Eric Jespers, David Riley, Salvatore Siciliano
An algebra is called a GI-algebra if its group of units satisfies a group identity. We provide positive support for the following two open problems. 1. Does every algebraic GI-algebra satisfy a polynomial identity? 2. Is every algebraically generated GI-algebra locally finite?
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Let L be a restricted Lie algebra over a field of characteristic p > 2 and denote by u(L) its restricted enveloping algebra. We determine the conditions under which the set of symmetric elements of u(L) with respect to the principal involution is Lie solvable, Lie nilpotent, or bounded Lie Engel.
For a restricted Lie algebra $L$, the conditions under which its restricted enveloping algebra $u(L)$ is semiperfect are investigated. Moreover, it is proved that $u(L)$ is left (or right) perfect if and only if $L$ is finite-dimensional.
Let $L$ be a restricted Lie algebra over a field of characteristic $p>2$ and denote by $u(L)$ its restricted enveloping algebra. We establish when the symmetric or skew elements of $u(L)$ under the principal involution are Lie metabelian.
Let L be a restricted Lie algebra over a field of positive characteristic. We survey the known results about the Lie structure of the restricted enveloping algebra u(L) of L. Related results about the structure of the group of units and the symmetric and skew-symmetric elements of u(L) are also discussed. Moreover, a new theorem about an upper bound for the Lie nilpotency class of u(L) is proved.
Let $L$ be a restricted Lie algebra over a field of positive characteristic. We prove that the restricted enveloping algebra of $L$ is a principal ideal ring if and only if $L$ is an extension of a finite-dimensional torus by a cyclic restricted Lie algebra.
This is a short survey of works on identical relations in group rings, enveloping algebras, Poisson symmetric algebras and other related algebraic structures. First, the classical work of Passman specified group rings that satisfy nontrivial identical relations. This result was an origin and motivation of close research projects. Second, Latyshev and Bahturin determined Lie algebras such that their universal enveloping algebra satisfies a non-trivial identical relation. Next, Passman and Petrogradsky solved a similar problem in case of restricted enveloping algebras. Third, Farkas started to s…
Let L be a Lie superalgebra over a fled of characteristic p\neq 2 with enveloping algebra U(L) or let L be a restricted Lie superalgebra over a field of characteristic p > 2 with restricted enveloping algebra u(L). In this note, we establish when u(L) or U(L) is bounded Lie Engel.
Let L be a restricted Lie superalgebra with its enveloping algebra u(L) over a field F of characteristic p>2. A polynomial identity is called non-matrix if it is not satisfied by the algebra of 2\times 2 matrices over F. We characterize L when u(L) satisfies a non-matrix polynomial identity. In particular, we characterize L when u(L) is Lie solvable, Lie nilpotent, or Lie super-nilpotent.
Lie-Rinehart algebras, also known as Lie algebroids, give rise to Hopf algebroids by a universal enveloping algebra construction, much as the universal enveloping algebra of an ordinary Lie algebra gives a Hopf algebra, of infinite dimension. In finite characteristic, the universal enveloping algebra of a restricted Lie algebra admits a quotient Hopf algebra which is finite-dimensional if the Lie algebra is. Rumynin has shown that suitably defined restricted Lie algebroids allow to define restricted universal enveloping algebras that are finitely generated projective if the Lie algebroid is. T…
Let L be a restricted Lie superalgebra with its restricted enveloping algebra u(L) over a field F of characteristic p>2. A polynomial identity is called non-matrix if it is not satisfied by the algebra of 2\times 2 matrices over F. We characterize L when u(L) satisfies a non-matrix polynomial identity.
We study the problem of the existence of filtered multiplicative bases of a restricted enveloping algebra u(L), where L is a finite-dimensional and p-nilpotent restricted Lie algebra over a field of positive characteristic p.
By means of graphical calculus we prove that, over fields of characteristic zero, any bialgebra deformation of the universal enveloping algebra of the algebra of traceless octonions satisfying the dual of the left and right Moufang identities must be coassociative and cocommutative.
Let K be a field of positive characteristic p, let R be either a group algebra K[G] or a restricted enveloping algebra u(L), and let I be the augmentation ideal of R. We first characterize those R for which I satisfies a polynomial identity not satisfied by the algebra of all 2-by-2 matrices over K. Then we examine those R for which I satisfies a semigroup identity (that is, a polynomial identity which can be written as the difference of two monomials).
Let $L$ and $H$ be finite-dimensional restricted Lie algebras over a perfect field $\F$ such that $u(L)\cong u(H)$, where $u(L)$ is the restricted enveloping algebra of $L$. We prove that if $L$ is $p$-nilpotent and abelian, then $L\cong H$. We deduce that if $L$ is abelian and $\F$ is algebraically closed, then $L\cong H$. We use these results to prove the main result of this paper stating that if $L$ is $p$-nilpotent, then $L/L'^p+γ_3(L)\cong H/H'^p+γ_3(H)$.
Lie solvable restricted enveloping algebras were characterized by Riley and Shalev except when the ground field is of characteristic 2. We resolve the characteristic 2 case here which completes the classification. As an application of our result, we obtain a characterization of ordinary Lie algebras over any field whose enveloping algebra is Lie solvable.
Non-isomorphic restricted Lie algebras with isomorphic restricted enveloping algebras
对于特征p的域F，构造了非同构的有限维p-幂零限制李代数对，其限制包络代数同构，否定回答了限制同构问题。
We construct an integral form for the universal enveloping algebra of the Onsager algebra and an explicit integral basis for this integral form. We also formulate straightening identities among some products of basis elements.
In this paper we prove that in prime characteristic there is a functor $-_{p-Leib}$ from the category of diassociative algebras to the category of restricted Leibniz algebras, generalizing the functor from associative algebras to restricted Lie algebras. Moreover we define the notion of restricted universal enveloping diassociative algebra $Ud_{p}(g)$ of a restricted Leibniz algebra $g$ and we show that $Ud_{p}$ is left adjoint to the functor $-_{p-Leib}$. We also construct the restricted enveloping algebra, which classifies the restricted Leibniz modules. In the last section we put a restrict…
Let $L$ be a Lie algebra with its enveloping algebra $U(L)$ over a field. In this paper we survey results concerning the isomorphism problem for enveloping algebras: given another Lie algebra $H$ for which $U(L)$ and $U(H)$ are isomorphic as associative algebras, can we deduce that $L$ and $H$ are isomorphic Lie algebras? Over a field of positive characteristic we consider a similar problem for restricted Lie algebras, that is, given restricted Lie algebras $L$ and $H$ for which their restricted enveloping algebras are isomorphic as algebras, can we deduce that $L$ and $H$ are isomorphic?
We consider the super Jordan plane, a braided Hopf algebra introduced--to the best of our knowledge--in works of N. Andruskiewitsch, I. Angiono, I. Heckenberger, and its restricted version in odd characteristic introduced by the same authors. We show that their Drinfeld doubles give rise naturally to Hopf superalgebras justifying a posteriori the adjective super given in their work. These Hopf superalgebras are extensions of super commutative ones by the enveloping, respectively restricted enveloping, algebra of $\mathfrak{osp}(1|2)$.
In this dissertation, we investigate the cohomology theory of restricted Lie algebras. The representation theory of restricted Lie algebras is reviewed including a description of the restricted universal enveloping algebra. In the case of an abelian restricted Lie algebra, we construct an augmented complex of free modules over the enveloping algebra that is exact in dimensions less than p and hence define the cohomology theory of these algebras in dimension less than p. In the non-abelian case, we explicitly construct cochain spaces for any coefficient module in dimensions less than 3, and giv…
We continue our investigation of the general notion of universal enveloping algebra introduced in [A. Ardizzoni, \emph{A Milnor-Moore Type Theorem for Primitively Generated Braided Bialgebras}, J. Algebra \textbf{327} (2011), no. 1, 337--365]. Namely we study when such an algebra is of PBW type, meaning that a suitable PBW type theorem holds. We discuss the problem of finding a basis for a universal enveloping algebra of PBW type: As an application we recover the PBW basis both of an ordinary universal enveloping algebra and of a restricted enveloping algebra. We prove that a universal envelop…
Beck modules and alternative algebras
本文在一个代数簇中建立了Beck模的一般理论，将其描述为泛包络含幺结合代数上的模，发展了非交换偏微分理论，并确定了齐次交错代数情形下泛包络代数的Poincaré多项式。
Jacobson identities for post-Lie algebras in positive characteristic
本文研究了正特征下后李代数的雅可比恒等式，通过构造子邻近p-结构，探讨了受限李代数的条件，并引入受限后李代数的概念。
Let $\Bbbk$ be a base field of characteristic $p>0$ and let $U$ be the restricted enveloping algebra of a 2-dimensional nonabelian restricted Lie algebra. We classify all inner-faithful $U$-actions on noetherian Koszul Artin-Schelter regular algebras of global dimension up to three.
In prime characteristic we introduce the notion of restricted pre-Lie algebras. We prove in the pre-Lie context the analogue to Jacobson's theorem for restricted Lie algebras. In particular, we prove that any dendriform algebra over a field of positive characteristic is a restricted pre-Lie algebra. Thus we obtain that Rota-Baxter algebras and quasitriangular algebras are restricted pre-Lie algebras. Moreover, we prove that the free $Γ(\calligra{preLie})$-algebra is a restricted pre-Lie algebra, where $\calligra{preLie}$ denotes the pre-Lie operad. Finally, we define the notion of restricted e…
A famous result of Kostant states that the universal enveloping algebra of a semisimple complex Lie algebra is a free module over its center. We prove an analogue of this result for a class of filtered algebras and apply it to show the freeness over its center of the restricted Yangian and the universal enveloping algebra of the restricted current algebra associated with the general linear Lie algebra.
We compute the structure of the cohomology ring for the quantized enveloping algebra (quantum group) $U_q$ associated to a finite-dimensional simple complex Lie algebra $\mathfrak{g}$. We show that the cohomology ring is generated as an exterior algebra by homogeneous elements in the same odd degrees as generate the cohomology ring for the Lie algebra $\mathfrak{g}$. Partial results are also obtained for the cohomology rings of the non-restricted quantum groups obtained from $U_q$ by specializing the parameter $q$ to a non-zero value $ε\in \mathbb{C}$.
In this paper we study the growth of the differential identities of some algebras with derivations, i.e., associative algebras where a Lie algebra $L$ (and its universal enveloping algebra $U(L)$) acts on them by derivations. In particular, we study in detail the differential identities and the cocharacter sequences of some algebras whose sequence of differential codimensions has polynomial growth. Moreover, we shall give a complete description of the differential identities of the algebra $UT_2$ of $2\times 2$ upper triangular matrices endowed with all possible action of a Lie algebra by deri…
We classify all finite-dimensional connected Hopf algebras with large abelian primitive spaces. We show that they are Hopf algebra extensions of restricted enveloping algebras of certain restricted Lie algebras. For any abelian matched pair associated with these extensions, we construct a cohomology group, which classifies all the extensions up to equivalence. Moreover, we present a $1$-$1$ correspondence between the isomorphism classes and a group quotient of the cohomology group deleting some exceptional points, where the group respects the automorphisms of the abelian matched pair and the e…
We describe relations between maximal subfields in a division ring and in its rational extensions. More precisely, we prove that properties such as being Galois or purely inseparable over the centre generically carry over from one to another. We provide an application to enveloping skewfields in positive characteristics. Namely, there always exist two maximal subfields of the enveloping skewfield of a solvable Lie algebra, such that one is Galois and the second purely inseparable of exponent 1 over the centre. This extends results of Schue in the restricted case. Along the way we provide a des…
In 1971 Kac and Weisfeiler made two important conjectures regarding the representation theory of restricted Lie algebras over fields of positive characteristic. The first of these predicts the maximal dimension of the simple modules, and can be stated without the hypothesis that the Lie algebra is restricted. In this short article we construct the first example of a non-restricted Lie algebra for which the prediction of the first Kac--Weisfeiler conjecture fails. Our method is to present pairs of Lie algebras which have isomorphic enveloping algebras but distinct indexes.
Differential identities and polynomial growth of the codimensions
本文研究李代数通过导子作用于结合代数形成的L-代数，在微分余维数序列多项式有界的条件下刻画其微分恒等式理想，并进一步刻画微分余特征重数被常数界定的情形。
Let $\mathfrak g = \mathfrak{gl}_N(k)$, where $k$ is an algebraically closed field of characteristic $p > 0$, and $N \in \mathbb Z_{\ge 1}$. Let $χ\in \mathfrak g^*$ and denote by $U_χ(\mathfrak g)$ the corresponding reduced enveloping algebra. The Kac--Weisfeiler conjecture, which was proved by Premet, asserts that any finite dimensional $U_χ(\mathfrak g)$-module has dimension divisible by $p^{d_χ}$, where $d_χ$ is half the dimension of the coadjoint orbit of $χ$. Our main theorem gives a classification of $U_χ(\mathfrak g)$-modules of dimension $p^{d_χ}$. As a consequence, we deduce that the…
Graded identities of the first Weyl algebra and its generalizations
研究无限域上第一Weyl代数W1的分次多项式恒等式，构造其Z-分次恒等式的基（仅含一个恒等式），并推广到多种代数，如分次Galois环、量子Weyl代数、量子平面及sl_2的泛包络代数。
Polyhedral products, graph products and p-central series
本研究建立拓扑空间多面体乘积与群图乘积的联系，将多面体乘积的环路同调代数等同于图乘积中心序列相关李代数的泛包络代数，并应用于直角Coxeter群的下2-中心序列相关限制李代数的描述与对应泛包络代数的等同。
Restricted (Relative) Rota-Baxter operators on restricted Lie algebras and restricted Lie triple systems and related structures
本文在受限李代数和受限李三系上定义并研究受限Rota-Baxter算子，证明pre-Lie三系operad是Lie三系operad的split，并在正特征下证明Jacobson恒等式成立，进而引入受限pre-Lie三系。
Iterated Hopf Ore extensions (IHOEs) over an algebraically closed base field k of positive characteristic p are studied. We show that every IHOE over k satisfies a polynomial identity, with PI-degree a power of p, and that it is a filtered deformation of a commutative polynomial ring. We classify all 2-step IHOEs over k, thus generalising the classification of 2-dimensional connected unipotent algebraic groups over k. Further properties of 2-step IHOEs are described: for example their simple modules are classified, and every 2-step IHOE is shown to possess a large Hopf center and hence an anal…
A conjecture by the second author, proven by Bonnafé-Rouquier, says that the multiplicity matrix for baby Verma modules over the restricted rational Cherednik algebra has rank one over $\mathbb{Q}$ when restricted to each block of the algebra. In this paper, we show that if $H$ is a prime algebra that is a free Frobenius extension over a regular central subalgebra $R$, and the centre of $H$ is normal Gorenstein, then each central quotient $A$ of $H$ by a maximal ideal $\mathfrak{m}$ of $R$ satisfies the rank one property with respect to the Cartan matrix of $A$. Examples where the result is ap…
Hamiltonian and Lagrangian formalisms of mutations in cluster algebras and application to dilogarithm identities
本文以正则变量建立簇代数变异的哈密顿与拉格朗日形式，分别联系 Euler 与 Rogers 双对数，并据此解释变异周期对应的双对数恒等式。
Formal proofs of operator identities by a single formal computation
本文提出通过验证多项式与标记箭图的相容性，在非交换多项式环中证明算子恒等式，并允许用同一不定元建模算子的不同版本。
We give functorial recipes to get, out of any Hopf algebra over a field, two pairs of Hopf algebras which have some geometrical content. When the ground field has characteristic zero, the first pair is made by a function algebra over a connected Poisson group and a universal enveloping algebra over a Lie bialgebra. In addition, the Poisson group as a variety is an affine space, and the Lie bialgebra as a Lie algebra is graded. Forgetting these last details, the second pair is of the same type. When the Hopf algebra H we start from is already of geometric type the result involves Poisson dualit…
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