For a Lie groupoid there is an analytic index morphism which takes values in the $K-$theory of the $C^*$-algebra associated to the groupoid. This is a good invariant but extracting numerical invariants from it, with the existent tools, is very difficult. In this work, we define another analytic index morphism associated to a Lie groupoid; this one takes values in a group that allows us to do pairings with cyclic cocycles. This last group is related to the compactly supported functions on the groupoid. We use the tangent groupoid to define our index as a sort of ''deformation''.
We develop a local index theory for Fourier-integral operators associated to non-proper and non-isometric actions of Lie groupoids on smooth submersions. To such action is associated a short exact sequence of algebras, relating genuine Fourier-integral operators to their non-commutative symbol. We then compute the connecting map induced by this extension on periodic cyclic cohomology. When cyclic cohomology is localized at appropriate isotropic submanifolds of the groupoid in question, we find that the connecting map is expressed in terms of an explicit Wodzicki-type residue formula, which inv…
We compute explicitly the K-groups of some boundary groupoid C*-algebras with exponential isotropy subgroups. Then we derive index formulas that computes the K-theoretic and Fredholm indexes of elliptic (respectively totally elliptic) pseudo-differential operators on these groupoids.
In this paper, we define and investigate the properties of continuous family groupoids. This class of groupoids is necessary for investigating the groupoid index theory arising from the equivariant Atiyah-Singer index theorem for families, and is also required in noncommutative geometry. The class includes that of Lie groupoids, and the paper shows that, like Lie groupoids, continuous family groupoids always admit (an essentially unique) continuous left Haar system of smooth measures. We also show that the action of a continuous family groupoid $G$ on a continuous family $G$-space fibered over…
In this paper we construct an explicit quasi-isomorphism to study the cyclic cohomology of a deformation quantization over a riemannian étale groupoid. Such a quasi-isomorphism allows us to propose a general algebraic index problem for riemannian étale groupoids. We discuss solutions to that index problem when the groupoid is proper or defined by a constant Dirac structure on a 3-dim torus.
The paper constructs the analytic index for an elliptic pseudodifferential family of $L^{m}_{ρ,\de}$-operators invariant under the proper action of a continuous family groupoid on a $G$-compact, $C^{\infty,0}$ $G$-space.
We revisit the cohomological index theorem for elliptic elements in the universal enveloping algebra of a Lie groupoid previously proved by the authors. We prove a Thom isomorphism for Lie algebroids which enables us to rewrite the "topological side" of the index theorem. This results in index formulae for Lie groupoid analogues of the familiar geometric operators on manifolds such as the signature and Dirac operator expressed in terms of the usual characteristic classes in Lie algebroid cohomology.
Given a proper, cocompact action of a Lie groupoid, we define a higher index pairing between invariant elliptic differential operators and smooth groupoid cohomology classes. We prove a cohomological index formula for this pairing by applying the van Est map and algebraic index theory. Finally we discuss in examples the meaning of the index pairing and our index formula.
Many index theorems (both classical and in noncommutative geometry) can be interpreted in terms of a Lie groupoid acting properly on a manifold and leaving an elliptic family of pseudodifferential operators invariant. Alain Connes in his book raised the question of an index theorem in this general context. In this paper, an analytic index for many such situations is constructed. The approach is inspired by the classical families theorem of Atiyah and Singer, and the proof generalizes, to the case of proper Lie groupoid actions, some of the results proved for proper locally compact group action…
Many index theorems (both classical and in noncommutative geometry) can be interpreted in terms of a Lie groupoid acting properly on a manifold and leaving an elliptic family of pseudodifferential operators invariant. Alain Connes in his book raised the question of an index theorem in this general context. In this paper, an analytic index for many such situations is constructed. The approach is inspired by the classical families theorem of Atiyah and Singer, and the proof generalizes, to the case of proper Lie groupoid actions, some of the results proved for proper locally compact group action…
We pursue the study of local index theory for operators of Fourier-integral type associated to non-proper and non-isometric actions of Lie groupoids, initiated in a previous work. We introduce the notion of geometric cocycles for Lie groupoids, which allow to represent fairly general cyclic cohomology classes of the convolution algebra of Lie groupoids localized at isotropic submanifolds. Then we compute the image of geometric cocycles localized at units under the excision map of the fundamental pseudodifferential extension. As an illustrative example, we prove an equivariant longitudinal inde…
We define the "localized index" of longitudinal elliptic operators on Lie groupoids associated to Lie algebroid cohomology classes. We derive a topological expression for these numbers using the algebraic index theorem for Poisson manifolds on the dual of the Lie algebroid. Underlying the definition and computation of the localized index, is an action of the Hopf algebroid of jets around the unit space, and the characteristic map it induces on Lie algebroid cohomology. This map can be globalized to differentiable groupoid cohomology, giving a definition as well as a computation of the "global …
The goal of this paper is to construct a calculus whose higher indices are naturally elements in the twisted K-theory groups for Lie groupoids. Given a Lie groupoid $G$ and a $PU(H)$-valued groupoid cocycle, we construct an algebra of projective pseudodifferential operators. The subalgebra of regularizing operators identifies with the naturally associated smooth convolution algebra of the associated twisted gerbe. We develop the associated symbolic calculus, symbol short exact sequences and existence of parametrices. In particular the algebra of projective operators appears as a quantization o…
For a Lie groupoid G with a twisting (a PU(H)-principal bundle over G), we use the (geometric) deformation quantization techniques supplied by Connes tangent groupoids to define an analytic index morphism in twisted K-theory. In the case the twisting is trivial we recover the analytic index morphism of the groupoid. For a smooth foliated manifold with twistings on the holonomy groupoid we prove the twisted analog of Connes-Skandalis longitudinal index theorem. When the foliation is given by fibers of a fibration, our index coincides with the one recently introduced by Mathai-Melrose-Singer. We…
For any Lie groupoid we construct an analytic index morphism taking values in a modified $K-theory$ group which involves the convolution algebra of compactly supported smooth functions over the groupoid. The construction is performed by using the deformation algebra of smooth functions over the tangent groupoid constructed in \cite{Ca2}. This allows in particular to prove a more primitive version of the Connes-Skandalis Longitudinal index Theorem for foliations, that is, an index theorem taking values in a group which pairs with Cyclic cocycles. As other application, for $D$ a $\gr-$PDO ellipt…
We introduce the dual Roe algebras for proper étale groupoid actions and deduce the expected Higson-Roe short exact sequence. When the action is cocompact, we show that the Roe $C^*$-ideal of locally compact operators is Morita equivalent to the reduced $C^*$-algebra of our groupoid, and we further identify the boundary map of the associated periodic six-term exact sequence with the Baum-Connes map, via a Paschke-Higson map for groupoids. For proper actions on continuous families of manifolds of bounded geometry, we associate with any $G$-equivariant Dirac-type family, a coarse index class whi…
We construct an algebra of smooth functions over the tangent groupoid associated to any Lie groupoid. This algebra is a field of algebras over the closed interval [0, 1] which fiber at zero is the algebra of Schwartz functions over the Lie algebroid, whereas any fiber out of zero is the convolution algebra of the initial groupoid. Our motivation comes from index theory for Lie groupoids. In fact, our construction gives an intermediate algebra between the enveloping C-algebra and the convolution algebra of compactly supported functions of the tangent groupoid; and it will allows us, in a furthe…
We present natural and general ways of building Lie groupoids, by using the classical procedures of blowups and of deformations to the normal cone. Our constructions are seen to recover many known ones involved in index theory. The deformation and blowup groupoids obtained give rise to several extensions of $C^*$-algebras and to full index problems. We compute the corresponding K-theory maps. Finally, the blowup of a manifold sitting in a transverse way in the space of objects of a Lie groupoid leads to a calculus, quite similar to the Boutet de Monvel calculus for manifolds with boundary.
Let $Γ$ be a discrete finitely generated group. Let $\hat{M}\to T$ be a $Γ$-equivariant fibration, with fibers diffeomorphic to a fixed even dimensional manifold with boundary $Z$. We assume that $Γ\to \hat{M}\to \hat{M}/Γ$ is a Galois covering of a compact manifold with boundary. Let $(D^+ (θ))_{θ\in T}$ be a $Γ$-equivariant family of Dirac-type operators. Under the assumption that the boundary family is $L^2$-invertible, we define an index class in the K-theory of the cross-product algebra, $K_0 (C^0 (T)\rtimes_r Γ)$. If, in addition, $Γ$ is of polynomial growth, we define higher indeces by …
We present a higher index theorem for a certain class of etale one-dimensional complex-analytic groupoids. The novelty is the use of the local anomaly formula established in a previous paper, which represents the bivariant Chern character of a quasihomomorphism as the chiral anomaly associated to a renormalized non-commutative chiral field theory. In the present situation the geometry is non-metric and the corresponding field theory can be renormalized in a purely conformal way, by exploiting the complex-analytic structure of the groupoid only. The index formula is automatically localized at t…
Using recently introduced Debord-Skandalis Blup's groupoids we study index theory for a compact foliated manifold with boundary inducing a foliation in its boundary. For this we consider first a blup groupoid whose Lie algebroid has sections consisting of vector fields tangent to the leaves in the interior and tangent to the leaves of the foliation in the boundary. In particular the holonomy $b$-groupoid allows us to consider the appropriate pseudodifferential calculus and the appropriate index problems. We further use the blup groupoids as the one above, and in particular its functoriality pr…
In this paper we study the Lie groupoids which appear in foliation theory. A foliation groupoid is a Lie groupoid which integrates a foliation, or, equivalently, whose anchor map is injective. The first theorem shows that, for a Lie groupoid G, the following are equivalent: - G is a foliation groupoid, - G has discrete isotropy groups, - G is Morita equivalent to an etale groupoid. Moreover, we show that among the Lie groupoids integrating a given foliation, the holonomy and the monodromy groupoids are extreme examples. The second theorem shows that the cyclic homology of convolution algebras …
In this paper we define K-theoretic secondary invariants attached to a Lie groupoid $G$. The K-theory of $C^*_r(G_{ad}^0)$ (where $G_{ad}^0$ is the adiabatic deformation $G$ restricted to the interval $[0,1)$) is the receptacle for K-theoretic secondary invariants. We give a Lie groupoid version of construction given by Piazza and Schick in the setting of the Coarse Geometry. Our construction directly generalises to more involved geometrical situation, such as foliations, well encoded by a Lie groupoid. Along the way we tackle the problem of producing a wrong-way functoriality between adiabati…
We define an analytic index and prove a topological index theorem for a non-compact manifold $M\_0$ with poly-cylindrical ends. We prove that an elliptic operator $P$ on $M\_0$ has an invertible perturbation $P+R$ by a lower order operator if an only if its analytic index vanishes. As an application, we determine the $K$-theory groups of groupoid $C^*$--algebras of manifolds with corners.
Let $\widetilde{X}$ be a smooth Riemannian manifold equipped with a proper, free, isometric and cocompact action of a discrete group $Γ$. In this paper we prove that the analytic surgery exact sequence of Higson-Roe for $\widetilde{X}$ is isomorphic to the exact sequence associated to the adiabatic deformation of the Lie groupoid $\widetilde{X}\times_Γ\widetilde{X}$. We then generalize this result to the context of smoothly stratified manifolds. Finally, we show, by means of the aforementioned isomorphism, that the $\varrho$-classes associated to a metric with positive scalar curvature defined…
Alternative titles of this paper would have been `Index theory without index' or `The Baum-Connes conjecture without Baum.' In 1989, Rieffel introduced an analytic version of deformation quantization based on the use of continuous fields of C*-algebras. We review how a wide variety of examples of such quantizations can be understood on the basis of a single lemma involving amenable groupoids. These include Weyl-Moyal quantization on manifolds, C*-algebras of Lie groups and Lie groupoids, and the E-theoretic version of the Baum-Connes conjecture for smooth groupoids as described by Connes in hi…
This paper is concerned with the localization of higher analytic indices for Lie groupoids. Let $\gr$ be a Lie groupoid with Lie algebroid $A\gr$. Let $τ$ be a (periodic) cyclic cocycle over the convolution algebra $\cg$. We say that $τ$ can be localized if there is a correspondence K^0(A^*\gr)\stackrel{Ind_τ}{\longrightarrow}\mathbb{C} satisfying $Ind_τ(a)=< ind D_a,τ>$ (Connes pairing). In this case, we call $Ind_τ$ the higher localized index associated to $τ$. In {Ca4} we use the algebra of functions over the tangent groupoid introduced in {Ca2}, which is in fact a strict deformation quanti…
We compute the $K$-theory of comparison $C^*$-algebra associated to a manifold with corners. These comparison algebras are an example of the abstract pseudodifferential algebras introduced by Connes and Moscovici \cite{M3}. Our calculation is obtained by showing that the comparison algebras are a homomorphic image of a groupoid $C^*$-algebra. We then prove an index theorem with values in the $K$-theory groups of the comparison algebra.
We examine the noncommutative index theory associated to the dynamics of a Delone set and the corresponding transversal groupoid. Our main motivation comes from the application to topological phases of aperiodic lattices and materials, and applies to invariants from tilings as well. Our discussion concerns semifinite index pairings, factorisation properties of Kasparov modules and the construction of unbounded Fredholm modules for lattices with finite local complexity.
We construct the geometric Baum-Connes assembly map for twisted Lie groupoids, that means for Lie groupoids together with a given groupoid equivariant $PU(H)-$principle bundle. The construction is based on the use of geometric deformation groupoids, these objects allow in particular to give a geometric construction of the associated pushforward maps and to establish the functoriality. The main results in this paper are to define the geometric twisted K-homology groups and to construct the assembly map. Even in the untwisted case the fact that the geometric twisted K-homology groups and the geo…
We define the Simons-Sullivan differential analytic index by translating the Freed-Lott differential analytic index via explicit ring isomorphisms between Freed-Lott differential K-theory and Simons-Sullivan differential K-theory. We prove the differential Grothendieck-Riemann-Roch theorem in Simons-Sullivan differential K-theory using a theorem of Bismut.
Index maps taking values in the $K$-theory of a mapping cone are defined and discussed. The resulting index theorem can be viewed in analogy with the Freed-Melrose index theorem. The framework of geometric $K$-homology is used in a fundamental way. In particular, an explicit isomorphism from a geometric model for $K$-homology with coefficients in a mapping cone, $C_ϕ$, to $KK(C(X),C_ϕ)$ is constructed.
Topological degrees of continuous mappings between manifolds of even dimension are studied in terms of index theory of pseudo-differential operators. The index formalism of non-commutative geometry is used to derive analytic integral formulas for the index of a 0:th order pseudo-differential operator twisted by a Hölder continuous vector bundle. The index formula gives an analytic formula for the degree of a Hölder continuous mapping between even-dimensional manifolds. The paper is an independent continuation of the paper "Analytic formulas for topological degree of non-smooth mappings: the od…
The notion of topological degree is studied for mappings from the boundary of a relatively compact strictly pseudo-convex domain in a Stein manifold into a manifold in terms of index theory of Toeplitz operators on the Hardy space. The index formalism of non-commutative geometry is used to derive analytic integral formulas for the index of a Toeplitz operator with Hölder continuous symbol. The index formula gives an analytic formula for the degree of a Hölder continuous mapping from the boundary of a strictly pseudo-convex domain.
Analytic index theory and spectral flow in real Hilbert $C^*$-modules
RIKEN iTHEMS（理化学研究所 iTHEMS）；Mathematical Sciences Institute, Australian National University（澳大利亚国立大学数学科学学院）；Mathematisches Institut, Universität Bonn（波恩大学数学研究所）；School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Wollongong（伍伦贡大学数学与物理学院）
Naively, the analytic index of a family of self-adjoint Fredholm operators ought to be (an equivalence class of) the family of the kernels of these operators. The present paper is devoted to a rigorous version of this idea based on ideas of Segal as developed by the author in arXiv:2111.14313 [math.KT]. The resulting new definition of the analytic index makes sense under much weaker continuity assumptions than the Atiyah-Singer one and can be easily adjusted to families of operators in fibers of a Hilbert bundle. We prove the correctness of the new definition and show that it agrees with the A…
