Yuri Bakhtin, Matilde Martinez
We prove that a probability measure on a compact non-singular lamination by hyperbolic Riemann surfaces is harmonic if and only if it is the projection of a measure on the unit tangent bundle such that it is invariant under both the geodesic and the horocycle flows.
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We prove that at least one of the two invariant laminations of a strongly partially hyperbolic attractor with one-dimensional center bundle is minimal. This result extends those in [7] about minimal foliations for robustly transitive diffeomorphisms.
We study partially hyperbolic sets of C1-diffeomorphisms. For these sets there are defined the strong stable and strong unstable laminations. A lamination is called dynamically minimal when the orbit of each leaf intersects the set densely. We prove that partially hyperbolic sets having a dynamically minimal lamination have empty interior. We also study the Lebesgue measure and the spectral decomposition of these sets. These results can be ap- plied to C1-generic/robustly transitive attractors with one-dimensional center bundle.
In this note we prove infinite dimensionality of the Teichmüller space of a hyperbolic Riemann surface lamination of a compact space having a simply connected leaf.
We consider a minimal compact lamination by hyperbolic surfaces. We prove that if it admits a leaf whose holonomy covering is not topologically trivial, then the horocycle flow on its unitary tangent bundle is minimal.
We study the affine orbifold laminations that were constructed by Lyubich and Minsky. An important question left open in their construction is whether these laminations are always locally compact. We show that this is not the case. The counterexample we construct has the property that the regular leaf space contains (many) hyperbolic leaves that intersect the Julia set; whether this can happen is itself a question raised by Lyubich and Minsky.
Real Laminations of Cubic Polynomials on Boundaries of Hyperbolic Components
本文研究了三次多项式在超几何成分边界上的实层叠特性，并证明除了类型D外，所有超几何三次多项式均不具备组合刚性。
Given a harmonic measure of a hyperbolic lamination on a compact metric space, a positive harmonic function is defined on the universal cover of a typical leaves. We discuss some properties of this function. Especially if all the leaves are hyperbolic, ergodic harmonic measures are divided into two classes.
We develop a notion of entropy, using hyperbolic time, for laminations by hyperbolic Riemann surfaces. When the lamination is compact and transversally smooth, we show that the entropy is finite and the Poincare metric on leaves is transversally Holder continuous. A notion of metric entropy is also introduced for harmonic measures.
According to an analogy to quasi-Fuchsian groups, we investigate topological and combinatorial structures of Lyubich and Minsky's affine and hyperbolic 3-laminations associated with the hyperbolic and parabolic quadratic maps. We begin by showing that hyperbolic rational maps in the same hyperbolic component have quasi-isometrically the same 3-laminations. This gives a good reason to regard the main cardioid of the Mandelbrot set as an analogue of the Bers slices in the quasi-Fuchsian space. Then we describe the topological and combinatorial changes of laminations associated with hyperbolic-to…
Consider a Brody hyperbolic foliation by Riemann surfaces with linearizable isolated singularities on a compact complex surface. We show that its hyperbolic entropy is finite. We also estimate the modulus of continuity of the Poincare metric on leaves. The estimate holds for foliations on manifolds of higher dimension.
In these introductory notes we give the basics of the theory of holomorphic foliations and laminations. The emphasis is on the theory of harmonic currents and unique ergodicity for laminations transversally Lipschitz in CP^2 and for generic holomorphic foliations in CP^2.
We survey some recent developments in the ergodic theory for hyperbolic Riemann surface laminations. The emphasis is on singular holomorphic foliations. These results not only illustrate the strong similarity between the ergodic theory of maps and that of Riemann surface laminations, but also indicate the fundamental differences between these two theories.
We give the topological obstructions to be a leaf in a minimal lamination by hyperbolic surfaces whose generic leaf is homeomorphic to a Cantor tree. Then, we show that all allowed topological types can be simultaneously embedded in the same lamination. This result, together with results of Alvarez-Brum-Martínez-Potrie and Blanc, complete the panorama of understanding which topological surfaces can be leaves in minimal hyperbolic surface laminations when the topology of the generic leaf is given. In all cases, all possible topologies can be realized simultaneously.
We prove a compactness theorem for embedded measured hyperbolic Riemann surface laminations in a compact almost complex manifold $(X, J)$. To prove compactness result, we show that there is a suitable topology on the space of measured Riemann surface laminations induced by Levy-Prokhorov metric. As an application of the compactness theorem, we show that given a biholomorphism of $ϕ$ of a closed complex manifold $X$, some power $ϕ^k $ ($k>0$) fixes a measured Riemann surface lamination in $X$.
We introduce the heat equation relative to a positive dd-bar-closed current and apply it to the invariant currents associated with Riemann surface laminations possibly with singularities. The main examples are holomorphic foliations by Riemann surfaces in projective spaces. We prove two kinds of ergodic theorems for such currents: one associated to the heat diffusion and one close to Birkhoff's averaging on orbits of a dynamical system. The heat diffusion theorem with respect to a harmonic measure is also developed for real laminations.
We study the dynamics of the geodesic and horocycle flows of the unit tangent bundle $(\hat M, T^1\mathcal{F})$ of a compact minimal lamination $(M,\mathcal F)$ by negatively curved surfaces. We give conditions under which the action of the affine group generated by the joint action of these flows is minimal, and examples where this action is not minimal. In the first case, we prove that if $\mathcal F$ has a leaf which is not simply connected, the horocyle flow is topologically transitive.
Stretch laminations and hyperbolic Dehn surgery
研究双曲3流形Dehn手术族中最佳Lipschitz圆值映射的最大拉伸叶状结构，基于Thurston范数和Dehn填充斜率长度给出准则判断其何时为填充核心曲线并集，并证明存在无穷多例子使叶状结构仅含闭叶，为无限循环覆盖中的轨道闭包提供信息。
In 1985 D.Sullivan had introduced a dictionary between two domains of complex dynamics: iterations of rational functions on the Riemann sphere and Kleinian groups. The latters are discrete subgroups of the group of conformal automorphisms of the Riemann sphere. This dictionary motivated many remarkable results in both domains, starting from the famous Sullivan's no wandering domain theorem in the theory of iterations of rational functions. One of the principal objects used in the study of Kleinian groups is the hyperbolic 3- manifold associated to a Kleinian group, which is the quotient of its…
We construct minimal laminations by hyperbolic surfaces whose generic leaf is a disk and contain any prescribed family of surfaces and with a precise control of the topologies of the surfaces that appear. The laminations are constructed via towers of finite coverings of surfaces for which we need to develop a relative version of residual finiteness which may be of independent interest. The main step in establishing this relative version of residual finiteness is to obtain finite covers with control on the \emph{second systole} of the surface, which is done in the appendix. In a companion paper…
We characterize geometrically the Lyapunov exponents of a cocycle (of arbitrary rank) with respect to a harmonic current defined on a hyperbolic Riemann surface lamination. Our characterizations are formulated in terms of the expansion rates of the cocycle along geodesic rays.
We suggest a way to associate to a rational map of the Riemann sphere a three dimensional object called a hyperbolic orbifold 3-lamination. The relation of this object to the map is analogous to the relation of a hyperbolic 3-manifold to a Kleinian group. In order to construct the 3-lamination we analyze the natural extension of a rational map and the complex affine structure on the canonical 2-dimensional leaf space contained in it. In this paper the construction is carried out in full for post-critically finite maps. We show that the corresponding laminations have a compact convex core. As a…
In this paper we study existence of Normally Hyperbolic Invariant Laminations (NHIL) for a nearly integrable system given by the product of the pendulum and the rotator perturbed with a small coupling between the two. This example was introduced by Arnold. Using a {\it separatrix map}, introduced in a low dimensional case by Zaslavskii-Filonenko and studied in a multidimensional case by Treschev and Piftankin, for an open class of trigonometric perturbations we prove that NHIL do exist. Moreover, using a second order expansion for the separatrix map from [GKZ], we prove that the system restric…
Using an aperiodic and repetitive subtree of the Cayley graph of the free Abelian group with two generators, described by Kenyon, Ghys has constructed an example of minimal Riemann surface lamination having both Euclidean and hyperbolic leaves. We prove that the transverse dynamics of this lamination is represented (in a measurable way) by a 2-adic odometer. In fact, we can describe its topological transverse dynamics, and prove that the Ghys-Kenyon lamination is affable.
Minimizing laminations in regular covers, horospherical orbit closures, and circle-valued Lipschitz maps
本文揭示了紧双曲流形的$\mathbb{Z}$-覆盖中距离极小叶状结构与球面轨道闭包的联系，构造了具有指定性质的$\mathbb{Z}$-覆盖并明确描述了所有horocycle轨道闭包，同时证明双曲度量的微小扰动会导致其拓扑发生剧烈变化。
Tessellation and Lyubich-Minsky laminations associated with quadratic maps, I: Pinching semiconjugacies
本文引入双曲和抛物二次映射填充 Julia 集的嵌铺，利用瓦片组织内部动力学，并基于嵌铺与线性化坐标退化研究构造了双曲到抛物退化的捏半共轭连续族。
Computation of a separatrix map and a normally hyperbolic invariant lamination for the RP3BP
本文研究了RP3BP中3:1 Kirkwood间隙的正常双曲不变鳞片的存在性，并展示了其诱导动力学为部分双曲斜移，揭示了小偏心率下小行星的随机扩散行为。
If $\mathcal{L}$ is a laminations with hyperbolic singularities, embedded in a compact homogeneous Kähler surface, without directed closed positive currents. Then, $\mathcal{L}$ has a unique directed positive harmonic current of mass one. This result was previously obtained by Fornaess and Sibony for $\mathbb{CP}^2$ and we generalize it for the rest of compact homogeneous Kähler surfaces.
Thurston and Calegari-Dunfield showed that the fundamental group of some tautly foliated hyperbolic 3-manifold acts on the circle in a distinctive way that the action preserves some structure of S^1, so-called a circle lamination. Indeed, a large class of Kleinian groups acts on the circle preserving a circle lamination. In this paper, we are concerned with the converse problem that a group acting on the circle with at least two invariant circle laminations is Kleinian. We prove that a subgroup of the orientation preserving circle homeomorphism group is a Fuchsian group whose quotient orbifold…
Marden and Strebel established the Heights Theorem for integrable holomorphic quadratic differentials on parabolic Riemann surfaces. We extends the validity of the Heights Theorem to all surfaces whose fundamental group is of the first kind. In fact, we establish a more general result: the {\it horizontal} map which assigns to each integrable holomorphic quadratic differential a measured lamination obtained by straightening the horizontal trajectories of the quadratic differential is injective for an arbitrary Riemann surface with a conformal hyperbolic metric. This was established by Strebel …
We construct Weil-Petersson (WP) geodesic rays with minimal filling non-uniquely ergodic ending lamination which are recurrent to a compact subset of the moduli space of Riemann surfaces. This construction shows that an analogue of the Masur's criterion for Teichmüller geodesics does not hold for WP geodesics.
We first show that an earthquake of a geometrically infinite hyperbolic surface induces an asymptotically conformal change in the hyperbolic metric if and only if the measured lamination associated with the earthquake is asymptotically trivial on the surface. Then we show that the contraction along earthquake paths is continuous in the Teichmüller space of any hyperbolic surface. Finally, we show that if a measured lamination vanishes while approaching infinity at the rate higher than the distance to the boundary then it must be trivial.
We study Weil-Petersson (WP) geodesics with narrow end invariant and develop techniques to control length-functions and twist parameters along them and prescribe their itinerary in the moduli space of Riemann surfaces. This class of geodesics is rich enough to provide for examples of closed WP geodesics in the thin part of the moduli space, as well as divergent WP geodesic rays with minimal filling ending lamination. Some ingredients of independent interest are the following: A strength version of Wolpert's Geodesic Limit Theorem proved in Sec.4. The stability of hierarchy resolution paths bet…
Given a locally maximal compact invariant hyperbolic set $Λ$ for a $C^1$ flow or diffeomorphism on a Riemann manifold with $C^1$ unstable laminations, we construct an invariant continuous bundle of tangent vectors to local unstable manifolds that locally approximates $Λ$ in a certain way.
Non-Hyperbolic Chaotic Dynamics: Renormalization and More
本文研究了二维系统中野集与非均匀混沌超限性的共存现象，并提出了一种广义重正化方案。
Horocyclic trajectories in hyperbolic solenoidal surfaces of finite type
本文研究了双曲溶菌表面单位切丛上分层水平流的动力学性质，将其类比于完整双曲曲面。
Let $\mathcal{L}$ be a Lipschitz lamination by Riemann surfaces embedded in $M$. If $M$ is a complex torus, $\mathbb{CP}^1\times\mathbb{CP}^1$ or $\mathbb{T}^1\times\mathbb{CP}^1$ and there is no directed closed current then there exists a unique directed harmonic current of mass one. Moreover if $\mathcal{L}$ is embedded in $M=\mathbb{CP}^1\times\mathbb{CP}^1$ and has no compact leaves, then there is no directed closed current. If $\mathcal{L}$ is not Lipschitz, then slightly weaker results are obtained.
This report discusses recent results as well as new perspectives in the ergodic theory for Riemann surface laminations, with an emphasis on singular holomorphic foliations by curves. The central notions of these developments are leafwise Poincaré metric, directed positive harmonic currents, multiplicative cocycles and Lyapunov exponents. We deal with various ergodic theorems for such laminations: Random and Operator Ergodic Theorems, (Geometric) Birkhoff Ergodic Theorems, Oseledec Multiplicative Ergodic Theorem and Unique Ergodicity Theorems. Applications of these theorems are also given. In p…
In this article, we show the existence of a nontrivial Riemann surface lamination embedded in $\mathbb{CP}^2$ by using Donaldson's construction of asymptotically holomorphic submanifolds. Further, the lamination we obtain has the property that each leaf is a totally geodesic submanifold of $\mathbb{CP}^2 $ with respect to the Fubini-Study metric. This may constitute a step in understanding the conjecture on the existence of minimal exceptional sets in $\mathbb{CP}^2$.
The loop graph of an infinite type surface is an infinite diameter hyperbolic graph first studied in detail by Juliette Bavard. An important open problem in the study of infinite type surfaces is to describe the boundary of the loop graph as a space of geodesic laminations. We approach this problem by constructing the first examples of 2-filling rays on infinite type surfaces. Such rays accumulate onto geodesic laminations which are in some sense filling, but without strong enough properties to correspond to points in the boundary of the loop graph. We give multiple constructions using both a …
Given a lamination in a compact space and a laminated vector field $X$ which is hyperbolic when restricted to the leaves of the lamination, we distinguish a class of $X$-invariant probabilities that describe the behaviour of almost every $X$-orbit in every leaf, that we call u-Gibbs states. We apply this to the case of foliations in compact manifolds having leaves with negative curvature, using the foliated hyperbolic vector field on the unit tangent bundle to the foliation generating the leaf geodesics. When the Lyapunov exponents of such an ergodic u-Gibbs states are negative, it is an SRB-m…
We prove that the set of diffeomorphisms having at most finitely many attractors contains a dense and open subset of the space of $C^1$ partially hyperbolic diffeomorphisms with one-dimensional center. This is obtained thanks to a robust geometric property of partially hyperbolic laminations that we show to hold after perturbations of the dynamics. This technique also allows to prove that $C^1$-generic diffeomorphisms far from homoclinic tangencies in dimension $3$ either have at most finitely many attractors, or satisfy Newhouse phenomenon.
This paper gives a complete classification of the possible ergodic decompositions for certain open families of volume-preserving partially hyperbolic diffeomorphisms. These families include systems with compact center leaves and perturbations of Anosov flows under conditions on the dimensions of the invariant subbundles. The paper further shows that the non-open accessibility classes form a $C^1$ lamination and gives results about the accessibility classes of non-volume-preserving systems. Note: this document has been modified slightly from earlier preprints. The numbering of sections was chan…
Given integers $g,n \geq 0$ satisfying $2-2g-n < 0$, let $\mathcal{M}_{g,n}$ be the moduli space of connected, oriented, complete, finite area hyperbolic surfaces of genus $g$ with $n$ cusps. We study the global behavior of the Mirzakhani function $B \colon \mathcal{M}_{g,n} \to \mathbf{R}_{\geq 0}$ which assigns to $X \in \mathcal{M}_{g,n}$ the Thurston measure of the set of measured geodesic laminations on $X$ of hyperbolic length $\leq 1$. We improve bounds of Mirzakhani describing the behavior of this function near the cusp of $\mathcal{M}_{g,n}$ and deduce that $B$ is square-integrable wi…
We prove the existence of Alexandrov embedded closed magnetic geodesics on closed hyperbolic surfaces. Closed magnetic geodesics correspond to closed curves with prescribed geodesic curvature.
We calculate the asymptotic average rate at which a generic geodesic on a finite area hyperbolic 2-orbifold returns to an embedded disc on the surface, as well as the average amount of time it spends in the disc during each visit. This includes the case where the center of the disc is a cone point.
We calculate the asymptotic average rate at which a generic geodesic on a finite area hyperbolic 2-orbifold returns to a subsurface with geodesic boundary. As a consequence we get the average time a generic geodesic spends in such a subsurface. Related results are obtained for excursions into a collar neighborhood of a simple closed geodesic and the associated distribution of excursion depths.
Let $\{f_ν\}$ be a sequence of holomorphic self-maps of a hyperbolic Riemann surface $X$. In this paper we shall study the asymptotic behavior of the sequences obtained by iteratively left-composing or right-composing the maps $\{f_ν\}$; the sequences of self-maps of $X$ so obtained are called left (respectively, right) iterated function systems. We shall prove the analogue for left iterated function systems of the theorems proved by Beardon, Carne, Minda and Ng for right iterated function systems with value in a Bloch domain; and we shall extend to the setting of general hyperbolic Riemann su…
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