We classify all the surfaces with p_g = q = 0 which admit an unramified covering which is isomorphic to a product of curves. Beyond the trivial case \PP^1 x \PP^1 we find 17 families which we explicitly describe. We reduce the problem to a combinatorial description of certain generating systems for finite groups which we solve using also MAGMA's library of groups of small order.
A projective surface S is said to be isogenous to a product if there exist two smooth curves C, F and a finite group G acting freely on C \times F so that S=(C \times F)/G. In this paper we classify all surfaces with p_g=q=1 which are isogenous to a product.
Regular algebraic surfaces isogenous to a higher product of curves can be obtained from finite groups with ramification structures. We find unmixed ramification structures for finite groups constructed as p-quotients of particular infinite groups with special presentations related to finite projective planes.
Let $S$ be a surface isogenous to a product of curves of unmixed type. After presenting several results useful to study the cohomology of $S$ we prove a structure theorem for the cohomology of regular surfaces isogenous to a product of unmixed type with $χ(\mathcal{O}_S)=2$. In particular we found two families of surfaces of general type with maximal Picard number.
In this paper we give an asymptotic bound of the cardinality of Zariski multiples of particular plane singular curves. These curves have only nodes and cusps as singularities and are obtained as branched curves of ramified covering of the plane by surfaces isogenous to a product of curves with group $(\mathbb{Z}/2\mathbb{Z})^k$. The knowledge of the moduli space of these surfaces will enable us to produce Zariski multiplets whose number grows subexponentialy in function of their degree.
A complex surface $S$ is said to be isogenous to a product if $S$ is a quotient $S=(C_1 \times C_2)/G$ where the $C_i$'s are curves of genus at least two, and $G$ is a finite group acting freely on $C_1 \times C_2$. In this paper we classify all regular surfaces isogenous to a product with $χ(\mathcal O_S) = 2$ under the assumption that the action of $G$ is unmixed i.e. no element of $G$ exchange the factors of the product $C_1 \times C_2$.
This article is a revised version of the talk I gave at the conference ``Beauville Surfaces and groups'' held in Newcastle in June 2012. It presents some group theoretical methods to give bounds on the number of connected components of the moduli space of surfaces of general type, focusing on some families of regular surfaces isogenous to a product of curves.
We use the moduli space of stable curves to determine the stable (in the sense of Kollár-Shepherd-Barron) degenerations of surfaces isogenous to a product of stable curves. A recent family of examples of Catanese show that the moduli space of such smooth surfaces may have two components. The main result of this note is that these components do not meet in the stable compactification. To the best of my knowledge this gives the first example of a moduli space of stable surfaces with multiple connected components parameterizing diffeomorphic smooth surfaces. Comments are appreciated.
Given an elliptic curve $E/k$ and a Galois extension $k'/k$, we construct an exact functor from torsion-free modules over the endomorphism ring ${\rm End}(E_{k'})$ with a semilinear ${\rm Gal}(k'/k)$ action to abelian varieties over $k$ that are $k'$-isogenous to a power of $E$. As an application, we show that every elliptic curve with complex multiplication geometrically is isogenous over the ground field to one with complex multiplication by a maximal order.
From the product of two elliptic curves, Shioda and Inose constructed an elliptic $K3$ surface having two $\mathrm{II}^*$ fibers. Its Mordell-Weil lattice structure depends on the morphisms between the two elliptic curves. In this paper, we give a method of writing down generators of the Mordell-Weil lattice of such elliptic surfaces when two elliptic curves are $3$-isogenous. In particular, we obtain a basis of the Mordell-Weil lattice for the singular $K3$ surfaces $X_{[3,3,3]}$, $X_{[3,2,3]}$ and $X_{[3,0,3]}$.
We construct exceptional sequences of line bundles of maximal length on a family of surfaces isogenous to a higher product of unmixed type with $p_g=q=0$.
A threefold isogenous to a product of curves $X$ is a quotient of a product of three compact Riemann surfaces of genus at least two by the free action of a finite group. In this paper we study these threefolds under the assumption that the group acts diagonally on the product. We show that the classification of these threefolds is a finite problem, present an algorithm to classify them for a fixed value of $χ(\mathcal O_X)$ and explain a method to determine their Hodge numbers. Running an implementation of the algorithm we achieve the full classification of threefolds isogenous to a product of…
In this paper we consider the question of when all Seshadri constants on a product of two isogenous elliptic curves $E_1\times E_2$ without complex multiplication are integers. By studying elliptic curves on $E_1\times E_2$ we translate this question into a purely numerical problem expressed by quadratic forms. By solving that problem, we show that all Seshadri constants on $E_1\times E_2$ are integers if and only if the minimal degree of an isogeny $E_1\to E_2$ equals 1 or 2. Furthermore, this method enables a characterization of irreducible principal polarizations on $E_1\times E_2$.
We study the extent to which curves over finite fields are characterized by their zeta functions and the zeta functions of certain of their covers. Suppose C and C' are curves over a finite field K, with K-rational base points P and P', and let D and D' be the pullbacks (via the Abel-Jacobi map) of the multiplication-by-2 maps on their Jacobians. We say that (C,P) and (C',P') are *doubly isogenous* if Jac(C) and Jac(C') are isogenous over K and Jac(D) and Jac(D') are isogenous over K. For curves of genus 2 whose automorphism groups contain the dihedral group of order eight, we show that the nu…
Let $S=(C \times D)/G$ be a surface isogenous to a higher product of unmixed type with $p_g=q=0$, $G=(\mathbb{Z}/2)^3$ or $(\mathbb{Z}/2)^4$. We construct exceptional sequences of maximal length and quasiphantom categories on $S$.
Let $E$ be an elliptic curve over a field $k$. Let $R:= \text{End}\, E$. There is a functor $\mathscr{H}\!\!\mathit{om}_R(-,E)$ from the category of finitely presented torsion-free left $R$-modules to the category of abelian varieties isogenous to a power of $E$, and a functor $\text{Hom}(-,E)$ in the opposite direction. We prove necessary and sufficient conditions on $E$ for these functors to be equivalences of categories.
In this paper, we study effective, nef and semiample cones of surfaces isogenous to a product of mixed type with $p_g=0$. In particular, we prove that all reducible fake quadrics are Mori dream surfaces.
A smooth algebraic surface $S$ is said to be \emph{isogenous to a product of unmixed type} if there exist two smooth curves $C, F$ and a finite group $G$, acting faithfully on both $C$ and $F$ and freely on their product, so that $S=(C \times F)/G$. In this paper we classify the surfaces of general type with $p_g=q=1$ which are isogenous to an unmixed product, assuming that the group $G$ is abelian. It turns out that they belong to four families, that we call surfaces of type $I, II, III, IV$. The moduli spaces $\mathfrak{M}_{I}, \mathfrak{M}_{II}, \mathfrak{M}_{IV}$ are irreducible, whereas $…
Bauer and Catanese \cite{bauercat} have found 4 families of surfaces of general type with $p_g = q = 0$ which are quotients of the product of curves by the action of finite abelian group. We compute integral homology groups of these surfaces.
A closed Riemann surface $S$ is called a generalized Fermat curve of type $(p,n)$, where $p,n \geq 2$ are integers, if it admits a group $H \cong {\mathbb Z}_{p}^{n}$ of conformal automorphisms so that $S/H$ is an orbifold of genus zero with exactly $n+1$ cone points, each one of order $p$. It is known that $S$ is a fiber product of $(n-1)$ classical Fermat curves of degree $p$ and, for $(p-1)(n-1)>2$, that it is a non-hyperelliptic Riemann surface. In this paper, assuming $p$ to be a prime integer, we provide a decomposition, up to isogeny, of the Jacobian variety $JS$ as a product of Jacobia…
In this note, we describe the possible singularities on a stable surface which is in the boundary of the moduli space of surfaces isogenous to a product. Then we use the $\mathbb Q$-Gorenstein deformation theory to get some connected components of the moduli space of stable surfaces.
We study a relationship between two genus 2 curves whose jacobians are isogenous with kernel equal to a maximal isotropic subspace of p-torsion points with respect to the Weil pairing. For p = 3 we find an explicit relationship between the set of Weierstrass points of the two curves extending the classical results of F. Richelot (1837) and G. Humbert (1901) in the case p = 2.
In recent years there has been an interest in constructing examples of closed Riemann surfaces whose jacobian varieties are isogenous to a product of many elliptic factors and some other jacobian varieties. The first ones, provided by Ekedahl and Serre, are examples for which the isogenous decomposition has all factors being elliptic curves. It is well known that given two elliptic curves $E_{1}$ and $E_{2}$, there is a closed Riemann surface $X$ of genus two, with equations in terms of the elliptic curves, and whose jacobian variety $JX$ is isogenous to $E_{1} \times E_{2}$. In this paper, gi…
In this paper we study \emph{threefolds isogenous to a product of mixed type} i.e. quotients of a product of three compact Riemann surfaces $C_i$ of genus at least two by the action of a finite group $G$, which is free, but not diagonal. In particular, we are interested in the systematic construction and classification of these varieties. Our main result is the full classification of threefolds isogenous to a product of mixed type with $χ(\mathcal O_X)=-1$ assuming that any automorphism in $G$, which restricts to the trivial element in $Aut(C_i)$ for some $C_i$, is the identity on the product.…
Let $K$ be a field of characteristic different from $2$, $\bar{K}$ its algebraic closure. Let $n \ge 3$ be an odd integer. Let $f(x)$ and $h(x)$ be degree $n$ polynomials with coefficients in $K$ and without repeated roots. Let us consider genus $(n-1)/2$ hyperelliptic curves $C_f: y^2=f(x)$ and $C_h: y^2=h(x)$, and their jacobians $J(C_f)$ and $J(C_h)$, which are $(n-1)/2$-dimensional abelian varieties defined over $K$. Suppose that one of the polynomials is irreducible and the other splits completely over $K$. We prove that if $J(C_f)$ and $J(C_h)$ are isogenous over $\bar{K}$ then there is …
We construct exceptional collections of line bundles of maximal length 4 on $S=(C \times D)/G$ which is a surface isogenous to a higher product with $p_g=q=0$ where $G=G(32,27)$ is a finite group of order 32 having number 27 in the list of Magma library. From these exceptional collections, we obtain new examples of quasiphantom categories as their orthogonal complements.
Let p:C-->Y be a covering of smooth, projective curves which is a composition of π:C-->C' of degree 2 and g:C'-->Y of degree n. Let f:X-->Y be the covering of degree 2^n, where the curve X parametrizes the liftings in C^{(n)} of the fibers of g:C'-->Y. Let P(X,δ) be the associated Prym-Tyurin variety, known to be isogenous to the Prym variety P(C,C'). Most of the results in the paper focus on calculating the polarization type of the restriction of the canonical polarization of JX on P(X,δ). We obtain the polarization type when n=3. When Y=P^1 we conjecture that P(X,δ) is isomorphic to the dual…
We give new contributions to the existence problem of canonical surfaces of high degree. We construct several families (indeed, connected components of the moduli space) of surfaces $S$ of general type with $p_g=5,6$ whose canonical map has image $Σ$ of very high degree, $d=48$ for $p_g=5$, $d=56$ for $p_g=6$. And a connected component of the moduli space consisting of surfaces $S$ with $K^2_S = 40, p_g=4, q=0$ whose canonical map has always degree $\geq 2$, and, for the general surface, of degree $2$ onto a canonical surface $Y$ with $K^2_Y = 12, p_g=4, q=0$. The surfaces we consider are SIP …
Let $K$ be a field of characteristic different from $2$, $\bar{K}$ its algebraic closure. Let $n \ge 3$ be an odd prime such that $2$ is a primitive root modulo $n$. Let $f(x)$ and $h(x)$ be degree $n$ polynomials with coefficients in $K$ and without repeated roots. Let us consider genus $(n-1)/2$ hyperelliptic curves $C_f: y^2=f(x)$ and $C_h: y^2=h(x)$, and their jacobians $J(C_f)$ and $J(C_h)$, which are $(n-1)/2$-dimensional abelian varieties defined over $K$. Suppose that one of the polynomials is irreducible and the other reducible. We prove that if $J(C_f)$ and $J(C_h)$ are isogenous ove…
We analyze complex multiplication for Jacobians of curves of genus 3, as well as the resulting Shimura class groups and their subgroups corresponding to Galois conjugation over the reflex field. We combine our results with numerical methods to find CM fields $K$ for which there exist both hyperelliptic and non-hyperelliptic curves whose Jacobian has complex multiplication by $\mathbb{Z}_K$. More precisely, we find all sextic CM fields $K$ in the LMFDB for which (heuristically) Jacobians of both types with CM by $\mathbb{Z}_K$ exist. There turn out to be 14 such fields among the 547,156 sextic …
Let $V$ be a finite dimensional complex linear space and let $G$ be an irreducible finite subgroup of $\GL(V)$. For a $G$-invariant lattice $Λ$ in $V$ of maximal rank, we give a description of structure of the complex torus $V/Λ$. In particular, we prove that for a wide class of groups, $V/Λ$ is isogenous to a self-product of an elliptic curve, and that in many cases $V/Λ$ is isomorphic to a product of mutually isogenous elliptic curves with complex multiplication. We show that there are $G$ and $Λ$ such that the complex torus $V/Λ$ is not an abelian variety but one can always replace $Λ$ by a…
Let $C$ be a smooth projective curve and $G$ a finite subgroup of $\mathrm{Aut}(C)^2\rtimes \mathbb Z_2$ whose action is \textit{mixed}, i.e.~there are elements in $G$ exchanging the two isotrivial fibrations of $C\times C$. Let $G^0\triangleleft G$ be the index two subgroup $G\cap\mathrm{Aut}(C)^2$. If $G^0$ acts freely, then $X:=(C\times C)/G$ is smooth and we call it \textit{semi-isogenous mixed surface}. In this paper we give an algorithm to determine semi-isogenous mixed surfaces with given geometric genus, irregularity and self-intersection of the canonical class. As an application we cl…
We describe the isotypical decomposition of the Jacobian variety JW of the Galois extension W-->T of any fourfold cover of smooth connected irreducible projective complex curves X-->T, in terms of Prym's of intermediate covers. We also compute the degree of the isogenies involved and as a result we obtain new proofs of the bigonal and trigonal constructions. Furthermore, we give examples of families of Jacobians isogenous to a product of Jacobians and of families of Prym varieties isogenous to the product of elliptic curves.
We show that Albanese varieties of abelian covers of projective plane are isogenous to product of isogeny components of abelian varieties associated with singularities of the ramification locus. In particular Albanese varieties of abelian covers of projective plane ramified over arrangements of lines and uniformized by unit ball are isogenous to a product of Jacobians of Fermat curves. Periodicity of the sequence of (semi-abelian) Albanese varieties of unramified cyclic covers of complements to a plane singular curve is shown.
We investigate to what extent an abelian variety over a finite field can be lifted to one in characteristic zero with small Mumford-Tate group. We prove that supersingular abelian surfaces, respectively threefolds, can be lifted to ones isogenous to a square, respectively product, of elliptic curves. On the other hand, we show that supersingular abelian threefolds cannot be lifted to one isogenous to the cube of an elliptic curve over the Witt vectors.
Given a fixed product of non-isogenous abelian varieties at least one of which is general, we show how to construct complete families of indecomposable abelian varieties whose very general fiber is isogenous to the given product and whose connected monodromy group is a product of symplectic groups or is a unitary group. As a consequence, we show how to realize any product of symplectic groups of total rank $g$ as the connected monodromy group of a complete family of $g'$-dimensional abelian varieties for any $g'\ge g$. These methods also yield a construction of a new Kodaira fibration with fib…
We give a survey on the fundamental group of surfaces isogenous to a higher product. If the surfaces are regular, e.g. if they are Beauville surfaces, the first homology group is a finite group. We present a MAGMA script which calculates the first homology groups of regular surfaces isogenous to a product.
A Hurwitz curve is a closed Riemann surface of genus $g \geq 2$ whose group of conformal automorphisms has order $84(g-1)$. In 1895, Wiman proved that for $g=3$ there is, up to isomorphisms, a unique Hurwitz curve; this being Klein's plane quartic curve. Moreover, he also proved that there is no Hurwitz curve of genus $g=2,4,5,6$. Later, in 1965, Macbeath proved the existence, up to isomorphisms, of a unique Hurwitz curve of genus $g=7$; this known as the Fricke-Macbeath curve. Equations were also provided; that being the fiber product of suitable three elliptic curves. In the same year, Edge …
Let $k$ be a field of characteristic zero containing a primitive fifth root of unity. Let $X/k$ be a smooth cubic threefold with an automorphism of order five, then we observe that over a finite extension of the field actually the dihedral group $D_5$ is a subgroup of ${\rm Aut}(X)$. We find that the intermediate Jacobian $J(X)$ of $X$ is isogenous to the product of an elliptic curve $E$ and the self-product of an abelian surface $B$ with real multiplication by $\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{5})$. We give explicit models of some algebraic curves related to the construction of $J(X)$ as a Prym variety. This…
It is well known that the Prym variety of an étale cyclic covering of a hyperelliptic curve is isogenous to the product of two Jacobians. Moreover, if the degree of the covering is odd or congruent to 2 mod 4, then the canonical isogeny is an isomorphism. We compute the degree of this isogeny in the remaining cases and show that only in the case of coverings of degree 4 it is an isomorphism.
We describe a framework for constructing an efficient non-interactive key exchange (NIKE) protocol for n parties for any n >= 2. Our approach is based on the problem of computing isogenies between isogenous elliptic curves, which is believed to be difficult. We do not obtain a working protocol because of a missing step that is currently an open mathematical problem. What we need to complete our protocol is an efficient algorithm that takes as input an abelian variety presented as a product of isogenous elliptic curves, and outputs an isomorphism invariant of the abelian variety. Our framework …
In this note we show that if an abelian variety possesses a Galois embedding into some projective space, then it must be isogenous to the self product of an elliptic curve. We prove moreover that the self product of an elliptic curve always has infinitely many Galois embeddings.
We determine the limiting distribution of the normalized Euler factors of an abelian surface A defined over a number field k when A is isogenous to the square of an elliptic curve defined over k with complex multiplication. As an application, we prove the Sato-Tate Conjecture for Jacobians of Q-twists of the curves y^2=x^5-x and y^2=x^6+1, which give rise to 18 of the 34 possibilities for the Sato-Tate group of an abelian surface defined over Q. With twists of these two curves one encounters, in fact, all of the 18 possibilities for the Sato-Tate group of an abelian surface that is isogenous t…
To a pair of elliptic curves, one can naturally attach two K3 surfaces: the Kummer surface of their product and a double cover of it, called the Inose surface. They have prominently featured in many interesting constructions in algebraic geometry and number theory. There are several more associated elliptic K3 surfaces, obtained through base change of the Inose surface; these have been previously studied by Kuwata. We give an explicit description of the geometric Mordell-Weil groups of each of these elliptic surfaces in the generic case (when the elliptic curves are non-isogenous). In the non-…
We examine Higgs bundles for non-compact real forms of SO(4,C) and the isogenous complex group SL(2,C)XSL(2,C). This involves a study of non-regular fibers in the corresponding Hitchin fibrations and provides interesting examples of non-abelian spectral data.
In this paper we give the asymptotic growth of the number of connected components of the moduli space of surfaces of general type corresponding to certain families of Beauville surfaces with group either $\PSL(2,p)$, or an alternating group, or a symmetric group or an abelian group. We moreover extend these results to regular surfaces isogenous to a higher product of curves.
Let $k$ be a number field. We give an explicit bound, depending only on $[k:\mathbf{Q}]$ and the discriminant of the Néron--Severi lattice, on the size of the Brauer group of a K3 surface $X/k$ that is geometrically isomorphic to the Kummer surface attached to a product of isogenous CM elliptic curves. As an application, we show that the Brauer--Manin set for such a variety is effectively computable. Conditional on GRH, we can also make the explicit bound depend only on $[k:\mathbf{Q}]$ and remove the condition that the elliptic curves be isogenous. In addition, we show how to obtain a bound, …
