We give a solution stated in the title to problem 3 of part 1 of the problems listed in the book of Eklof and Mekler [EM],(p.453). There, in pp. 241-242, this is discussed and proved in some cases. The existence of strongly lambda-free ones was proved earlier by the criteria in [Sh:161] in [MkSh:251]. We can apply a similar proof to a large class of other varieties in particular to the variety of (non-commutative) groups.
section 2: We answer a question of Mekler Eklof on the closure operations of the incompactness spectrum. We answer a question of Foreman and Magidor on reflection of stationary subsets of S_{< aleph_2}(lambda) = {a subseteq lambda : |a| < aleph_2}]. section 3 - NPT is not transitive. We prove NPT(lambda, mu) + NPT(mu, kappa) not => NPT(lambda, kappa)
We prove that if mu^+< lambda =cf(lambda)< mu^{aleph_0}, then there is no universal reduced torsion free abelian group. Similarly if aleph_0< lambda < 2^{aleph_0}. We also prove that if 2^{aleph_0}< mu^+< lambda =cf(lambda)< mu^{aleph_0}, then there is no universal reduced separable abelian p-group in lambda. (Note: both results fail if lambda = lambda^{aleph_0} or if lambda is strong limit, cf (mu)= aleph_0< mu).
We answer a long-standing open question by proving in ordinary set theory, ZFC, that the Kaplansky test problems have negative answers for aleph_1-separable abelian groups of cardinality aleph_1. In fact, there is an aleph_1-separable abelian group M such that M is isomorphic to M oplus M oplus M but not to M oplus M .
We show that it is consistent with ordinary set theory ZFC and the generalized continuum hypothesis that there exist two separable abelian groups of cardinality aleph_1 which are filtration equivalent and one is a Whitehead group but the other is not. This solves one of the open problems of Eklof and Mekler.
Let G be an abelian group and let lambda be the smallest rank of any group whose direct sum with a free group is isomorphic to G. If lambda is uncountable, then G has lambda pairwise disjoint, non-free subgroups. There is an example where lambda is countably infinite and G does not have even two disjoint, non-free subgroups.
Let T be an abelian group and lambda an uncountable regular cardinal. We consider the question of whether there is a lambda-universal group G^* among all torsion-free abelian groups G of cardinality less than or equal to lambda satisfying Ext(G,T)=0. Here G^* is said to be lambda-universal for T if, whenever a torsion-free abelian group G of cardinality less than or equal to lambda satisfies Ext(G,T)=0, then there is an embedding of G into G^*. For large classes of abelian groups T and cardinals lambda it is shown that the answer is consistently no. In particular, for T torsion, this solves a …
Suppose lambda is a singular cardinal of uncountable cofinality kappa. For a model M of cardinality lambda, let No(M) denote the number of isomorphism types of models N of cardinality lambda which are L_{infty lambda}-equivalent to M. In [Sh:189] inverse kappa-systems A of abelian groups and their certain kind of quotient limits Gr(A)/Fact(A) were considered. It was proved that for every cardinal mu there exists an inverse kappa-system A such that A consists of abelian groups having cardinality at most mu^kappa and card(Gr(A)/Fact(A))= mu. In [Sh:228] a strict connection between inverse kappa-…
The main result is Theorem: Let A be an R-algebra, mu, lambda be cardinals such that |A|<=mu=mu^{aleph_0}<lambda<=2^mu. If A is aleph_0-cotorsion-free or A is countably free, respectively, then there exists an aleph_0-cotorsion-free or a separable (reduced, torsion-free) R-module G respectively of cardinality |G|=lambda with End_RG=A oplus Fin G.
We will answer a question raised by Emmanuel Dror Farjoun concerning the existence of torsion-free abelian groups G such that for any ordered pair of pure elements there is a unique automorphism mapping the first element onto the second one. We will show the existence of such a group of cardinality lambda for any successor cardinal lambda=mu^+ with mu=mu^{aleph_0}.
An abelian group is said to be aleph_1-free if all its countable subgroups are free. Our main result is: If R is a ring with R^+ free and |R|<lambda <= 2^{aleph_0}, then there exists an aleph_1-free abelian group G of cardinality lambda with End(G)=R . A corollary to this theorem is: Indecomposable aleph_1-free abelian groups of cardinality aleph_1 do exist.
In this short note we show that if lambda>aleph_1 is regular and lambda is not the successor of a singular cardinal of cofinality aleph_0, and G is a lambda-free abelian group of size lambda, then there is a free group G' subseteq G of size lambda.
We strengthen non-structure theorems for almost free Abelian groups by studying long Ehrenfeucht-Fraisse games between a fixed group of cardinality lambda and a free Abelian group. A group is called epsilon-game-free if the isomorphism player has a winning strategy in the game (of the described form) of length epsilon in lambda. We prove for a large set of successor cardinals lambda=mu^+ existence of nonfree (mu*omega_1)-game-free groups of cardinality lambda. We concentrate on successors of singular cardinals.
We consider a class K of structures e.g. trees with omega +1 levels, metric spaces and mainly, classes of Abelian groups like the one mentioned in the title and the class of reduced separable (Abelian) p-groups. We say M in K is universal for K if any member N of K of cardinality not bigger than the cardinality of M can be embedded into M . This is a natural, often raised, problem. We try to draw consequences of cardinal arithmetic to non-existence of universal members for such natural classes.
(withdrawn.) For every lambda we give an explicit construction of an Abelian group with no non-trivial automorphisms. In particular the group absolutely has no non-trivial automorphisms, hence is absolutely indecomposable. Earlier we knew a stronger existence theorem but only up to a quite large cardinal which was a necessary restriction. In another direction the construction does not use the axiom of choice.
An E-ring is a unital ring R such that every endomorphism of the underlying abelian group R^+ is multiplication by some ring-element. The existence of almost-free E-rings of cardinality greater than 2^{aleph_0} is undecidable in ZFC. While they exist in Goedel's universe, they do not exist in other models of set theory. For a regular cardinal aleph_1 <= lambda <= 2^{aleph_0} we construct E-rings of cardinality lambda in ZFC which have aleph_1-free additive structure. For lambda = aleph_1 we therefore obtain the existence of almost-free E-rings of cardinality aleph_1 in ZFC.
We show that every abelian Polish group is the topological factor-group of a closed subgroup of the full unitary group of a separable Hilbert space with the strong operator topology. It follows that all orbit equivalence relations induced by abelian Polish group actions are Borel reducible to some orbit equivalence relations induced by actions of the unitary group.
Our aim is to prove that if T is a complete first order theory, which is not superstable (no knowledge on this notion is required), included in a theory T_1 then for any lambda > |T_1| there are 2^lambda models of T_1 such that for any two of them the tau(T)-reducts of one is not elementarily embeddable into the tau(T)-reduct of the other, thus completing the investigation of [Sh:a, Ch. VIII]. Note the difference with the case of unstable T: there lambda > |T_1| + aleph_0 suffices. By [Sh:E59] it suffices for every such lambda to find a complicated enough family of trees with omega + 1 levels …
We use Fra\" iss\' e theoretic methods to construct a universal and ultrahomogeneous abelian separable metric group. We show that such a group is a universal abelian Polish group, thus we provide another proof of a result already discovered by Shkarin. We then construct universal and ultrahomogeneous abelian periodic metric groups with bounded exponents; it follows that these groups are also universal objects for the corresponding classes of abelian Polish groups.
We deal with some pcf investigations mostly motivated by abelian group theory problems and deal their applications to test problems (we expect reasonably wide applications). We prove almost always the existence of aleph_omega-free abelian groups with trivial dual, i.e. no non-trivial homomorphisms to the integers. This relies on investigation of pcf; more specifically, for this we prove that "almost always" there are F subseteq lambda^kappa which are quite free and has black boxes. The "almost always" means that there are strong restrictions on cardinal arithmetic if the universe fails this, t…
We give a positive answer to the question of Shkarin (\emph{On universal abelian topological groups}, Mat. Sb. 190 (1999), no. 7, 127-144) whether there exists a metrically universal abelian separable group equipped with invariant metric. Our construction also gives an example of a group structure on the Urysohn universal space that is substantially different from the previously known examples. Under some cardinal arithmetic assumptions, our results generalize to higher cardinalities.
A torsion-free abelian group B of arbitrary rank is called a B_1-group if Bext^1(B,T)=0 for every torsion abelian group T, where Bext^1 denotes the group of equivalence classes of all balanced exact extensions of T by B. It is a long-standing problem whether or not the class of B_1-groups coincides with the class of B_2-groups. A torsion-free abelian group B is called a B_2-group if there exists a continuous well-ordered ascending chain of pure subgroups, 0=B_0 subset B_1 subset ... subset B_alpha subset ... subset B_lambda =B=bigcup_{alpha in lambda} B_alpha such that B_{alpha+1}=B_alpha+G_al…
We study groups that can be defined as Polish, pro-countable groups, as non-archimedean groups with an invariant metric or as quasi-countable groups, i.e., closed subdirect products of countable, discrete groups, endowed with the product topology. We show, among other results, that for every non-locally compact, abelian quasi-countable group G there exists a closed subgroup L of G, and a closed, non-locally compact subgroup K of G/L which is a direct product of discrete, countable groups. As an application we prove that for every abelian Polish group G of the form H/L, where H,L are closed sub…
Higman proved in 1952 that every free group is non-commutatively slender, this is to say that if G is a free group and h is a homomorphism from the countable complete free product (X_omega Z) to G, then there exists a finite subset F of omega and a homomorphism h:*_{i in F} Z --> G such that h=h rho_F, where rho_F is the natural map from (X_{i in omega})Z to *_{i in F}Z . Corresponding to the abelian case this phenomenon was called the non-commutative Specker Phenomenon. In this paper we show that Higman's result fails if one passes from countable to uncountable. In particular, we show that fo…
We construct a non-free but aleph_1-separable, torsion-free abelian group G with a pure free subgroup B such that all subgroups of G disjoint from B are free and such that G/B is divisible. This answers a question of Irwin and shows that a theorem of Blass and Irwin cannot be strengthened so as to give an exact analog for torsion-free groups of a result proved for p-groups by Benabdallah and Irwin.
