We construct a new family of curvature homogeneous pseudo-Riemannian manifolds modeled on $\mathbb{R}^{3k+2}$ for integers $k \geq 1$. In contrast to previously known examples, the signature may be chosen to be $(k+1+a, k+1+b)$ where $a,b \in \mathbb{N} \bigcup \{0\}$ and $a+b = k$. The structure group of the 0-model of this family is studied, and is shown to be indecomposable. Several invariants that are not of Weyl type are found which will show that, in general, the members of this family are not locally homogeneous.
In this paper, we derived biharmonic equations for pseudo-Riemannian submanifolds of pseudo-Riemannian manifolds which includes the biharmonic equations for submanifolds of Riemannian manifolds as a special case. As applications, we proved that a pseudo-umbilical biharmonic pseudo-Riemannian submanifold of a pseudo-Riemannian manifold has constant mean curvature, we completed the classifications of biharmonic pseudo-Riemannian hypersurfaces with at most two distinct principal curvatures, which were used to give four construction methods to produce proper biharmonic pseudo-Riemannian submanifol…
In spin geometry, traceless cyclic homogeneous Riemannian manifolds equipped with a homogeneous spin structure can be viewed as the simplest manifolds after Riemannian symmetric spin spaces. In this paper, we give some characterizations and properties of cyclic and traceless cyclic homogeneous Riemannian manifolds and we obtain the classification of simply-connected cyclic homogeneous Riemannian manifolds of dimension less than or equal to four. We also present a wide list of examples of non-compact irreducible Riemannian $3$-symmetric spaces admitting cyclic metrics and give the expression of…
We classify pseudo-Riemannian submersions with connected totally geodesic fibres from a real pseudo-hyperbolic space onto a pseudo-Riemannian manifold. Also, we obtain the classification of the pseudo-Riemannian submersions with (para-)complex connected totally geodesic fibres from a (para-)complex pseudo-hyperbolic space onto a pseudo-Riemannian manifold.
We consider four-dimensional homogeneous pseudo-Riemannian manifolds with non-trivial isotropy and completely classify the cases giving rise to non-trivial homogeneous Ricci solitons. In particular, we show the existence of non-compact homogeneous (and also invariant) pseudo-Riemannian Ricci solitons which are not isometric to solvmanifolds, and of conformally flat homogeneous pseudo-Riemannian Ricci solitons which are not symmetric.
We consider four dimensional conformally flat homogeneous pseudo Riemannian manifolds. According to forms (Seger types) of the Ricci operator, we provide a full classification of four dimensional pseudo Riemannian conformally flat homogeneous Ricci solitons.
We describe, by their holonomy groups, all complete simply connected irreducible non-locally symmetric pseudo-Riemannian SpinC manifolds which admit parallel spinors. So we generalize the Riemannian SpinC case and the pseudo-Riemannian Spin one.
We define a Riemannian structure as a pre-homogeneous geometric structure with curvature R. We show that R=0 if and only if the underlying metric has constant curvature. We define pre-homogeneous geometric structures and pose some problems.
For any k which is at least 2, we exhibit complete k-curvature homogeneous neutral signature pseudo-Riemannian manifolds which are not k+1-affine curvature homogeneous, and hence not locally homogeneous. All the local scalar Weyl invariants of these manifolds vanish. These manifolds are Ricci flat, Osserman, and Ivanov-Petrova.
Ambrose and Singer characterized connected, simply-connected and complete homogeneous Riemannian manifolds as Riemannian manifolds admitting a metric connection such that its curvature and torsion are parallel. The aim of this paper is to extend Ambrose-Singer Theorem to the general framework of locally homogeneous pseudo-Riemannian manifolds. In addition we study under which conditions a locally homogeneous pseudo-Riemannian manifold can be recovered from the curvature and their covariant derivatives at some point up to finite order. The same problem is tackled in the presence of a geometric …
In the present paper we study pseudo-Riemannian submanifolds which have 3-planar geodesic normal sections.We consider W-curves (helices) on pseudo-Riemannian submanifolds. Finally, we give neccessary and sufficient condition for a normal section to be a W-curve on pseudo-Riemannian submanifolds.
Definition of $({\cal T}_{a},{\cal T}_{b})$-pseudosymmetric semi-Riemannian manifold is given. $({\cal T}_{a},{\cal T}_{b})$-pseudosy mmetric $(N(k),ξ)$-semi-Riemannian manifolds are classified. Some results for ${\cal T}_{a}$-pseudosymmetric $(N(k),ξ)$-semi-Riemannian manifolds are obtained. $({\cal T}_{a},{\cal T}_{b},S^{\ell})$-pseudosymmetric semi-Riemannian manifolds are defined. $({\cal T}_{a},{\cal T}_{b},S^{\ell})$-pseudosymmetric $(N(k),ξ)$-semi-Riemannian manifolds are classified. Some results for $(R,{\cal T}_{a},S^{\ell})$-pseudosymmetric $(N(k),ξ)$-semi-Riemannian manifolds are ob…
We develop a general structure theory for compact homogeneous Riemannian manifolds in relation to the co-index of symmetry. We will then use these results to classify irreducible, simply connected, compact homogeneous Riemannian manifolds whose co-index of symmetry is less or equal than three. We will also construct many examples which arise from the theory of polars and centrioles in Riemannian symmetric spaces of compact type.
A Lie group as a 4-dimensional pseudo-Riemannian manifold is considered. This manifold is equipped with an almost product structure and a Killing metric in two ways. In the first case Riemannian almost product manifold with nonintegrable structure is obtained, and in the second case - a pseudo-Riemannian one. Each belongs to a 4-parametric family of manifolds, which are characterized geometrically.
We show the existence of nonsymmetric homogeneous spin Riemannian manifolds whose Dirac operator is like that on a Riemannian symmetric spin space. Such manifolds are exactly the homogeneous spin Riemannian manifolds $(M,g)$ which are traceless cyclic with respect to some quotient expression $M=G/K$ and reductive decomposition $\mathfrak{g} = \mathfrak{k} \oplus \mathfrak{m}$. Using transversally symmetric fibrations of noncompact type, we give a list of them.
We show that pseudo-Riemannian almost quaternionic homogeneous spaces with index 4 and an H-irreducible isotropy group are locally isometric to a pseudo-Riemannian quaternionic Kähler symmetric space if the dimension is at least 16. In dimension 12 we give a non-symmetric example.
There is a well developed theory of weakly symmetric Riemannian manifolds. Here it is shown that several results in the Riemannian case are also valid for weakly symmetric pseudo-Riemannian manifolds, but some require additional hypotheses. The topics discussed are homogeneity, geodesic completeness, the geodesic orbit property, weak symmetries, and the structure of the nilradical of the isometry group. Also, we give a number of examples of weakly symmetric pseudo-Riemannian manifolds, some mirroring the Riemannian case and some indicating the problems in extending Riemannian results to weakly…
For k at least 2, we exhibit complete k-curvature homogeneous neutral signature pseudo-Riemannian manifolds which are not locally affine homogeneous (and hence not locally homogeneous). The curvature tensor of these manifolds is modeled on that of an indecomposible symmetric space. All the local scalar Weyl curvature invariants of these manifolds vanish.
The theory of harmonic vector fields on Riemannian manifolds is generalised to pseudo-Riemannian manifolds. Harmonic conformal gradient fields on pseudo-Euclidean hyperquadrics are classified up to congruence, as are harmonic Killing fields on pseudo-Riemannian quadrics. A para-Kaehler twisted anti-isometry is used to correlate harmonic vector fields on the quadrics of neutral signature.
We prove that a foliation $(M, F)$ of codimension $q$ on a $n$-dimen\-sio\-nal pseudo-Riemannian manifold is pseudo-Riemannian if and only if any geodesic that is orthogonal at one point to a leaf is orthogonal to every leaf it intersects. We show that on the graph $G = G(F)$ of a pseudo-Riemannian foliation there exists a unique pseudo-Riemannian metric such that canonical projections are pse\-u\-do-Rieman\-ni\-an submersions and the fibres of different projections are orthogonal at common points. Relatively this metric the induced foliation $(G,\mathbb{F})$ on the graph is pseudo-Riemannian …
In this paper we consider some properties of the three-dimensional homogeneous SO(2)-isotropic Riemannian manifolds. In particular, we determine the geodesics, the totally geodesic surfaces, the totally umbilical surfaces and the geodesics of the rotational surfaces.
We classify homogeneous pseudo-Riemannian manifolds of index 4 which admit an invariant almost hyper-Hermitian structure and an H-irreducible isotropy group. The main result is that all these spaces are flat except in dimension 12.
We define a class of Riemannian and pseudo-Riemannian 2-step nilpotent Lie groups with nondegenerate centers that generalize the H-type groups of Kaplan. Examples are given and geometric properties are investigated.
We study isometries in the contact sub-pseudo-Riemannian geometry. In particular we give an upper bound on the dimension of the isometry group of a general sub-pseudo-Riemannian manifold and prove that the maximal dimension is attained for the left invariant structures on the Heisenberg group.
We classify the space-like biharmonic surfaces in 3-dimension pseudo-Riemannian space form, and construct explicit examples of proper biharmonic hypersurfaces in general ADS space.
We describe the possible holonomy groups of simply connected irreducible non-locally symmetric pseudo-Riemannian spin manifolds which admit parallel spinors.
We study in this paper previously defined by V.N. Berestovskii and C.P. Plaut $δ$-homogeneous spaces in the case of Riemannian manifolds. Every such manifold has non-negative sectional curvature. The universal covering of any $δ$-homogeneous Riemannian manifolds is itself $δ$-homogeneous. In turn, every simply connected Riemannian $δ$-homogeneous manifold is a direct metric product of an Euclidean space and compact simply connected indecomposable homogeneous manifolds; all factors in this product are itself $δ$-homogeneous. We find different characterizations of $δ$-homogeneous Riemannian spac…
We study the isometry groups and Killing vector fields of a family of pseudo-Riemannian metrics on Euclidean space which have neutral signature (3+2p,3+2p). All are p+2 curvature homogeneous, all have vanishing Weyl scalar invariants, all are geodesically complete, and all are 0-curvature modeled on an indecomposible symmetric space. Some of these manifolds are not p+3 curvature homogeneous. Some are homogeneous but not symmetric.
We exhibit several families of Jacobi-Videv pseudo-Riemannian manifolds which are not Einstein. We also exhibit Jacobi-Videv algebraic curvature tensors where the Ricci operator defines an almost complex structure.
We ask a general question: what are locally homogeneous compact pseudo-Riemannian Einstein manifolds? We show that any standard compact Clifford-Klein form of a simple non-compact Lie group admits at least one Einstein metric. We conjecture that these are basically the only possible locally homogeneous Einstein pseudo-Riemannian compact manifolds using T. Kobayashi's conjecture as a guiding principle.
We exhibit pseudo Riemannian manifolds which are Szabó nilpotent of arbitrary order, or which are Osserman nilpotent of arbitrary order, or which are Ivanov-Petrova nilpotent of order 3.
We classify the semi-Riemannian submersions from a pseudo-hyperbolic space onto a Riemannian manifold under the assumption that the fibres are connected and totally geodesic. Also we obtain the classification of the semi-Riemannian submersions from a complex pseudo-hyperbolic space onto a Riemannian manifold under the assumption that the fibres are complex, connected and totally geodesic submanifolds.
We construct the first known examples of compact pseudo-Riemannian manifolds having an essential group of conformal transformations, and which are not conformally flat. Our examples cover all types $(p,q)$, with $2 \leq p \leq q$.
We show that for any weakly reflective submanifold of a compact isotropy irreducible Riemannian homogeneous space its inverse image under the parallel transport map is an infinite dimensional weakly reflective PF submanifold of a Hilbert space. This is an extension of the author's previous result in the case of compact irreducible Riemannian symmetric spaces. We also give a characterization of so obtained weakly reflective PF submanifolds.
In this paper, we formulate a procedure to obtain a generalization of Milnor frames for left-invariant pseudo-Riemannian metrics on a given Lie group. This procedure is an analogue of the recent studies on left-invariant Riemannian metrics, and is based on the moduli space of left-invariant pseudo-Riemannian metrics. As one of applications, we show that any left-invariant pseudo-Riemannian metrics of arbitrary signature on the Lie groups of real hyperbolic spaces have constant sectional curvatures.
We give a concise proof that large classes of optimal (constant curvature or Einstein) pseudo-Riemannian metrics are maximally symmetric within their conformal class.
In this paper, we discuss the heat flow of a pseudo-harmonic map from a closed pseudo-Hermitian manifold to a Riemannian manifold with non-positive sectional curvature, and prove the existence of the pseudo-harmonic map which is a generalization of Eells-Sampson's existence theorem. We also discuss the uniqueness of the pseudo-harmonic representative of its homotopy class which is a generalization of Hartman theorem, provided that the target manifold has negative sectional curvature.
Harvey-Lawson and Anciaux introduced the notion of austere submanifolds in pseudo-Riemannian geometry. We give an equivalent condition for an orbit of the isotropy representations for semisimple pseudo-Riemannian symmetric space to be an austere submanifold in a pseudo-sphere in terms of restricted root system theory with respect to Cartan subspaces. By using the condition we give examples of austere orbits.
Notions of compatible and almost compatible pseudo-Riemannian metrics, which are motivated by the theory of compatible (local and nonlocal) Poisson structures of hydrodynamic type and generalize the notion of flat pencil of metrics, are introduced and studied.
This paper provides a study of algebraic Ricci solitons in the pseudo-Riemannian case. In the Riemannian case, all nontrivial homogeneous algebraic Ricci solitons are expanding algebraic Ricci solitons. In this paper, we obtain a steady algebraic Ricci soliton and a shrinking algebraic Ricci soliton in the Lorentzian setting.
We provide examples of naturally reductive pseudo-Riemannian spaces, in particular an example of a naturally reductive pseudo-Riemannian 2-step nilpotent Lie group $(N, < \,,\,>_N)$, such that $< \,,\,>_N$ is invariant under a left action and for which the center is degenerate. The metric does not correspond to a bi-invariant one.
We define a class of two dimensional surfaces conformally related to minimal surfaces in flat three dimensional geometries. By the utility of the metrics of such surfaces we give a construction of the metrics of $2 N$ dimensional Ricci flat (pseudo-) Riemannian geometries.
A method, due to Élie Cartan, is used to give an algebraic classification of the non-reductive homogeneous pseudo-Riemannian manifolds of dimension four. Only one case with Lorentz signature can be Einstein without having constant curvature, and two cases with (2,2) signature are Einstein of which one is Ricci-flat. If a four-dimensional non-reductive homogeneous pseudo-Riemannian manifold is simply connected, then it is shown to be diffeomorphic to $\real^4$. All metrics for the simply connected non-reductive Einstein spaces are given explicitly. There are no non-reductive pseudo-Riemannian h…
For an arbitrary subalgebra $\mathfrak{h}\subset\mathfrak{so}(r,s)$, a polynomial pseudo-Riemannian metric of signature $(r+2,s+2)$ is constructed, the holonomy algebra of this metric contains $\mathfrak{h}$ as a subalgebra. This result shows the essential distinction of the holonomy algebras of pseudo-Riemannian manifolds of index bigger or equal to 2 from the holonomy algebras of Riemannian and Lorentzian manifolds.
We consider local geometry of sub-pseudo-Riemannian structures on contact manifolds. We construct fundamental invariants of the structures and show that the structures give rise to Einstein-Weyl geometries in dimension 3, provided that certain additional conditions are satisfied.
Conformally flat pseudo-Riemannian manifolds with generalized Ricci recurrent, $(GR)_n$ structure are completely classified in this short report. A conformally flat generalized Ricci recurrent pseudo-Riemannian manifold is shown to be either a de Sitter space or an anti-de Sitter space. In particular, a conformally flat generalized Ricci recurrent spacetime must be either a de Sitter spacetime or an anti-de Sitter spacetime.
The authors give a short survey of previous results on $δ$-homogeneous Riemannian manifolds, forming a new proper subclass of geodesic orbit spaces with non-negative sectional curvature, which properly includes the class of all normal homogeneous Riemannian manifolds. As a continuation and an application of these results, they prove that the family of all compact simply connected indecomposable $δ$-homogeneous Riemannian manifolds with positive Euler characteristic, which are not normal homogeneous, consists exactly of all generalized flag manifolds $Sp(l)/U(1)\cdot Sp(l-1)=\mathbb{C}P^{2l-1}$…
In this note we prove that the Heisenberg group with a left-invariant pseudo-Riemannian metric admits a completely integrable totally geodesic distribution of codimension 1. This is on the contrary to the Riemannian case, as it was proved by T. Hangan.
Arnlind, Hoppe and Huisken showed how to express the Gauss and mean curvature of a surface embedded in a Riemannian manifold in terms of Poisson brackets of the embedding coordinates. We generalize these expressions to the pseudo-Riemannian setting and derive explicit formulas for the case of surfaces embedded in $\R^m$ with indefinite metric.
For an arbitrary nondegenerate curve in a pseudo-Riemann\-ian (including Riemannian) 2-manifold, we express the equi-affine curvature with the help of the Frenet (geodesic) curvature of this curve.
A family of naturally reductive pseudo-Riemannian spaces is constructed out of the representations of Lie algebras with ad-invariant metrics. We exhibit peculiar examples, study their geometry and characterize the corresponding naturally reductive homogeneous structure.
In this paper, using connections between Clifford-Wolf isometries and Killing vector fields of constant length on a given Riemannian manifold, we classify simply connected Clifford-Wolf homogeneous Riemannian manifolds. We also get the classification of complete simply connected Riemannian manifolds with the Killing property defined and studied previously by J.E. D'Atri and H.K. Nickerson. In the last part of the paper we study properties of Clifford-Killing spaces, that is, real vector spaces of Killing vector fields of constant length, on odd-dimensional round spheres, and discuss numerous c…
We list up all the possible local orbit types of hyperbolic or elliptic orbits for the isotropy representations of semisimple pseudo-Riemannian symmetric spaces. It is key to give a recipe to determine the local orbit types of hyperbolic principal orbits by using three kind of restricted root systems and Satake diagrams associated with semisimple pseudo-Riemannian symmetric spaces.
In this paper, we consider surfaces in 4--dimensional pseudo--Riemannian space--forms with index 2. First, we obtain some of geometrical properties of such surfaces considering their relative null space. Then, we get classifications of quasi--minimal surfaces with positive relative nullity.
The recently introduced Lipschitz-Killing curvature measures on pseudo-Riemannian manifolds satisfy a Weyl principle, i.e. are invariant under isometric embeddings. We show that they are uniquely characterized by this property. We apply this characterization to prove a Künneth-type formula for Lipschitz-Killing curvature measures, and to classify the invariant generalized valuations and curvature measures on all isotropic pseudo-Riemannian space forms.
