An differential field $(F;\partial_1,...,\partial_m)$ of characteristic zero, a subgroup $H$ of affine group $ GL(n,C)\propto C^n$ with respect to its identical representation in $F^n$ and the following two fields of differential rational functions in $x=(x_1,x_2,...,x_n)$-column vector, $$C< x, \partial >^H=\{f^{\partial}< x> \in C< x, \partial> : f^{\partial}< hx+ h_0> = f^{\partial}< x> {whenever} (h,h_0)\in H \},$$ $$C< x, \partial>^{(GL^{\partial}(m,F),H)}=\{f^{\partial}< x> \in C< x, \partial> : f^{g^{-1}\partial}< hx+ h_0> = f^{\partial}< x> {whenever} g\in GL^{\partial}(m,F) {and} (h,h_0)\in H \}$$ are considered, where $C$ is the constant field of $(F,\partial)$, $C< x, \partial>$ is the field of $\partial$-differential rational functions in $x_1,x_2,...,x_n$ over $C$ and $$GL^{\partial}(m,F)= \{g=(g_{jk})_{j,k=\bar{1,m}}\in GL(m,F): \partial_ig_{jk}= \partial_jg_{ik} {for} i,j,k=\bar{1,m}\}$$, $\partial$ stands for the column-vector with the "coordinates" $\partial_1,. . >.,\partial_m$. In the paper these two fields are described.
We construct explicitly a family of proper subgroups of the tame automorphism group of affine three-space (in any characteristic) which are generated by the affine subgroup and a non-affine tame automorphism. One important corollary is the titular result that settles negatively the open question (in characteristic zero) of whether the affine subgroup is a maximal subgroup of the tame automorphism group. We also prove that all groups of this family have the structure of an amalgamated free product of the affine group and a finite group over their intersection.
We prove that, in characteristic zero, closed subgroups of the polynomial automorphisms group containing the affine group contain the whole tame group.
We describe a family of rational affine surfaces S with huge groups of automorphisms in the following sense: the normal subgroup of Aut(S) generated by all its algebraic subgroups is not generated by any countable family of such subgroups, and the quotient of Aut(S) by this subgroup contains a free group over an uncountable set of generators.
Let $X$ be an irreducible affine algebraic variety that is spherical with respect to an action of a connected reductive group $G$. In this paper we provide sufficient conditions, formulated in terms of weight combinatorics, for the existence of one-parameter additive actions on $X$ normalized by a Borel subgroup $B \subset G$. As an application, we prove that every $G$-stable prime divisor in $X$ can be connected with the open $G$-orbit by means of a suitable $B$-normalized one-parameter additive action.
We prove that any smooth rational projective surface over the field of complex numbers has an open covering consisting of 3 subsets isomorphic to affine planes.
We describe a method to construct completions of affine spaces into total spaces of $\mathbb{Q}$-factorial terminal Mori fiber spaces over the projective line. As an application we provide families of examples with non-rational, birationally rigid and non-stably rational general fibers.
A toroidal affine Nash group is the affine Nash group analogue of an anti-affine algebraic group. In this note, we prove analogues of Rosenlicht's structure and decomposition theorems: (1) Every affine Nash group $G$ has a smallest normal affine Nash subgroup $H$ such that $G/H$ is an almost linear affine Nash group, and this $H$ is toroidal. (2) If $G$ is a connected affine Nash group, then there exist a largest toroidal affine Nash subgroup $\ant{G}$ and a largest connected, normal, almost linear affine Nash subgroup $\aff{G}$. Moreover, we have $G=\ant{G}\aff{G}$, and $\ant{G}\cap \aff{G}$ …
For an affine spherical homogeneous space G/H of a connected semisimple algebraic group G, we consider the factorization morphism by the action on G/H of a maximal unipotent subgroup of G. We prove that this morphism is equidimensional if and only if the weight semigroup of G/H satisfies some simple condition.
In this work we show that the homogeneous space of an affine algebraic group $G$ by a one-dimensional unipotent subgroup $H$ is affine if and only if the subgroup is not contained in any reductive subgroup of $G$.
Let $k$ be an algebraically closed field of characteristic $p>0$ and let $C/k$ be a smooth connected affine curve. Denote by $π_1(C)$ its algebraic fundamental group. The goal of this paper is to characterize a certain subset of closed normal subgroups $N$ of $π_1(C)$. In "Normal subgroups of fundamental groups of affine curves in positive characteristic" we proved the same result under the additional hypothesis that $k$ had countable cardinality.
Let $π_1(C)$ be the algebraic fundamental group of a smooth connected affine curve, defined over an algebraically closed field of characteristic $p>0$ of countable cardinality. Let $N$ be a normal (resp. characteristic) subgroup of $π_1(C)$. Under the hypothesis that the quotient $π_1(C)/N$ admits an infinitely generated Sylow $p$-subgroup, we prove that $N$ is indeed isomorphic to a normal (resp. characteristic) subgroup of a free profinite group of countable cardinality. As a consequence, every proper open subgroup of $N$ is a free profinite group of countable cardinality.
For a transitive subgroup $G \le S_6$ which contain $C_3 \times C_3$ as subgroup, we prove that $K(x_1,\dots,x_6)^G$ is rational over $K$, where $K$ is any field, and $G$ acts naturally on $K(x_1,\dots,x_6)$ by permutations on the variables. We also give an application on construction of generic polynomials.
An ordinary differential field $(F,d)$ of characteristic zero, a subgroup $H$ of affine group $ GL(n,C)\propto C^n$ with respect to its identical representation in $F^n$ and the following two fields of differential rational functions in $x=(x_1,x_2,...,x_n)$-column vector, $$C< x, d>^H=\{f^d< x> \in C< x, d> : f^d< hx+ h_0> = f^d< x> {for any} (h,h_0)\in H \},$$ $$C< x, d>^{(F^*,H)}=\{f^d< x> \in C< x, d> : f^{g^{-1}d}< hx+ h_0> = f^d< x> {for any} g\in F^* {and} (h,h_0)\in H \}$$ are considered, where $C$ is the constant field of $(F,d)$ and $C< x, d>$ is the field of differential rational fu…
The goal of this paper is to introduce a new constructive geometric proof of the affine version of Chevalley's Theorem. This proof is algorithmic and a verbatim implementation resulted in an efficient code for computing the constructible image of rational maps between affine varieties. Our approach extends the known descriptions of uniform matrix product states to $\operatorname{uMPS}(2,2,5)$
We consider fibrations by affine lines on smooth affine surfaces obtained as complements of smooth rational curves $B$ in smooth projective surfaces $X$ defined over an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero. We observe that except for two exceptions, these surfaces $X \setminus B$ admit infinitely many families of $\mathbb{A}^1$-fibrations over the projective line with irreducible fibers and a unique singular fiber of arbitrarily large multiplicity. For $\mathbb{A}^1$-fibrations over the affine line, we give a new and essentially self-contained proof that the set of equivalence cla…
A closed subgroup H of the affine, algebraic group G is called observable if G/H is a quasi-affine algebraic variety. In this paper we define the notion of an observable subgroup of the affine, algebraic monoid M. We prove that a subgroup H of G is observable in M if and only if H is closed in M and there are "enough" H-semiinvariant functions in K[M]. We show also that a closed, normal subgroup H of G (the unit group of M) is observable in M if and only if it is closed in M. In such a case there exists a determinant $χ: M \to K$ such that $H\subset ker(χ)$. As an application, we show that in …
Given a connected reductive algebraic group $G$ and a Borel subgroup $B \subseteq G$, we study $B$-normalized one-parameter additive group actions on affine spherical $G$-varieties. We establish basic properties of such actions and their weights and discuss many examples exhibiting various features. We propose a construction of such actions that generalizes the well-known construction of normalized one-parameter additive group actions on affine toric varieties. Using this construction, for every affine horospherical $G$-variety $X$ we obtain a complete description of all $G$-normalized one-par…
In this article, we determine the structure of the $p$-primary subgroup of the cuspidal rational torsion subgroup of the Jacobian $J_1(p^n)$ of the modular curve $X_1(p^n)$ for a regular prime $p$.
For any field K and any transitive subgroup G of S_8, let G acts naturally on K(x_1, . . ., x_8) by permutations of the variables, we prove that under some minor conditions K(x_1, . . ., x_8)^G is always K-rational except G is A_8 or G is isomorphic to PGL(2, 7). We pay special attentions on the characteristic 2 cases.
Consider a finite l-group acting on the affine space of dimension n over a field k, whose characteristic differs from l. We prove the existence of a fixed point, rational over k, in the following cases: --- The field k is p-special for some prime p different from its characteristic. --- The field k is perfect and fertile, and n = 3.
Let $A$ be an elliptic curve over $\Q$ of square free conductor $N$. We prove that if $A$ has a rational torsion point of prime order $r$ such that $r$ does not divide $6N$, then $r$ divides the order of the cuspidal subgroup of $J_0(N)$.
Let $G$ be a subgroup of $S_n$, the symmetric group of degree $n$. For any field $k$, $G$ acts naturally on the rational function field $k(x_1,x_2,\ldots,x_n)$ via $k$-automorphisms defined by $σ\cdot x_i=x_{σ(i)}$ for any $σ\in G$, any $1\le i\le n$. Theorem. If $n\le 5$, then the fixed field $k(x_1,\ldots,x_n)^G$ is purely transcendental over $k$. We will show that $\bm{C}(x_1,\ldots,x_7)^G$ is also purely transcendental over $\bm{C}$ if $G$ is any transitive subgroups of $S_7$ other than $A_7$; a similar result is valid for solvable transitive subgroups of $S_{11}$.
Let $G$ be a connected reductive group over a perfect field $k$. We study a certain normal reductive monoid $\overline M$ associated to a parabolic $k$-subgroup $P$ of $G$. The group of units of $\overline M$ is the Levi factor $M$ of $P$. We show that $\overline M$ is a retract of the affine closure of the quasi-affine variety $G/U(P)$. Fixing a parabolic $P^-$ opposite to $P$, we prove that the affine closure of $G/U(P)$ is a retract of the affine closure of the boundary degeneration $(G \times G)/(P \times_M P^-)$. Using idempotents, we relate $\overline M$ to the Vinberg semigroup of $G$. …
Let $\GroupG$ be a connected reductive algebraic group, $\GroupH \subsetneq \GroupG$ a reductive subgroup and $\GroupT \subset \GroupG$ a maximal torus. It is well known that if charactersitic of the ground field is zero, then the homogeneous space $\GroupG/\GroupH$ is a smooth affine variety, but never an affine space. The situation changes when one passes to double coset varieties $\dcosets{\GroupF}{\GroupG}{\GroupH}$. In this paper we consider the case of $\GroupG$ classical and $\GroupH$ connected spherical and prove that either the double coset variety $\dcosets{\GroupT}{\GroupG}{\GroupH}…
We provide the existence, for every complex rational smooth affine curve $Γ$, of a linear action of $\mathrm{Aut}(Γ)$ on the affine 3-dimensional space $\mathbb{A}^3$, together with a $\mathrm{Aut}(Γ)$-equivariant closed embedding of $Γ$ into $\mathbb{A}^3$. It is not possible to decrease the dimension of the target, the reason for this obstruction is also precisely described.
Let G be a commutative algebraic group over Q. Let Gamma be a subgroup of G(Q) contained in the union of the compact subgroups of G(Q_p). We formulate a guess for the dimension of the closure of Gamma in G(Q_p), and show that its correctness for certain tori is equivalent to Leopoldt's conjecture.
Let G be the (special) affine group, semidirect product of SL_n and C^n. In this paper we study the representation theory of G and in particular the question of rationality for V/G where V is a generically free G-representation. We show that the answer to this question is positive if the dimension of V is sufficiently large and V is indecomposable. We have a more precise theorem if V is a two-step extension 0 -> S -> V -> Q -> 0 with S, Q completely reducible.
We establish estimates for the number of solutions of certain affine congruences. These estimates are then used to prove Manin's conjecture for a cubic surface split over Q and whose singularity type is D_4. This improves on a result of Browning and answers a problem posed by Tschinkel.
A rational group of hermitian type is an algebraic group over the rational numbers whose symmetric space is a hermitian symmetric space. We assume such a group $G$ to be given, which we assume is isotropic. Then, for any rational parabolic $P$ in the group $G$, we find a reductive rational subgroup $N$ closely related with $P$ by a relation we call incidence. This has implications to the geometry of arithmetic quotients of the symmetric space by arithmetic subgroups of $G$, in the sense that $N$ defines a subvariety on such an arithmetic quotient which has special behaviour at the cusp corresp…
In this paper we show that not all affine rational complex surfaces can be parametrized birationally and surjectively. For this purpose, we prove that, if S is an affine complex surface whose projective closure is smooth, a necessary condition for S to admit a birational surjective parametrization from an open subset of the affine complex plane is that the infinity curve of S must contain at least one rational component. As a consequence of this result we provide examples of affine rational surfaces that do not admit birational surjective parametrizations.
For a positive integer $N$, let $\mathscr{C}_N(\mathbb{Q})$ be the rational cuspidal subgroup of $J_0(N)$ and $\mathscr{C}(N)$ be the rational cuspidal divisor class group of $X_0(N)$, which are both subgroups of the rational torsion subgroup of $J_0(N)$. We prove that two groups $\mathscr{C}_N(\mathbb{Q})$ and $\mathscr{C}(N)$ are equal when $N=p^2M$ for any prime $p$ and any squarefree integer $M$. To achieve this we show that all modular units on $X_0(N)$ can be written as products of certain functions $F_{m, h}$, which are constructed from generalized Dedekind eta functions. Also, we deter…
Let L be k((ε)), where k is an algebraic closure of a finite field with q elements and εis an indeterminate, and let σbe the Frobenius automorphism. Let G be a split connected reductive group over the fixed field of σin L, and let I be the Iwahori subgroup of G(L) associated to a given Borel subgroup of G. Let W be the extended affine Weyl group of G. Given x in W and b in G(L), we have some subgroup of G(L) that acts on the affine Deligne-Lusztig variety X_x(b) = {gI in G(L)/I : g^{-1}bσ(g) is in IxI} and hence a representation of this subgroup on the Borel-Moore homology of the variety. We i…
Exploring Bass' Triangulability Problem on unipotent algebraic subgroups of the affine Cremona groups, we prove a triangulability criterion, the existence of nontriangulable connected solvable affine algebraic subgroups of the Cremona groups, and stable triangulability of such subgroups; in particular, in the stable range we answer Bass' Triangulability Problem is the affirmative. To this end we prove a theorem on invariant subfields of $1$-extensions. We also obtain a general construction of all rationally triangulable subgroups of the Cremona groups and, as an application, classify rationall…
Schubert varieties in finite dimensional flag manifolds G/P are a well-studied family of projective varieties indexed by elements of the corresponding Weyl group W. In particular, there are many tests for smoothness and rational smoothness of these varieties. One key result due to Lakshmibai-Sandhya is that in type A the smooth Schubert varieties are precisely those that are indexed by permutations that avoid the patterns 4231 and 3412. Recently, there has been a flurry of research related to the infinite dimensional analogs of flag manifolds corresponding with G being a Kac-Moody group and W …
A smooth variety is called uniformly rational if every point admits a Zariski open neighborhood isomorphic to a Zariski open subset of the affine space. In this note we show that every smooth and rational affine variety endowed with an algebraic torus action such that the algebraic quotient has dimension 0 or 1 is uniformly rational.
Let $p$ be a prime, let $V/\mathbb{F}_p$ be an absolutely irreducible affine variety inside the affine $r$-space. In this paper, we consider the problem of how often a box $B$ will contain the expected number of points. In particular, we give a lower bound on the volume of $B$ that guarantees almost all translations of $B$ in the $r$-space contain the expected number of points. This shows that the Weil estimate holds in smaller regions in an "almost all" sense.
We explain an algorithm to calculate Arthur's weighted orbital integral in terms of the number of rational points on the fundamental domain of the associated affine Springer fiber. The strategy is to count the number of rational points of the truncated affine Springer fibers in two ways: by the Arthur-Kottwitz reduction and by the Harder-Narasimhan reduction. A comparison of results obtained from these two approaches gives us recurrence relations between the number of rational points on the fundamental domains of the affine Springer fibers and Arthur's weighted orbital integrals. As an example…
We characterize rational actions of the additive group on algebraic varieties defined over a field of characteristic zero in terms of a suitable integrability property of their associated velocity vector fields. This extends the classical correspondence between regular actions of the additive group on affine algebraic varieties and the so-called locally nilpotent derivations of their coordinate rings. This leads in particular to a complete characterization of regular additive group actions on semi-affine varieties in terms of their associated vector fields. Among other applications, we review …
We determine the set of connected components of closed affine Deligne-Lusztig varieties for hyperspecial maximal parahoric subgroups of unramified connected reductive groups. This extends the work by Viehmann for split reductive groups, and the work by Chen-Kisin-Viehmann on minuscule affine Deligne-Lusztig varieties.
We give an interpretation of the double affine Hecke algebra of Cherednik as the (suitably regularized) algebra of double cosets of a group G by a subgroup J, extending the well known interpretations of finite and affine Hecke algebras. In this interpretation, G consists of K-points of a split reductive group where K is a 2-dimensional local field such as Q_p((t)) or F_q((t_1))((t_2)), and J is a certain analog of the Iwahori subgroup.
