP_n$ for some $n \leq 3$ and restrict to abelian-by-nilpotent, …
Interval Exchange Transformations groups. Free actions and dynamics of virtually abelian groups
本文研究区间交换变换群的自由与非自由作用，分类包含$\mathbb Z^2$的群的自由作用，并构造非几乎幂零的IET子群例子。
Rational sets in virtually abelian groups: languages and growth
本文统一并推广了关于几乎阿贝尔群中有理集增长级数有理性的结果，证明了多种重要集合类的有理性，并给出有理集的EDT0L表示。
A residually finite (profinite) group $G$ is just infinite if every non-trivial (closed) normal subgroup of $G$ is of finite index. This paper considers the problem of determining whether a (closed) subgroup $H$ of a just infinite group is itself just infinite. If $G$ is not virtually abelian, we give a description of the just infinite property for normal subgroups in terms of maximal subgroups. In particular, we show that such a group $G$ is hereditarily just infinite if and only if all maximal subgroups of finite index are just infinite. We also obtain results for certain families of virtual…
A non-plain virtually free group with a strictly 2-geodetic Cayley graph
本文构造了一个无限几乎自由群$G=C_4\ast_{C_2}D_3$，其Cayley图是2-测地但非测地，反驳了相关猜想，并证明其自由不可分解性。
Given a probability measure on a finitely generated group, its Martin boundary is a way to compactify the group using the Green's function of the corresponding random walk. We give a complete topological characterization of the Martin boundary of finitely supported random walks on relatively hyperbolic groups with virtually abelian parabolic subgroups. In particular, in the case of nonuniform lattices in the real hyperbolic space H n , we show that the Martin boundary coincides with the CAT (0) boundary of the truncated space, and thus when n = 3, is homeomorphic to the Sierpinski carpet.
For a group $G$, let $\mathcal{F}_{n}$ be the family of all the subgroups of $G$ containing a subgroup isomorphic to $\mathbb{Z}^{r}$ for some $r=0,1,2,\dots ,n$ of finite index. Joecken, Lafont and Sánchez Saldaña computed the $\mathcal{F}_1$-dimension of 3-manifold groups. The goal of this article is to compute the $\mathcal{F}_n$-geometric dimension of 3-manifold groups for all $n\geq 2$.
Nuclear Dimension of Twisted $C^*$-Algebras of Virtually Abelian Groups
研究有限生成几乎阿贝尔群G的扭曲群C*-代数C*(G,σ)的核维数，证明其等于G的有限指数阿贝尔子群的秩，并给出Z^r上扭曲C*-代数核维数为r的充要条件。
We study the structure of the commensurator of a virtually abelian subgroup $H$ in $G$, where $G$ acts properly on a $\mathrm{CAT}(0)$ space $X$. When $X$ is a Hadamard manifold and $H$ is semisimple, we show that the commensurator of $H$ coincides with the normalizer of a finite index subgroup of $H$. When $X$ is a $\mathrm{CAT}(0)$ cube complex or a thick Euclidean building and the action of $G$ is cellular, we show that the commensurator of $H$ is an ascending union of normalizers of finite index subgroups of $H$. We explore several special cases where the results can be strengthened and we…
A profinite group G is just infinite if every non-trivial closed normal subgroup of G is of finite index, and hereditarily just infinite if every open subgroup is just infinite. Hereditarily just infinite profinite groups need not be virtually pro-p, as shown in a recent paper of Wilson. The same paper gives a criterion on an inverse system of finite groups that is sufficient to ensure the limit is either virtually abelian or hereditarily just infinite. We give criteria of a similar nature that characterise the just infinite and hereditarily just infinite properties under the assumption that G…
Four geometric conditions on a geodesic metric space, which are stronger variants of classical conditions characterizing hyperbolicity, are proved to be equivalent. In the particular case of the Cayley graph of a finitely generated group, it is shown that they characterize virtually free groups.
Residual Finiteness Growth in Virtually Abelian Groups
本文研究几乎阿贝尔群的剩余有限性增长，证明其等于 $\log^k$，其中 $k$ 由显式表达式给出，并应用于构造具有指定增长阶的群。
Given a finitely generated relatively hyperbolic group $G$, we construct a finite generating set $X$ of $G$ such that $(G,X)$ has the `falsification by fellow traveler property' provided that the parabolic subgroups $\{H_ω\}_{ω\in Ω}$ have this property with respect to the generating sets $\{X\cap H_ω\}_{ω\in Ω}$. This implies that groups hyperbolic relative to virtually abelian subgroups, which include all limit groups and groups acting freely on $\mathbb{R}^n$-trees, or geometrically finite hyperbolic groups, have generating sets for which the language of geodesics is regular, and the comple…
The Conjugacy Ratio of Abelian-by-Cyclic Groups
研究了阿贝尔-循环群的共轭比，证明了该比为零除非群是虚拟阿贝尔群，并展示了非虚拟阿贝尔群的特殊情况。
In this article we show that every group with a finite presentation satisfying one or both of the small cancellation conditions $C'(1/6)$ and $C'(1/4)-T(4)$ has the property that the set of all geodesics (over the same generating set) is a star-free regular language. Star-free regularity of the geodesic set is shown to be dependent on the generating set chosen, even for free groups. We also show that the class of groups whose geodesic sets are star-free with respect to some generating set is closed under taking graph (and hence free and direct) products, and includes all virtually abelian grou…
Nuclear Dimension and Rigidity Results for Virtually Abelian Groups
本文证明有限生成虚拟阿贝尔群的Hirsch长度等于其群C*-代数的核维数，并进一步证明晶体群性质在C*-同构下保持不变，从而推出二维晶体群是C*-超刚性的。
We study the quasi-isometric rigidity of a large family of finitely generated groups that split as graphs of groups with virtually free vertex groups and two-ended edge groups. Let $G$ be a group that is one-ended, hyperbolic relative to virtually abelian subgroups, and has JSJ decomposition over two-ended subgroups containing only virtually free vertex groups that aren't quadratically hanging. Our main result is that any group quasi-isometric to $G$ is abstractly commensurable to $G$. In particular, our result applies to certain "generic" HNN extensions of a free group over cyclic subgroups.
Let $G$ be a finitely generated group. We show that for any finite generating set $A$, the language consisting of all geodesics in $Cay(G,A)$ with a contracting property is a regular language. As an application, we show that any finitely generated group containing an infinite contracting geodesic must be either virtually $\mathbb{Z}$ or acylindrically hyperbolic.
In this article we construct asynchronous and sometimes synchronous automatic structures for amalgamated products and HNN extensions of groups that are strongly asynchronously (or synchronously) coset automatic with respect to the associated automatic subgroups, subject to further geometric conditions. These results are proved in the general context of fundamental groups of graphs of groups. The hypotheses of our closure results are satisfied in a variety of examples such as Artin groups of sufficiently large type, Coxeter groups, virtually abelian groups, and groups that are hyperbolic relati…
A generalized Baumslag-Solitar group (GBS group) is a finitely generated group $G$ which acts on a tree with all edge and vertex stabilizers infinite cyclic. We show that Out(G) either contains non-abelian free groups or is virtually nilpotent of class at most 2. It has torsion only at finitely many primes. One may decide algorithmically whether Out(G) is virtually nilpotent or not. If it is, one may decide whether it is virtually abelian, or finitely generated. The isomorphism problem is solvable among GBS groups with Out(G) virtually nilpotent. If $G$ is unimodular (virtually $F_n \times Z$)…
The article deals with profinite groups in which the centralizers are abelian (CA-groups), that is, with profinite commutativity-transitive groups. It is shown that such groups are virtually pronilpotent. More precisely, let G be a profinite CA-group. It is shown that G has a normal open subgroup N which is either abelian or pro-p. Further, a rather detailed information about the finite quotient G/N is obtained.
Classifying spaces for families of virtually abelian subgroups of surface braid groups
本文研究了表面纯辫群虚阿贝尔子群族的分类空间的最小维数，证明其等于群的虚上同调维数加n，并应用于计算可算子群族的分类空间最小维数。
Subgroups of the direct product of graphs of groups with free abelian vertex groups
本文将 Baumslag–Roseblade 关于自由群直积有限展示子群的结果推广到具有自由阿贝尔顶点群与循环边群的群图，并证明相关 RAAG 子群的算法问题可判定。
A hyperbolic conjugacy class in the modular group PSL(2,Z) corresponds to a closed geodesic in the modular orbifold. Some of these geodesics virtually bound immersed surfaces, and some do not; the distinction is related to the polyhedral structure in the unit ball of the stable commutator length norm. We prove the following stability theorem: for every hyperbolic element of the modular group, the product of this element with a sufficiently large power of a parabolic element is represented by a geodesic that virtually bounds an immersed surface.
Property (LR) and an embedding theorem for virtually free groups
本文证明了每个虚自由群G具有Long和Reid提出的性质(LR)，即每个有限生成子群都是有限指数子群的 retract。主要方法是证明每个可数虚自由群可嵌入到有限群的双群中。
We show that if a group is not virtually cyclic and is hyperbolic relative to a family of proper subgroups, then it has a hyperbolically embedded subgroup which contains a finitely generated non-abelian free group as a finite index subgroup.
We show, using Wise's equitable sets criterion, that every tubular free by cyclic group acts freely on a CAT(0) cube complex. We also show that these groups have a finite index subgroup satisfying the strongest Tits alternative, which means that every subgroup either surjects a non abelian free group or is torsion free abelian. In particular the Gersten group is the first known group virtually having this property but which is not virtually special nor virtually residually free.
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