Given an associative multiplication in matrix algebra compatible with the usual one or, in other words, linear deformation of matrix algebra, we construct a solution to the classical Yang-Baxter equation. We also develop a theory of such deformations and construct numerous examples. It turns out that these deformations are in one-to-one correspondence with representations of certain algebraic structures, which we call M-structures. We also describe an important class of M-structures related to the affine Dynkin diagrams of A, D, E-type. These M-structures and their representations are described in terms of quiver representations.
We introduce the concept of {sigma, tau}-Rota-Baxter operator, as a twisted version of a Rota-Baxter operator of weight zero. We show how to obtain a certain {sigma, tau}-Rota-Baxter operator from a solution of the associative (Bi)Hom-Yang-Baxter equation, and, in a compatible way, a Hom-pre-Lie algebra from an infinitesimal Hom-bialgebra.
Rota-Baxter operators and bialgebras go hand in hand in their applications, such as in the Connes-Kreimer approach to renormalization and the operator approach to the classical Yang-Baxter equation. We establish a bialgebra structure that is compatible with the Rota-Baxter operator, called the Rota-Baxter antisymmetric infinitesimal (ASI) bialgebra. This bialgebra is characterized by generalizations of matched pairs of algebras and double constructions of Frobenius algebras to the context of Rota-Baxter algebras. The study of the coboundary case leads to an enrichment of the associative Yang-B…
A dynamical Yang-Baxter map, introduced by Shibukawa, is a solution of the set-theoretical analogue of the dynamical Yang-Baxter equation. In this paper, we initiate a quiver-theoretical approach for the study of dynamical Yang-Baxter maps. Our key observation is that the category of dynamical sets over a set $Λ$, introduced by Shibukawa to establish a categorical framework to deal with dynamical Yang-Baxter maps, can be embedded into the category of quivers with vertices $Λ$. By using this embedding, we shed light on Shibukawa's classification result of a certain class of dynamical Yang-Baxte…
We introduce triples of associative algebras as a tool for building solutions to the Yang-Baxter equation. It turns out that the class of R-matrices thus obtained is related to a Hecke-like condition, which is formulated for associative algebras with symmetric cyclic inner product. R-matrices for a subclass of the $A_n$-type Belavin-Drinfel'd triples are derived in this way.
The purpose of this paper is to study Rota-Baxter operators for BiHom-associative algebras. Moreover, we introduce and discuss the properties of the notions of BiHom-(tri)dendriform algebra, BiHom-Zinbiel algebra and BiHom-quadri-algebra. We construct the free Rota-Baxter BiHom-associative algebra and present some observations about categories and functors related to Rota-Baxter structures.
We introduce the concept of an extended O-operator that generalizes the well-known concept of a Rota-Baxter operator. We study the associative products coming from these operators and establish the relationship between extended O-operators and the associative Yang-Baxter equation, extended associative Yang-Baxter equation and generalized Yang-Baxter equation.
We classify trigonometric solutions to the associative Yang-Baxter equation (AYBE) for A = Mat_n, the associative algebra of n-by-n matrices. The AYBE was first presented in a 2000 article by Marcelo Aguiar and also independently by Alexandre Polishchuk. Trigonometric AYBE solutions limit to solutions of the classical Yang-Baxter equation. We find that such solutions of the AYBE are equal to special solutions of the quantum Yang-Baxter equation (QYBE) classified by Gerstenhaber, Giaquinto, and Schack (GGS), divided by a factor of q - q^{-1}, where q is the deformation parameter q = exp(h). In …
We will introduce an operation "twisting" on Hochschild complex by analogy with Drinfeld's twisting operations. By using the twisting and derived bracket construction, we will study differential graded Lie algebra structures associated with bi-graded Hochschild complex. We will show that Rota-Baxter type operators are solutions of Maurer-Cartan equations. As an application of twisting, we will give a construction of associative Nijenhuis operators.
Quivers over a fixed base set form a monoidal category with tensor product given by pullback. The quantum Yang-Baxter equation, or more properly the braid equation, is investigated in this setting. A solution of the braid equation in this category is called a "solution" for short. Results of Etingof-Schedler-Soloviev, Lu-Yan-Zhu and Takeuchi on the set-theoretical quantum Yang-Baxter equation are generalized to the context of quivers, with groupoids playing the rôle of groups. The notion of "braided groupoid" is introduced. Braided groupoids are solutions and are characterized in terms of bije…
We show that all strongly non-degenerate trigonometric solutions of the associative Yang-Baxter equation (AYBE) can be obtained from triple Massey products in the Fukaya category of square-tiled surfaces. Along the way, we give a classification result for cyclic $A_\infty$-algebra structures on a certain Frobenius algebra associated with a pair of 1-spherical objects in terms of the equivalence classes of the corresponding solutions of the AYBE. As an application, combining our results with homological mirror symmetry for punctured tori (cf. arXiv:1601.06141), we prove that any two simple vect…
In this letter we construct ${\rm GL}_{NM}$-valued dynamical $R$-matrix by means of unitary skew-symmetric solution of the associative Yang-Baxter equation in the fundamental representation of ${\rm GL}_{N}$. In $N=1$ case the obtained answer reproduces the ${\rm GL}_{M}$-valued Felder's $R$-matrix, while in the $M=1$ case it provides the ${\rm GL}_{N}$ $R$-matrix of vertex type including the Baxter-Belavin's elliptic one and its degenerations.
This paper studies operator forms of the nonhomogeneous associative classical Yang-Baxter equation (nhacYBe), extending and generalizing such studies for the classical Yang-Baxter equation and associative Yang-Baxter equation that can be tracked back to the works of Semonov-Tian-Shansky and Kupershmidt on Rota-Baxter Lie algebras and $\mathcal{O}$-operators. In general, solutions of the nhacYBe are characterized in terms of generalized $\mathcal{O}$-operators. The characterization can be given by the classical $\mathcal{O}$-operators precisely when the solutions satisfy an invariant condition.…
For a Lie algebra with Lie bracket got by taking commutators in a nonunital associative algebra L, let T(L) be the vector space of tensors over L equipped with the Ito Hopf algebra structure derived from the associative multiplication in L. We show a necessary and sufficient condition that the double product integral satisfy the quantum Yang-Baxter equation over T(L). We construct a quantisation of an arbitrary quasitriangular Lie bialgebra structure on L in the unital associative subalgebra of T(L)[[h]] consisting of formal power series whose zero order coefficient lies in the space S(L) of s…
This paper establishes a uniform procedure to split the operations in any algebraic operad, generalizing previous known notions of splitting algebraic structures from the dendriform algebra of Loday that splits the associative operation to the successors that split any binary operad. Examples are provided for various $n$-associative algebras, $n$-Lie algebras, $A_\infty$ algebras and $L_\infty$ algebras. Further, the concept of a Rota-Baxter operator, first showing its importance in the associative and Lie algebra context and then generalized to any binary operads, is generalized to arbitrary …
In this paper we introduce the notion of a geometric associative r-matrix attached to a genus one fibration with a section and irreducible fibres. It allows us to study degenerations of solutions of the classical Yang-Baxter equation using the approach of Polishchuk. We also calculate certain solutions of the classical, quantum and associative Yang-Baxter equations obtained from moduli spaces of (semi-)stable vector bundles on Weierstrass cubic curves.
Rota-Baxter algebras were introduced to solve some analytic and combinatorial problems and have appeared in many fields in mathematics and mathematical physics. Rota-Baxter algebras provide a construction of pre-Lie algebras from associative algebras. In this paper, we give all Rota-Baxter operators of weight 1 on complex associative algebras in dimension $\leq 3$ and their corresponding pre-Lie algebras.
This paper is based on a talk given at the 14-th International Workshop on Differential Geometry and Its Applications, hosted by the Petroleum Gas University from Ploiesti, between July 9-th and July 11-th, 2019. After presenting some historical facts, we will consider some geometry problems related to unification approaches. Jordan algebras and Lie algebras are the main non-associative structures. Attempts to unify non-associative algebras and associative algebras led to UJLA structures. Another algebraic structure which unifies non-associative algebras and associative algebras is the Yang-Ba…
A generalisation of the notion of a Rota-Baxter operator is proposed. This generalisation consists of two operators acting on an associative algebra and satisfying equations similar to the Rota-Baxter equation. Rota-Baxter operators of any weights and twisted Rota-Baxter operators are solutions of the proposed system. It is shown that dendriform algebra structures of a particular kind are equivalent to Rota-Baxter systems. It is shown further that a Rota-Baxter system induces a weak peudotwistor [F. Panaite & F. Van Oystaeyen, Twisted algebras, twisted bialgebras and Rota-Baxter operators, arX…
Rota-Baxter associative algebras and Rota-Baxter Lie algebras are both important in mathematics and mathematical physics, with the former a basic structure in quantum field renormalization and the latter a operator form of the classical Yang-Baxter equation. An outstanding problem posed by Gubarev is to determine whether there is a Poincaré-Birkhoff-Witt theorem for the universal enveloping Rota-Baxter associative algebra of a Rota-Baxter Lie algebra. This paper resolves this problem positively, working with operated algebras and applying the method of Gröbner-Shirshov bases.
In this paper we propose versions of the associative Yang-Baxter equation and higher order $R$-matrix identities which can be applied to quantum dynamical $R$-matrices. As is known quantum non-dynamical $R$-matrices of Baxter-Belavin type satisfy this equation. Together with unitarity condition and skew-symmetry it provides the quantum Yang-Baxter equation and a set of identities useful for different applications in integrable systems. The dynamical $R$-matrices satisfy the Gervais-Neveu-Felder (or dynamical Yang-Baxter) equation. Relation between the dynamical and non-dynamical cases is descr…
This paper studies the concepts of a totally compatible dialgebra and a totally compatible Lie dialgebra, defined to be a vector space with two binary operations that satisfy individual and mixed associativity conditions and Lie algebra conditions respectively. We show that totally compatible dialgebras are closely related to bimodule algebras and semi-homomorphisms. More significantly, Rota-Baxter operators on totally compatible dialgebras provide a uniform framework to generalize known results that Rota-Baxter related operators give tridendriform algebras. Free totally compatible dialgebras …
The Hochschild homology/cohomology an associative algebra, together with the Connes differential, the contraction map and the Lie derivative, forms the structure of calculus. In this paper we compute explicitely the calculus structure of preprojective algebras of Dynkin quivers over a field of characteristic zero. This also completes the work in math.AG/0502301, where the Batalin-Vilkovisky structure of the Hochschild cohomology of preprojective algebras of non-Dynkin quivers are computed and the calculus can be easily computed from that.
We connect generalizations of Poisson algebras with the classical and associative Yang-Baxter equations. In particular, we prove that solutions of the classical Yang-Baxter equation on a vector space V are equivalent to ``twisted'' Poisson algebra structures on the tensor algebra TV. Here, ``twisted'' refers to working in the category of graded vector spaces equipped with S_n-actions in degree n. We show that the associative Yang-Baxter equation is similarly related to the double Poisson algebras of Van den Bergh. We generalize to L-infinity-algebras and define ``infinity'' versions of Yang-Ba…
In this article, we study unitary rational solutions of the associative Yang-Baxter equation with three spectral parameters. We explain how such solutions arise from the geometry of vector bundles on a cuspidal cubic curve. Moreover, we investigate how these solutions are related to the quantum and classical Yang-Baxter equations.
In this note, we consider the problem of constructing knot invariants from Yang-Baxter operators associated to (unitary associative) algebra structures. We first compute the enhancements of these operators. Then, we conclude that Turaev's procedure to construct knot invariants, as modified by Murakami, invariably produces from those enhanced Yang-Baxter operators the Alexander polynomial.
In this paper we introduce the concepts of a Rota-Baxter operator and a differential operator with weights on an $n$-algebra. We then focus on Rota-Baxter 3-Lie algebras and show that they can be derived from Rota-Baxter Lie algebras and pre-Lie algebras and from Rota-Baxter commutative associative algebras with derivations. We also establish the inheritance property of Rota-Baxter 3-Lie algebras.
Following a recent work by C. Bai, O. Bellier, L. Guo, and X. Ni (arXiv:1106.6080) we define what is a dendriform di- or trialgebra in an arbitrary variety Var of algebras (associative, commutative, Poisson, etc.). We prove that every dendriform dialgebra in Var can be embedded into a Rota---Baxter algebra of weight zero in the same variety, and every dendriform trialgebra can be embedded into a Rota---Baxter algebra of nonzero weight.
The paper is devoted to the Poisson brackets compatible with multiplication in associative algebras. These brackets are shown to be quadratic and their relations with the classical Yang--Baxter equation are revealed. The paper also contains a description of Poisson Lie structures on Lie groups whose Lie algebras are adjacent to an associative structure.
Family algebraic structures indexed by a semigroup first appeared in the algebraic aspects of renormalizations in quantum field theory. The concept of the Rota-Baxter family and its relation with (tri)dendriform family algebras have been recently discovered. In this paper, we first consider a notion of $\mathcal{O}$-operator family as a generalization of the Rota-Baxter family and define two variations of associative Yang-Baxter family that produce $\mathcal{O}$-operator families. Given a Hochschild $2$-cocycle on the underlying algebra, we also define a notion of twisted $\mathcal{O}$-operato…
Supersymmetric generalization of q-deformed long-range spin chains of Haldane-Shastry type and trigonometric GL(N|M) solution of associative Yang-Baxter equation
本文用两类三角超对称 R 矩阵构造对合差分算子，证明分次 R 矩阵满足结合 Yang-Baxter 方程，并借助 Polychronakos 冻结技巧得到 q 形变、可含各向异性的新型长程自旋链。
We generalize the FRT construction for the quiver-theoretical quantum Yang-Baxter equation and obtain a left bialgebroid $\mathfrak{A}(w)$. There are some relations between the left bialgebroid $ \mathfrak{A}(w)$ and a left bialgebroid $A_σ$ by the FRT construction for the dynamical Yang-Baxter map.
At the previous congress (CRM 6), we reviewed the construction of Yang-Baxter operators from associative algebras, and presented some (colored) bialgebras and Yang-Baxter systems related to them. The current talk deals with Yang-Baxter operators from (G, θ)-Lie algebras (structures which unify the Lie algebras and the Lie superalgebras). Thus, we produce solutions for the constant and the spectral-parameter Yang-Baxter equations, Yang-Baxter systems, etc. Attempting to present the general framework we review the work of other authors and we propose problems, applications and directions of stud…
Quadratic Poisson brackets on associative algebras are studied. Such a bracket compatible with the multiplication is related to a differentiation in tensor square of the underlying algebra. Jacobi identity means that this differentiation satisfies a classical Yang--Baxter equation. Corresponding Lie groups are canonically equipped with a Poisson Lie structure. A way to quantize such structures is suggested.
Let $R$ be a Hecke solution to the Yang-Baxter equation and $K$ be a reflection equation matrix with coefficients in an associative algebra $\A$. Let $R(x)$ be the baxterization of $R$ and suppose that $K$ satisfies a polynomial equation with coefficients in the center of $\A$. We construct solutions to the reflection equation with spectral parameter relative to $R(x)$, in the form of polynomials in $K$.
In this paper, we construct a bialgebra theory for associative conformal algebras, namely antisymmetric infinitesimal conformal bialgebras. On the one hand, it is an attempt to give conformal structures for antisymmetric infinitesimal bialgebras. On the other hand, under certain conditions, such structures are equivalent to double constructions of Frobenius conformal algebras, which are associative conformal algebras that are decomposed into the direct sum of another associative conformal algebra and its conformal dual as $\mathbb{C}[\partial]$-modules such that both of them are subalgebras an…
In this brief note we would like to report on an observation concerning the relation between Rota-Baxter operators and Loday-type algebras, i.e. dendriform di- and trialgebras. It is shown that associative algebras equipped with a Rota-Baxter operator of arbitrary weight always give such dendriform structures.
We develop a new framework for noncommutative differential geometry based on double derivations. This leads to the notion of moment map and of Hamiltonian reduction in noncommutative symplectic geometry. For any smooth associative algebra B, we define its noncommutative cotangent bundle T^*B, which is a basic example of noncommutative symplectic manifold. Applying Hamiltonian reduction to noncommutative cotangent bundles gives an interesting class of associative algebras, P=P(B), that includes preprojective algebras associated with quivers. Our formalism of noncommutative Hamiltonian reduction…
We introduce an odd supersymmetric version of the Kronecker elliptic function. It satisfies the genus one Fay identity and supersymmetric version of the heat equation. As an application we construct an odd supersymmetric extensions of the elliptic $R$-matrices, which satisfy the classical and the associative Yang-Baxter equations.
The ice Ansatz on matrix solutions of the Yang-Baxter equation is weakened to a condition which we call rime. Generic rime solutions of the Yang-Baxter equation are described. We prove that the rime non-unitary (respectively, unitary) R-matrix is equivalent to the Cremmer-Gervais (respectively, boundary Cremmer-Gervais) solution. Generic rime classical r-matices satisfy the (non-)homogeneous associative classical Yang-Baxter equation.
We discuss double Poisson structures in sense of M. Van den Bergh on free associative algebras focusing on the case of quadratic Poisson brackets. We establish their relations with an associative version of Young-Baxter equations, we study a bi-hamiltonian property of the linear-quadratic pencil of the double Poisson structure and propose a classification of the quadratic double Poisson brackets in the case of the algebra with two free generators. Many new examples of quadratic double Poisson brackets are proposed.
We develop a categorical approach to the dynamical Yang-Baxter equation (DYBE) for arbitrary Hopf algebras. In particular, we introduce the notion of a dynamical extension of a monoidal category, which provides a natural environment for quantum dynamical R-matrices, dynamical twists, {\em etc}. In this context, we define dynamical associative algebras and show that such algebras give quantizations of vector bundles on coadjoint orbits. We build a dynamical twist for any pair of a reductive Lie algebra and their Levi subalgebra. Using this twist, we obtain an equivariant star product quantizati…
We propose a new generalization of the Yang-Baxter equation, where the R-matrix depends on cluster $y$-variables in addition to the spectral parameters. We point out that we can construct solutions to this new equation from the recently-found correspondence between Yang-Baxter equations and supersymmetric gauge theories. The $S^2$ partition function of a certain 2d $\mathcal{N}=(2,2)$ quiver gauge theory gives an R-matrix, whereas its FI parameters can be identified with the cluster $y$-variables.
We study the Yang-Baxter equation for the $R$-matrices of the six-vertex model. We analyze the solutions and give new parametrizations of the Yang-Baxter equation. In particular, we find the maximal commutative families of parametrized solutions which generalize the $R$-matrices from the affine quantum (super)-groups. Then we give a new parametrization of the Yang-Baxter equation by a groupoid of non-free-fermionic matrices. In the appendix, we study the general algebraic structure of the solutions of the Yang-Baxter and formulate a conjecture that extends the conjecture by Brubaker, Bump, and…
We introduce a Hom-type generalization of quantum groups, called quasi-triangular Hom-bialgebras. They are non-associative and non-coassociative analogues of Drinfel'd's quasi-triangular bialgebras, in which the non-(co)associativity is controlled by a twisting map. A family of quasi-triangular Hom-bialgebras can be constructed from any quasi-triangular bialgebra, such as Drinfel'd's quantum enveloping algebras. Each quasi-triangular Hom-bialgebra comes with a solution of the quantum Hom-Yang-Baxter equation, which is a non-associative version of the quantum Yang-Baxter equation. Solutions of …
We present a simple but explicit example of a recent development which connects quantum integrable models with Schubert calculus: there is a purely geometric construction of solutions to the Yang-Baxter equation and their associated Yang-Baxter algebras which play a central role in quantum integrable systems and exactly solvable lattice models in statistical physics. We consider the degenerate five-vertex limit of the asymmetric six-vertex model and identify its associated Yang-Baxter algebra as convolution algebra arising from the equivariant Schubert calculus of Grassmannians. We show how ou…
A new notion of an optimal algebra for a first order coordinate differential was introduced in \cite{BKO}. Some relevant examples are indicated. Quadratic identities in the optimal algebras and calculi on quadratic algebras are studied. Canonical construction of a quantum de Rham complex for the coordinate differential is proposed. The relations between calculi and various generalizations of the Yang--Baxter equation are established.
We will introduce an associative (or quantum) version of Poisson structure tensors. This object is defined as an operator satisfying a "generalized" Rota-Baxter identity of weight zero. Such operators are called generalized Rota-Baxter operators. We will show that generalized Rota-Baxter operators are characterized by a cocycle condition so that Poisson structures are so. By analogy with twisted Poisson structures, we propose a new operator "twisted Rota-Baxter operators" which is a natural generalization of generalized Rota-Baxter operators. It is known that classical Rota-Baxter operators ar…
We construct an associative algebra with a decomposition into the direct sum of the underlying vector spaces of another associative algebra and its dual space such that both of them are subalgebras and the natural symmetric bilinear form is invariant or the natural antisymmetric bilinear form is a Connes cocycle. The former is called a double construction of Frobenius algebra and the latter is called a double construction of Connes cocycle which is interpreted in terms of dendriform algebras. Both of them are equivalent to a kind of bialgebras, namely, antisymmetric infinitesimal bialgebras an…
For a set theoretical solution of the Yang-Baxter equation $(X,σ)$, we define a d.g. bialgebra $B=B(X,σ)$, containing the semigroup algebra $A=k\{X\}/\langle xy=zt : σ(x,y)=(z,t)\rangle$, such that $k\otimes_A B\otimes_Ak$ and $\mathrm{Hom}_{A-A}(B,k)$ are respectively the homology and cohomology complexes computing biquandle homology and cohomology defined in \cite{CJKS} and other generalizations of cohomology of rack-quanlde case (for example defined in \cite{CES}). This algebraic structure allow us to show the existence of an associative product in the cohomology of biquandles, and a compar…
In this article we propose an algebraic system, which is an abelian group $(A,+)$ with a family of non-associative and non-(left)distributive multiplications $\{\cdot_λ\}_{λ\in H}$. We call this algebraic system dynamical brace. The dynamical brace corresponds to a certain dynamical Yang-Baxter map (which is left nondegenerate and satisfy the unitary condition). Combinatorial aspects of the dynamical brace give us a correspondence between the dynamical brace and a certain family of subsets of $A\rtimes Aut(A)$. From this viewpoint we give an interpretation and examples of the dynamical brace.
A class of non-associative and non-coassociative generalizations of cobraided bialgebras, called cobraided Hom-bialgebras, is introduced. The non-(co)associativity in a cobraided Hom-bialgebra is controlled by a twisting map. Several methods for constructing cobraided Hom-bialgebras are given. In particular, Hom-type generalizations of FRT quantum groups, including quantum matrices and related quantum groups, are obtained. Each cobraided Hom-bialgebra comes with solutions of the operator quantum Hom-Yang-Baxter equations, which are twisted analogues of the operator form of the quantum Yang-Bax…
We consider Yang-Baxter equations arising from its associative analog and study corresponding exchange relations. They generate finite-dimensional quantum algebras which have form of coupled ${\rm GL}(N)$ Sklyanin elliptic algebras. Then we proceed to a natural generalization of the Baxter-Belavin quantum $R$-matrix to the case ${\rm Mat}(N,\mathbb C)^{\otimes 2}\otimes {\rm Mat}(M,\mathbb C)^{\otimes 2}$. It can be viewed as symmetric form of ${\rm GL}(NM)$ $R$-matrix in the sense that the Planck constant and the spectral parameter enter (almost) symmetrically. Such type (symmetric) $R$-matri…
