Using the action of the Yang-Baxter elements of the Hecke algebra on polynomials, we define two bases of polynomials in n variables. The Hall-Littlewood polynomials are a subfamily of one of them. For q=0, these bases specialize into the two families of classical Key polynomials (i.e. Demazure characters for type A). We give a scalar product for which the two bases are adjoint of each other.
We prove two new summation formulae of Hall-Littlewood polynomials over partitions into bounded parts and derive some new multiple $q$-identities of Rogers-Ramanujan type.
An infinite summation formula of Hall-Littlewood polynomials due to Kawanaka is generalized to a finite summation formula, which implies, as applications, twelve multiple q-identities of Rogers-Ramanujan type.
We investigate the connections between various noncommutative analogues of Hall-Littlewood and Macdonald polynomials, and define some new families of noncommutative symmetric functions depending on two sequences of parameters.
We show that Narayana polynomials are a specialization of row Hall-Littlewood symmetric functions. Using lambda-ring calculus, we generalize to Narayana polynomials the formulas of Koshy and Jonah for Catalan numbers.
In a recent paper Konvalinka and Lauve proved several skew Pieri rules for Hall-Littlewood polynomials. In this note we show that q-analogues of these rules are encoded in a q-binomial theorem for Macdonald polynomials due to Lascoux and the author.
Shifting by \pm 1 powers sums: p_i \to p_i \pm 1 induces a transformation on symmetric functions that we detail in the case of Hall-Littlewood polynomials. By iteration, this gives a description of these polynomials in terms of plane partitions, as well as some generating functions. We recover in particular an identity of Warnaar related to Rogers-Ramanujan identities.
We introduce explicit combinatorial interpretations for the coefficients in some of the transition matrices relating to skew Hall-Littlewood polynomials P_lambda/mu(x;t) and Hivert's quasisymmetric Hall-Littlewood polynomials G_gamma(x;t). More specifically, we provide: 1) the G-expansions of the Hall-Littlewood polynomials P_lambda, the monomial quasisymmetric polynomials M_alpha, the quasisymmetric Schur polynomials S_alpha, and the peak quasisymmetric functions K_alpha; 2) an expansion of P_lambda/mu in terms of the F_alpha's. The F-expansion of P_lambda/mu is facilitated by introducing sta…
We resolve affirmatively some conjectures of Reiner, Stanton, and White \cite{ReinerComm} regarding enumeration of transportation matrices which are invariant under certain cyclic row and column rotations. Our results are phrased in terms of the bicyclic sieving phenomenon introduced by Barcelo, Reiner, and Stanton \cite{BRSBiD}. The proofs of our results use various tools from symmetric function theory such as the Stanton-White rim hook correspondence \cite{SW} and results concerning the specialization of Hall-Littlewood polynomials due to Lascoux, Leclerc, and Thibon \cite{LLTUnity} \cite{LL…
We introduce a new family of noncommutative analogues of the Hall-Littlewood symmetric functions. Our construction relies upon Tevlin's bases and simple q-deformations of the classical combinatorial Hopf algebras. We connect our new Hall-Littlewood functions to permutation tableaux, and also give an exact formula for the q-enumeration of permutation tableaux of a fixed shape. This gives an explicit formula for: the steady state probability of each state in the partially asymmetric exclusion process (PASEP); the polynomial enumerating permutations with a fixed set of weak excedances according t…
A theorem due to Tokuyama expresses Schur polynomials in terms of Gelfand-Tsetlin patterns, providing a deformation of the Weyl character formula and two other classical results, Stanley's formula for the Schur $q$-polynomials and Gelfand's parametrization for the Schur polynomial. We generalize Tokuyama's formula to the Hall-Littlewood polynomials by extending Tokuyama's statistics. Our result, in addition to specializing to Tokuyama's result and the aforementioned classical results, also yields connections to the monomial symmetric function and a new deformation of Stanley's formula.
We provide a combinatorial description of the coefficients appearing in the expansion of Hall-Littlewood polynomials in terms of monomial symmetric functions. We also give a Littlewood-Richardson rule for Hall-Littlewood polynomials. For proving this we use galleries to calculate Satake coefficients and structure constants of spherical Hecke algebras with arbitrary parameters.
We construct an action of the Hecke algebra $H_n(q)$ on a quotient of the polynomial ring $F[x_1, \dots, x_n]$, where $F = \mathbb{Q}(q)$. The dimension of our quotient ring is the number of $k$-block ordered set partitions of $\{1, 2, \dots, n \}$. This gives a quantum analog of a construction of Haglund-Rhoades-Shimozono and interpolates between their result at $q = 1$ and work of Huang-Rhoades at $q = 0$.
Hall-Littlewood functions indexed by rectangular partitions, specialized at primitive roots of unity, can be expressed as plethysms. We propose a combinatorial proof of this formula using A. Schilling's bijection between ribbon tableaux and ribbon rigged configurations.
We prove an identity for Hall--Littlewood symmetric functions labelled by the Lie algebra A_2. Through specialization this yields a simple proof of the A_2 Rogers--Ramanujan identities of Andrews, Schilling and the author.
We give a formula for pushing forward the classes of Hall-Littlewood polynomials in Grassmann bundles, generalizing Gysin formulas for Schur S- and Q-functions.
We study the Gaussent-Littelmann formula for Hall-Littlewood polynomials and we develop combinatorial tools to describe the formula in a purely combinatorial way for type A_n, B_n and C_n. This description is in terms of Young tableaux and arises from identifying one-skeleton galleries that appear in the Gaussent-Littelmann formula with Young tableaux. Furthermore, we show by using these tools that the Gaussent-Littelmann formula and the well-known Macdonald formula for Hall-Littlewood polynomials for type A_n are the same.
Cohen-Lenstra heuristics for Jacobians of random graphs give rise to random partitions. We connect these random partitions to the Hall-Littlewood polynomials of symmetric function theory, and use this connection to give combinatorial proofs of properties of these random partitions. In addition, we use Markov chains to give an algorithm for generating these partitions.
For any Schur function $s_ν$, the associated {\em delta operator} $Δ'_{s_ν}$ is a linear operator on the ring of symmetric functions which has the modified Macdonald polynomials as an eigenbasis. When $ν= (1^{n-1})$ is a column of length $n-1$, the symmetric function $Δ'_{e_{n-1}} e_n$ appears in the Shuffle Theorem of Carlsson-Mellit. More generally, when $ν= (1^{k-1})$ is any column the polynomial $Δ'_{e_{k-1}} e_n$ is the symmetric function side of the Delta Conjecture of Haglund-Remmel-Wilson. We give an expansion of $ωΔ'_{s_ν} e_n$ at $t = 0$ in the dual Hall-Littlewood basis for any part…
The classical Littlewood-Richardson rule is a rule for computing coefficients in many areas, and comes in many guises. In this paper we prove two Littlewood-Richardson rules for symmetric skew quasisymmetric Schur functions that are analogous to the famed version of the classical Littlewood-Richardson rule involving Yamanouchi words. Furthermore, both our rules contain this classical Littlewood-Richardson rule as a special case. We then apply our rules to combinatorially classify symmetric skew quasisymmetric Schur functions. This answers affirmatively a conjecture of Bessenrodt, Luoto and van…
We propose a new formulation of Hall polynomials in terms of honeycombs, which were previously introduced in the context of the Littlewood--Richardson rule. We prove a Pieri rule and associativity for our honeycomb formula, thus showing equality with Hall polynomials. Our proofs are linear algebraic in nature, extending nontrivially the corresponding bijective results for ordinary Littlewood--Richardson coefficients [A. Knutson, T. Tao, C. Woodward, 2004].
In previous work we showed that two apparently unrelated formulas for the Hall-Littlewood polynomials of type A are, in fact, closely related. The first is the tableau formula obtained by specializing q=0 in the Haglund-Haiman-Loehr formula for Macdonald polynomials. The second is the type $A$ instance of Schwer's formula (rephrased and rederived by Ram) for Hall-Littlewood polynomials of arbitrary finite type; Schwer's formula is in terms of so-called alcove walks, which originate in the work of Gaussent-Littelmann and of the author with Postnikov on discrete counterparts to the Littelmann pa…
Fully inhomogeneous spin Hall-Littlewood symmetric rational functions $F_λ$ are multiparameter deformations of the classical Hall-Littlewood symmetric polynomials and can be viewed as partition functions in $\mathfrak{sl}(2)$ higher spin six vertex models. We obtain a refined Littlewood identity expressing a weighted sum of $F_λ$'s over all partitions $λ$ with even multiplicities as a certain Pfaffian. This Pfaffian can be derived as a partition function of the six vertex model in a triangle with suitably decorated domain wall boundary conditions. The proof is based on the Yang-Baxter equation…
The $Δ$-Springer varieties are a generalization of Springer fibers introduced by Levinson, Woo, and the author that have connections to the Delta Conjecture from algebraic combinatorics. We prove a positive Hall-Littlewood expansion formula for the graded Frobenius characteristic of the cohomology ring of a $Δ$-Springer variety. We do this by interpreting the Frobenius characteristic in terms of counting points over a finite field $\mathbb{F}_q$ and partitioning the $Δ$-Springer variety into copies of Springer fibers crossed with affine spaces. As a special case, our proof method gives a geome…
We give a new description of the Pieri rule for k-Schur functions using the Bruhat order on the affine type-A Weyl group. In doing so, we prove a new combinatorial formula for representatives of the Schubert classes for the cohomology of affine Grassmannians. We show how new combinatorics involved in our formulas gives the Kostka-Foulkes polynomials and discuss how this can be applied to study the transition matrices between Hall-Littlewood and k-Schur functions.
A family of vertex operators that generalizes those given by Jing for the Hall-Littlewood symmetric functions is presented. These operators produce symmetric functions related to the Poincare polynomials referred to as generalized Kostka polynomials in the same way that Jing's operator produces symmetric functions related to Kostka-Foulkes polynomials. These operators are then used to derive commutation relations and new relations involving the generalized Kostka coefficients. Such relations may be interpreted as identities in the (GL(n) x C^*)-equivariant K-theory of the nullcone.
We produce skew Pieri Rules for Hall--Littlewood functions in the spirit of Assaf and McNamara. The first two were conjectured by the first author. The key ingredients in the proofs are a q-binomial identity for skew partitions and a Hopf algebraic identity that expands products of skew elements in terms of the coproduct and the antipode.
We define a solitary game, the Yamanouchi toppling game, on any connected graph of n vertices. The game arises from the well-known chip-firing game when the usual relation of equivalence defined on the set of all configurations is replaced by a suitable partial order. The set all firing sequences of length m that the player is allowed to perform in the Yamanouchi toppling game is shown to be in bijection with all standard Young tableaux whose shape is a partition of the integer m with at most n-1 parts. The set of all configurations that a player can obtain from a starting configuration is enc…
The Rogers-Ramanujan identities have been studied from the viewpoints of combinatorics, number theory, affine Lie algebras, statistical mechanics, and quantum field theory. This note connects the Rogers-Ramanujan identities with the finite general linear groups and the Hall-Littlewood polynomials of symmetric function theory.
We study the effect of linear transformations on quantum fields with applications to vertex operator presentations of symmetric functions. Properties of linearly transformed quantum fields and corresponding transformations of Hall-Littlewood polynomials are described, including preservation of commutation relations, stability, explicit combinatorial formulas and generating functions. We prove that specializations of linearly transformed Hall-Littlewood polynomials describe all polynomial tau functions of the KP and the BKP hierarchy. Examples of linear transformations are related to multiparam…
We introduce a new basis of the non-commutative symmetric functions whose commutative images are Schur functions. Dually, we build a basis of the quasi-symmetric functions which expand positively in the fundamental quasi-symmetric functions and decompose Schur functions. We then use the basis to construct a non-commutative lift of the Hall-Littlewood symmetric functions with similar properties to their commutative counterparts.
We give a direct geometric interpretation of the path model using galleries in the $1-$skeleton of the Bruhat-Tits building associated to a semi-simple algebraic group. This interpretation allows us to compute the coefficients of the expansion of the Hall-Littlewood polynomials in the monomial basis. The formula we obtain is a "geometric compression" of the one proved by Schwer, its specialization to the case ${\tt A}_n$ turns out to be equivalent to Macdonald's formula.
This paper uses the theory of dual equivalence graphs to give explicit Schur expansions for several families of symmetric functions. We begin by giving a combinatorial definition of the modified Macdonald polynomials and modified Hall-Littlewood polynomials indexed by any diagram $δ\subset {\mathbb Z} \times {\mathbb Z}$, written as $\widetilde H_δ(X;q,t)$ and $\widetilde H_δ(X;0,t)$, respectively. We then give an explicit Schur expansion of $\widetilde H_δ(X;0,t)$ as a sum over a subset of the Yamanouchi words, as opposed to the expansion using the charge statistic given in 1978 by Lascoux an…
A recent breakthrough in the theory of (type A) Macdonald polynomials is due to Haglund, Haiman and Loehr, who exhibited a combinatorial formula for these polynomials in terms of a pair of statistics on fillings of Young diagrams. The inversion statistic, which is the more intricate one, suffices for specializing a closely related formula to one for the type A Hall-Littlewood Q-polynomials (spherical functions on p-adic groups). An apparently unrelated development, at the level of arbitrary finite root systems, led to Schwer's formula (rephrased and rederived by Ram) for the Hall-Littlewood P-…
We present a new combinatorial formula for Hall-Littlewood functions associated with the affine root system of type $\tilde A_{n-1}$, i.e. corresponding to the affine Lie algebra $\hat{\mathfrak{sl}}_n$. Our formula has the form of a sum over the elements of a basis constructed by Feigin, Jimbo, Loktev, Miwa and Mukhin in the corresponding irreducible representation. Our formula can be viewed as a weighted sum of exponentials of integer points in a certain infinite-dimensional convex polyhedron. We derive a weighted version of Brion's theorem and then apply it to our polyhedron to prove the fo…
We introduce a randomized Hall-Littlewood RSK algorithm and study its combinatorial and probabilistic properties. On the probabilistic side, a new model --- the Hall-Littlewood RSK field --- is introduced. Its various degenerations contain known objects (the stochastic six vertex model, the asymmetric simple exclusion process) as well as a variety of new ones. We provide formulas for a rich class of observables of these models, extending existing results about Macdonald processes. On the combinatorial side, we establish analogs of properties of the classical RSK algorithm: invertibility, symme…
We prove a positivity theorem for a certain family of operators defined in terms of the stochastic six-vertex model. We explore connections of this result with other vertex models and $t$-deformed Schensted insertions.
We study Hall-Littlewood polynomials using an integrable lattice model of $t$-deformed bosons. Working with row-to-row transfer matrices, we review the construction of Hall-Littlewood polynomials (of the $A_n$ root system) within the framework of this model. Introducing appropriate double-row transfer matrices, we extend this formalism to Hall-Littlewood polynomials based on the $BC_n$ root system, and obtain a new combinatorial formula for them. We then apply our methods to prove a series of refined Cauchy and Littlewood identities involving Hall-Littlewood polynomials. The last two of these …
A breakthrough in the theory of (type A) Macdonald polynomials is due to Haglund, Haiman and Loehr, who exhibited a combinatorial formula for these polynomials in terms of fillings of Young diagrams. Recently, Ram and Yip gave a formula for the Macdonald polynomials of arbitrary type in terms of the corresponding affine Weyl group. In this paper, we show that a Haglund-Haiman-Loehr type formula follows naturally from the more general Ram-Yip formula, via compression. Then we extend this approach to the Hall-Littlewood polynomials of type C, which are specializations of the corresponding Macdon…
Here we consider the $q$-series coming from the Hall-Littlewood polynomials, \begin{equation*} R_ν(a,b;q)=\sum_{\substack{λ\\[1pt] λ_1\leq a}} q^{c|λ|} P_{2λ}\big(1,q,q^2,\dots;q^{2b+d}\big). \end{equation*} These series were defined by Griffin, Ono, and Warnaar in their work on the framework of the Rogers-Ramanujan identities. We devise a recursive method for computing the coefficients of these series when they arise within the Rogers-Ramanujan framework. Furthermore, we study the congruence properties of certain quotients and products of these series, generalizing the famous Ramanujan congru…
We prove that the joint distribution of the values of the height function for the stochastic six vertex model in a quadrant along a down-right path coincides with that for the lengths of the first columns of partitions distributed according to certain Hall-Littlewood processes. In the limit when one of the quadrant axes becomes continuous, we also show that the two-dimensional random field of the height function values has the same distribution as the lengths of the first columns of partitions from certain ascending Hall-Littlewood processes evolving under a Robinson-Schensted-Knuth type Marko…
It is well known that if one integrates a Schur function indexed by a partition $λ$ over the symplectic (resp. orthogonal) group, the integral vanishes unless all parts of $λ$ have even multiplicity (resp. all parts of $λ$ are even). In a recent paper of Rains and Vazirani, Macdonald polynomial generalizations of these identities and several others were developed and proved using Hecke algebra techniques. However at $q=0$ (the Hall-Littlewood level), these approaches do not work, although one can obtain the results by taking the appropriate limit. In this paper, we develop a direct approach fo…
We connect twisted vertex operator presentation of Hall-Littlewood polynomials with the action of charged free fermions, describe a boson-fermion correspondence that relates twisted vertex operators with classical Heisenberg algebra. We also show that the elements of the orthogonal to Schur functions basis of the one-parameter deformation of the ring of symmetric functions $Λ[t]$ are $τ$-functions of KP hierarchy.
Employing bijectivisation of summation identities, we introduce local stochastic moves based on the Yang-Baxter equation for $U_q(\widehat{\mathfrak{sl}_2})$. Combining these moves leads to a new object which we call the spin Hall-Littlewood Yang-Baxter field - a probability distribution on two-dimensional arrays of particle configurations on the discrete line. We identify joint distributions along down-right paths in the Yang-Baxter field with spin Hall-Littlewood processes, a generalization of Schur processes. We consider various degenerations of the Yang-Baxter field leading to new dynamic …
Koornwinder polynomials are a 6-parameter BC_n-symmetric family of Laurent polynomials indexed by partitions, from which Macdonald polynomials can be recovered in suitable limits of the parameters. As in the Macdonald polynomial case, standard constructions via difference operators do not allow one to directly control these polynomials at q=0. In the first part of this paper, we provide an explicit construction for these polynomials in this limit, using the defining properties of Koornwinder polynomials. Our formula is a first step in developing the analogy between Hall-Littlewood polynomials …