We construct a (shellable) polyhedral cell complex that supports a minimal free resolution of a Borel fixed ideal, which is minimally generated (in the Borel sense) by just one monomial in S=k[x_1,x_2,...,x_n]; this includes the case of powers of the homogeneous maximal ideal (x_1,x_2,...,x_n) as a special case.
In our most general result we prove that for any Borel fixed ideal I generated in one degree, there exists a polyhedral cell complex that supports a minimal free resolution of I.
It is shown that a squarefree principal Borel ideal satisfies the persistence property for the associated prime ideals. For the graded maximal ideal we compute the index of stability with respect to squarefree principal Borel ideals and determine their stable set of associated prime ideals.
We study ideals of Borel type, including $k$-Borel ideals and $t$-spread Veronese ideals. We determine their free resolutions and their homological shift ideals. The multiplicity and the analytic spread of equigenerated squarefree principal Borel ideals are computed. For the multiplicity, the result is given under an additional assumption which is always satisfied for squarefree principal Borel ideals. These results are used to analyze the behaviour of height, multiplicity and analytic spread of the homological shift ideals $HS_j(I)$ as functions of $j$, when $I$ is an equigenerated squarefree…
An equigenerated monomial ideal $I$ in the polynomial ring $S= K[x_1,\ldots,x_n]$ is a Freiman ideal if $μ(I^2)=\ell(I)μ(I)-{\ell(I)\choose 2}$ where $\ell(I)$ is the analytic spread of $I$ and $μ(I)$ is the number of minimal generators of $I$. In this paper, we classify certain classes of Borel type ideals, including Borel ideals with multiple Borel generators and principal $k$-Borel ideals, which are Freiman.
We prove that if the initial ideal of a prime ideal is Borel-fixed and the dimension of the quotient ring is less than or equal to two, then given any non-minimal associated prime ideal of the initial ideal it contains another associated prime ideal of dimension one larger.
We consider vector-spread Borel ideals. We show that these ideals have linear quotients and thereby we determine the graded Betti numbers and the bigraded Poincaré series. A characterization of the extremal Betti numbers of such a class of ideals is given. Finally, we classify all Cohen-Macaulay vector-spread Borel ideals.
Fix a poset $Q$ on $\{x_1,\ldots,x_n\}$. A $Q$-Borel monomial ideal $I \subseteq \mathbb{K}[x_1,\ldots,x_n]$ is a monomial ideal whose monomials are closed under the Borel-like moves induced by $Q$. A monomial ideal $I$ is a principal $Q$-Borel ideal, denoted $I=Q(m)$, if there is a monomial $m$ such that all the minimal generators of $I$ can be obtained via $Q$-Borel moves from $m$. In this paper we study powers of principal $Q$-Borel ideals. Among our results, we show that all powers of $Q(m)$ agree with their symbolic powers, and that the ideal $Q(m)$ satisfies the persistence property for …
We express the Partial regularities and $a^*$-invariants of a Borel type ideal in terms of its irredundant irreducible decomposition. In addition we consider the behaviours of those invariants under intersections and sums.
In this paper we use some results related to regularity, Betti numbers and reduction of generic initial ideals, showing their stability in passing from an ideal to its initial ideal if the last has some simple properties.
We define the reduced horseshoe resolution and the notion of conjoined pairs of ideals in order to study the minimal graded free resolution of a class of p-Borel ideals and recover Pardue's regularity formula for them. It will follow from our technique that the graded betti numbers of these ideals do not depend on the characteristic of the base field k.
An equigenerated monomial ideal $I$ is a Freiman ideal if $μ(I^2)=\ell(I)μ(I)-{\ell(I)\choose 2}$ where $\ell(I)$ is the analytic spread of $I$ and $μ(I)$ is the least number of monomial generators of $I$. Freiman ideals are special since there exists an exact formula computing the least number of monomial generators of any of their powers. In this paper we give a complete classification of Freiman $t$-spread principal Borel ideals.
Fix a square-free monomial $m \in S = \mathbb{K}[x_1,\ldots,x_n]$. The square-free principal Borel ideal generated by $m$, denoted ${\rm sfBorel}(m)$, is the ideal generated by all the square-free monomials that can be obtained via Borel moves from the monomial $m$. We give upper and lower bounds for the Waldschmidt constant of ${\rm sfBorel}(m)$ in terms of the support of $m$, and in some cases, exact values. For any rational $\frac{a}{b} \geq 1$, we show that there exists a square-free principal Borel ideal with Waldschmidt constant equal to $\frac{a}{b}$.
We study a large family of products of Borel fixed ideals of maximal minors. We compute their initial ideals and primary decompositions, and show that they have linear free resolutions. The main tools are an extension of straightening law and a very surprising primary decomposition formula. We study also the homological properties of associated multi-Rees algebra which are shown to be Cohen-Macaulay, Koszul and defined by a Gröbner basis of quadrics.
We prove that the Eliahou-Kervaire resolution of a Cohen-Macaulay stable monomial is supported by a regular CW complex whose underlying space is a closed ball. We also show that the modified Eliahou-Kervaire resolutions of variants of a Borel fixed ideal (e.g., a squarefree strongly stable ideal) are supported by regular CW complexes, and their underlying spaces are closed balls in the Cohen-Macaulay case.
In this paper, we show that the regularity of the q-th quasi-symbolic power $I^{((q))}$ and the regularity of the $q$-th bracket power $I^{[q]}$ of a monomial ideal of Borel type $I$, satisfy the relations $reg(I^{((q))})\leq q \cdot reg(I)$, respectively $reg(I^{[q]})\geq q\cdot reg(I)$. Also, we give an upper bound for $reg(I^{[q]})$.
For a monomial ideal $I$ of a polynomial ring $S$, a "polarization" of $I$ is a \textit{squarefree} monomial ideal $J$ of a larger polynomial ring $S'$ such that $S/I$ is a quotient of $S'/J$ by a regular sequence (consisting of degree 1 elements). We show that a Borel fixed ideal admits a "non-standard" polarization. For example, while the standard polarization sends $xy^2 \in S$ to $x_1y_1y_2 \in S'$, ours sends it to $x_1y_2y_3$. Using this idea, we recover/refine the results on "squarefree operation" in the shifting theory of simplicial complexes. The present paper generalizes a result of …
We construct an Eliahou-Kervaire-like minimal free resolution of the alternative polarization $b-pol(I)$ of a Borel fixed ideal $I$. It yields new descriptions of the minimal free resolutions of $I$ itself and $I^sq$, where $(-)^sq$ is the squarefree operation in the shifting theory. These resolutions are cellular, and the (common) supporting cell complex is given by discrete Morse theory. If $I$ is generated in one degree, our description is equivalent to that of Nagel and Reiner.
We introduce the notion of Q-Borel ideals: ideals which are closed under the Borel moves arising from a poset Q. We study decompositions and homological properties of these ideals, and offer evidence that they interpolate between Borel ideals and arbitrary monomial ideals.
We prove that $t$-spread principal Borel ideals are sequentially Cohen-Macaulay and study their powers. We show that these ideals possess the strong persistence property and compute their limit depth.
In this paper, we show for a monomial ideal $I$ of $K[x_1,x_2,\ldots,x_n]$ that the integral closure $\ol{I}$ is a monomial ideal of Borel type (Borel-fixed, strongly stable, lexsegment, or universal lexsegment respectively), if $I$ has the same property. We also show that the $k^{th}$ symbolic power $I^{(k)}$ of $I$ preserves the properties of Borel type, Borel-fixed and strongly stable, and $I^{(k)}$ is lexsegment if $I$ is stably lexsegment. For a monomial ideal $I$ and a monomial prime ideal $P$, a new ideal $J(I, P)$ is studied, which also gives a clear description of the primary decompos…
We introduce a new class of monomial ideals, called strong Borel type ideals, and we compute the Mumford-Castelnouvo regularity for principal strong Borel type ideals. Also, we describe the d-fixed ideals generated by powers of variables and we compute their regularity.
We investigate Borel ideals on the Hilbert scheme components of arithmetically Cohen-Macaulay (ACM) codimension two schemes in P^n. We give a basic necessary criterion for a Borel ideal to be on such a component. Then considering ACM curves in P^3 on a quadric we compute in several examples all the Borel ideals on their Hilbert scheme component. Based on this we conjecture which Borel ideals are on such a component, and for a range of Borel ideals we prove that they are on the component.
In this note we provide a counter-example to a conjecture of K. Pardue [Thesis, Brandeis University, 1994.], which asserts that if a monomial ideal is $p$-Borel-fixed, then its $\naturals$-graded Betti table, after passing to any field does not depend on the field. More precisely, we show that, for any monomial ideal $I$ in a polynomial ring $S$ over the ring $\ints$ of integers and for any prime number $p$, there is a $p$-Borel-fixed monomial $S$-ideal $J$ such that a region of the multigraded Betti table of $J(S \otimes_\ints \ell)$ is in one-to-one correspondence with the multigraded Betti …
The present paper investigates properties of quasi-stable ideals and of Borel-fixed ideals in a polynomial ring $k[x_0,\dots,x_n]$, in order to design two algorithms: the first one takes as input $n$ and an admissible Hilbert polynomial $P(z)$, and outputs the complete list of saturated quasi-stable ideals in the chosen polynomial ring with the given Hilbert polynomial. The second algorithm has an extra input, the characteristic of the field $k$, and outputs the complete list of saturated Borel-fixed ideals in $k[x_0,\dots,x_n]$ with Hilbert polynomial $P(z)$. The key tool for the proof of bot…
In this paper, we introduce the multigraded modules of Borel type and extend several results from the theory of ideals of Borel type. We prove that modules of Borel type are sequentially Cohen Macaulay and pretty clean. Also, we give a formula for the regularity of modules of Borel type.
Let $M$ and $N$ be two monomials of the same degree, and let $I$ be the smallest Borel ideal containing $M$ and $N$. We show that the toric ring of $I$ is Koszul by constructing a quadratic Gröbner basis for the associated toric ideal. Our proofs use the construction of graphs corresponding to fibers of the toric map. As a consequence, we conclude that the Rees algebra is also Koszul.
The aim of this paper is to study the relationship between reduction numbers and Borel-fixed ideals in all characteristics. By definition, Borel-fixed ideals are closed under certain specializations which is similar to the strong stability. We will estimate the number of monomials which can be specialized to a given monomial. As a consequence, we obtain a combinatorial version of the well-known Eakin-Sathaye's theorem which bounds the reduction number in terms of the Hilbert function. Furthermore, we show that the bound of Eakin-Sathaye's theorem is attained by the reduction number of a lex-se…
We extend the recent classification of Hilbert schemes with two Borel-fixed points to arbitrary characteristic. We accomplish this by synthesizing Reeves' algorithm for generating strongly stable ideals with the basic properties of Borel-fixed ideals and our previous work classifying Hilbert schemes with unique Borel-fixed points.
Given a monomial $m$ in a polynomial ring and a subset $L$ of the variables of the polynomial ring, the principal $L$-Borel ideal generated by $m$ is the ideal generated by all monomials which can be obtained from $m$ by successively replacing variables of $m$ by those which are in $L$ and have smaller index. Given a collection $\mathcal{I}=\{I_1,\ldots,I_r\}$ where $I_i$ is $L_i$-Borel for $i=1,\ldots,r$ (where the subsets $L_1,\ldots,L_r$ may be different for each ideal), we prove in essence that if the bipartite incidence graph among the subsets $L_1,\ldots,L_r$ is chordal bipartite, then t…
Borel-fixed ideals play a key role in the study of Hilbert schemes. Indeed each component and each intersection of components of a Hilbert scheme contains at least one Borel-fixed point, i.e. a point corresponding to a subscheme defined by a Borel-fixed ideal. Moreover Borel-fixed ideals have good combinatorial properties, which make them very interesting in an algorithmic perspective. In this paper, we propose an implementation of the algorithm computing all the saturated Borel-fixed ideals with number of variables and Hilbert polynomial assigned, introduced from a theoretical point of view i…
It gives a class of $p$-Borel principal ideals of a polynomial algebra over a field $K$ for which the graded Betti numbers do not depend on the characteristic of $K$ and the Koszul homology modules have monomial cyclic basis. Also it shows that all principal $p$-Borel ideals have binomial cycle basis on Koszul homology modules.
We study the set of circuits of a homogeneous ideal and that of its truncations, and introduce the notion of generic circuits set. We show how this is a well-defined invariant that can be used, in the case of initial ideals with respect to weights, as a counterpart of the (usual) generic initial ideal with respect to monomial orders. As an application we recover the existence of the generic fan introduced by Römer and Schmitz for studying generic tropical varieties. We also consider general initial ideals with respect to weights and show, in analogy to the fact that generic initial ideals are …
We use the notion of Borel generators to give alternative methods for computing standard invariants, such as associated primes, Hilbert series, and Betti numbers, of Borel ideals. Because there are generally few Borel generators relative to ordinary generators, this enables one to do manual computations much more easily. Moreover, this perspective allows us to find new connections to combinatorics involving Catalan numbers and their generalizations. We conclude with a surprising result relating the Betti numbers of certain principal Borel ideals to the number of pointed pseudo-triangulations o…
We characterize Hilbert polynomials that give rise to Hilbert schemes with two Borel-fixed points and determine when the associated Hilbert schemes or their irreducible components are smooth. In particular, we show that the Hilbert scheme is reduced and has at most two irreducible components. By describing the singularities in a neighbourhood of the Borel-fixed points, we prove that the irreducible components are Cohen-Macaulay and normal. We end by giving many examples of Hilbert schemes with three Borel-fixed points.
In this paper, we extend a result of Eisenbud-Reeves-Totaro in the frame of ideals of Borel type. As a consequence, we obtain a linear upper bound for the regularity of a new class of ideals, called $\mathcal D$-fixed ideals.
In the first chapter we present new results related on monomial ideals of Borel type. Also, we introduce a new class of monomial ideals, called $\de$-fixed ideals, which generalize the class of $p$-Borel ideals and we extend several results to this new class. In the second chapter, we compute the generic initial ideal, with repect to the reverse lexicographic order, of an ideal which define a complete intersection of embedding dimension three with strong Lefschetz property and we show that it is an almost reverse lexicographic ideal. This enable us to give a proof for Moreno's conjecture in th…
Given an ideal $I$ and a weight vector $w$ which partially orders monomials we can consider the initial ideal $\init_w (I)$ which has the same Hilbert function. A well known construction carries this out via a one-parameter subgroup of a $\GL_{n+1}$ which can then be viewed as a curve on the corresponding Hilbert scheme. Galligo \cite{galligo} proved that if $I$ is in generic coordinates, and if $w$ induces a monomial order up to a large enough degree, then $\init_w(I)$ is fixed by the action of the Borel subgroup of upper-triangular matrices. We prove that the direction the path approaches th…
In this paper we study the Freiman inequality for the minimal number of generators of the square of an equigenerated monomial ideal. Such an ideal is called a Freiman ideal if equality holds in the Freiman inequality. We classify all Freiman ideals of maximal height, the Freiman ideals of certain classes of principal Borel ideals, the Hibi ideals which are Freiman, and classes of Veronese type ideals which are Freiman.
The Non-Pure Dual Exchange Property in Low Dimensions
Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS)（基础科学高等研究院）；Lahore University of Management Sciences（拉合尔管理科学大学）；Osaka Institute of Technology（大阪工业大学）
In this paper, our main focus is to explore different classes of nearly normally torsion-free ideals. We first characterize all finite simple connected graphs with nearly normally torsion-free cover ideals. Next, we characterize all normally torsion-free $t$-spread principal Borel ideals that can also be viewed as edge ideals of uniform multipartite hypergraphs.
In this paper, we introduce a new class of monomial ideals, called $d$-fixed ideals, which generalize the class of $p$-Borel ideals and show how some results for $p$-Borel ideals can be transfered to this new class. In particular, we give the form of a principal $d$-fixed ideal and we compute the socle of factors of these ideals. This allowed us to give a generalization of Pardue's formula,i.e. a formula of the regularity for a principal $d$-fixed ideal.
In this paper, we survey the theory of Cartwright-Sturmfels ideals. These are Z^n-graded ideals, whose multigraded generic initial ideal is radical. Cartwright-Sturmfels ideals have surprising properties, mostly stemming from the fact that their Hilbert scheme only contains one Borel-fixed point. This has consequences, e.g., on their universal Groebner bases and on the family of their initial ideals. In this paper, we discuss several known classes of Cartwright-Sturmfels ideals and we find a new one. Among determinantal ideals of same-size minors of a matrix of variables and Schubert determina…
Using results obtained from the study of homogeneous ideals sharing the same initial ideal with respect to some term order, we prove the singularity of the point corresponding to a segment ideal with respect to the revlex term order in the Hilbert scheme of points in $\mathbb{P}^n$. In this context, we look inside properties of several types of "segment" ideals that we define and compare. This study led us to focus our attention also to connections between the shape of generators of Borel ideals and the related Hilbert polynomial, providing an algorithm for computing all saturated Borel ideals…
Let $S$ be a polynomial ring in $n$ variables over a field. Let $I$ be a homogeneous ideal in $S$ generated by forms of degree at most $d$ with $\text{dim}(S/I)=r$. In the first part of this paper, we show how to derive from a result of Hoa an upper bound for the regularity of $\sqrt{I}$. More specifically we show that $\text{reg}(\sqrt{I})\leq d^{(n-1)2^{r-1}}$. In the second part, we show that the $r$-th arithmetic degree of $I$ is bounded above by $2\cdot d^{2^{n-r-1}}$. This is done by proving upper bounds for arithmetic degrees of strongly stable ideals and ideals of Borel type.
In this paper we introduce an effective method to construct rational deformations between couples of Borel-fixed ideals. These deformations are governed by flat families, so that they correspond to rational curves on the Hilbert scheme. Looking globally at all the deformations among Borel-fixed ideals defining points on the same Hilbert scheme, we are able to give a new proof of the connectedness of the Hilbert scheme and to introduce a new criterion to establish whenever a set of points defined by Borel ideals lies on a common component of the Hilbert scheme. The paper contains a detailed alg…
The purpose of this note is to introduce a multiplication on the set of homogeneous polynomials of fixed degree d, in a way to provide a duality theory between monomial ideals of K[x_1,\ldots,x_d] generated in degrees \leq n and block stable ideals (a class of ideals containing the Borel fixed ones) of K[x_1,\ldots,x_n] generated in degree d. As a byproduct we give a new proof of the characterization of Betti tables of ideals with linear resolution given by Murai.
In this paper, we will give some geometric results using generic initial ideals for the degree reverse lex order. The first application is to the regularity of a Cohen-Macaulay algebra, and we improve a well-known bound. The main goal of the paper, though, is to improve on results of Bigatti, Geramita and Migliore concerning geometric consequences of maximal growth of the Hilbert function of the Artinian reduction of a set of points. When the points have the Uniform Position Property, the consequences they gave are even more striking. Here we weaken the growth condition, assuming only that the…
In this PhD thesis we propose an algorithmic approach to the study of the Hilbert scheme. Developing algorithmic methods, we also obtain general results about Hilbert schemes. In Chapter 1 we discuss the equations defining the Hilbert scheme as subscheme of a suitable Grassmannian and in Chapter 5 we determine a new set of equations of degree lower than the degree of equations known so far. In Chapter 2 we study the most important objects used to project algorithmic techniques, namely Borel-fixed ideals. We determine an algorithm computing all the saturated Borel-fixed ideals with Hilbert poly…
