Jalal Shatah, Chongchun Zeng
In this paper we derive estimates to the free boundary problem for the Euler equation with surface tension, and without surface tension provided the Rayleigh-Taylor sign condition holds. We prove that as the surface tension tends to zero, when the Rayleigh-Taylor condition is satisfied, solutions converge to the Euler flow with zero surface tension.
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We prove new \emph{a priori} estimates for the 3D Euler, the 3D Navier-Stokes and the 2D quasi-geostrophic equations by the method of similarity transforms.
We prove a priori estimates for the three-dimensional compressible Euler equations with moving {\it physical} vacuum boundary, with an equation of state given by $p(ρ) = C_γρ^γ$ for $γ>1$. The vacuum condition necessitates the vanishing of the pressure, and hence density, on the dynamic boundary, which creates a degenerate and characteristic hyperbolic {\it free-boundary} system to which standard methods of symmetrizable hyperbolic equations cannot be applied.
We study blow-up rates and the blow-up profiles of possible asymptotically self-similar singularities of the 3D Euler equations, where the sense of convergence and self-similarity are considered in various sense. We extend much further, in particular, the previous nonexistence results of self-similar/asymptotically self-similar singularities obtained in \cite{cha1,cha2}. Some implications the notions for the 3D Navier-Stokes equations are also deduced. Generalization of the self-similar transforms is also considered, and by appropriate choice of the transform we obtain new \textit{a priori} es…
We derive a priori estimates for the incompressible free-boundary Euler equations with surface tension in three spatial dimensions. Working in Lagrangian coordinates, we provide a priori estimates for the local existence when the initial velocity, which is rotational, belongs to $H^3$ and the trace of initial velocity on the free boundary to $H^{3.5}$, thus lowering the requirement on the regularity of initial data in the Lagrangian setting. Our methods are direct and involve three key elements: estimates for the pressure, the boundary regularity provided by the mean curvature, and the Cauchy …
We derive a priori estimates for the compressible free-boundary Euler equations with surface tension in three spatial dimensions in the case of a liquid. These are estimates for local existence in Lagrangian coordinates when the initial velocity and initial density belong to $H^3$, with an extra regularity condition on the moving boundary, thus lowering the regularity of the initial data. Our methods are direct and involve two key elements: the boundary regularity provided by the mean curvature, and a new compressible Cauchy invariance.
A priori estimates for the linearized relativistic Euler equations with a physical vacuum boundary and an ideal gas equation of state
本文研究具有物理真空边界和理想气体状态方程的相对论欧拉方程，通过选择合适的热力学变量并建立加权记账方案，在加权Sobolev空间中证明了线性化系统的先验能量估计。
We develop an integral geometry of stationary Euler equations defining some function $w$ on the Grassmannian of affine lines in the space. This function depends on a putative compactly supported solution $v$ of the system, and we deduce a linear differential equation for $w$. We prove also that the purported annulation of $w$ implies that locally supported solutions of the steady Euler equation in $\mathbb R^3$ are zero.
We study the relativistic Euler equations on the Minkowski spacetime background. We make assumptions on the equation of state and the initial data that are relativistic analogs of the well-known physical vacuum boundary condition, which has played an important role in prior work on the non-relativistic compressible Euler equations. Our main result is the derivation, relative to Lagrangian (also known as co-moving) coordinates, of local-in-time a priori estimates for the solution. The solution features a fluid-vacuum boundary, transported by the fluid four-velocity, along which the hyperbolicit…
In this paper, we prove a new type of energy estimates for the compressible Euler's equation with free boundary, with a boundary part and an interior part. These can be thought of as a generalization of the energies in Christodoulou and Lindblad [CL] to the compressible case and do not require the fluid to be irrotational. In addition, we show that our estimates are in fact uniform in the sound speed. As a consequence, we obtain convergence of solutions of compressible Euler equations with a free boundary to solutions of the incompressible equations, generalizing the result of Ebin [Eb] to whe…
In this paper we study the dynamics of eigenvalues of the deformation tensor for solutions of the 3D incompressible Euler equations. Using the evolution equation of the $L^2$ norm of spectra, we deduce new a priori estimates of the $L^2$ norm of vorticity. As an immediate corollary of the estimate we obtain a new sufficient condition of $L^2$ norm control of vorticity. We also obtain decay in time estimates of the ratios of the eigenvalues. In the remarks we discuss what these estimates suggest in the study of searching initial data leading to a possible finite time singularities. We find that…
We present a geometric analysis of the incompressible averaged Euler equations for an ideal inviscid fluid. We show that solutions of these equations are geodesics on the volume-preserving diffeomorphism group of a new weak right invariant pseudo metric. We prove that for precompact open subsets of ${\mathbb R}^n$, this system of PDEs with Dirichlet boundary conditions are well-posed for initial data in the Hilbert space $H^s$, $s>n/2+1$. We then use a nonlinear Trotter product formula to prove that solutions of the averaged Euler equations are a regular limit of solutions to the averaged Navi…
This article is concerned with the question: For which pairs of hyperbolic Euler-Lagrange systems in the plane does there exist a rank-$1$ Bäcklund transformation relating them? We express some obstructions to such existence in terms of the local invariants of the Euler-Lagrange systems. In addition, we discover a class of Bäcklund transformations relating two hyperbolic Euler-Lagrange systems of distinct types.
A priori estimates for the motion of charged liquid drop: A dynamic approach via free boundary Euler equations
本文针对三维带电液滴运动的带电场自由边界Euler方程，证明若初始数据光滑且流动形状C^{1,α}正则、速度Lipschitz连续，则流动时空C^∞光滑，量化了高阶能量估计，该结果对无电场情形也具创新性。
We consider the three-dimensional incompressible free-boundary Euler equations in a bounded domain and with surface tension. Using Lagrangian coordinates, we establish a priori estimates for solutions with minimal regularity assumptions on the initial data.
We prove a local existence theorem for the free boundary problem for a relativistic fluid in a fixed spacetime. Our proof involves an a priori estimate which only requires control of derivatives tangential to the boundary, which holds also in the Newtonian compressible case.
Solutions of the Navier-Stokes and Euler equations with initial conditions for 2D and 3D cases were obtained in the form of converging series, by an analytical iterative method using Fourier and Laplace transforms \cite{TT10,TT11}. There the solutions are infinitely differentiable functions, and for several combinations of parameters numerical results are presented. This article provides a detailed proof of the existence, uniqueness and smoothness of the solution of the Cauchy problem for the 3D Navier-Stokes equations with any smooth initial velocity. When the viscosity tends to zero, this pr…
In this article we derive C^1-a priori estimates on the Riemann invariants of the Euler compressible equations in the case of cylindrical or spherical symmetry. These estimates allow then to construct shock waves with a time of existence proportional to the distance to the origin at the initial time.
Solvability of Euler equations in the fractional Sobolev spaces in a bounded smooth domain
本文利用能量方法和特征线法结合椭圆估计，证明了有界光滑区域上分数阶Sobolev空间中Euler方程的适定性，其中二维情形时间全局、三维情形时间局部。
In this paper we prove that the Euler equation describing the motion of an ideal fluid in $\R^d$ is well-posed in a class of functions allowing spatial asymptotic expansions as $|x|\to\infty$ of any a priori given order. These asymptotic expansions can involve log terms and lead to a family of conservation laws. Typically, the solutions of the Euler equation with initial data in the Schwartz class develop non-trivial spatial asymptotic expansions of the type considered here.
In this paper, we study the initial-boundary value problem of one-dimensional isentropic compressible Euler equations with the source term $βρ|u|^αu$. By means of wave decomposition and the uniform a-priori estimates, we prove the global existence of smooth solutions under small perturbations around the supersonic Fanno flow. Then, by Gronwall's inequality, we get the smooth solution is time-periodic.
We present a technique for derivation of a priori bounds for Gevrey-Sobolev norms of space-periodic three-dimensional solutions to evolutionary partial differential equations of hydrodynamic type. It involves a transformation of the flow velocity in the Fourier space, which introduces a feedback between the index of the norm and the norm of the transformed solution, and results in emergence of a mildly dissipative term. To illustrate the technique, we derive finite-time bounds for Gevrey-Sobolev norms of solutions to the Euler and inviscid Burgers equations, and global in time bounds for the V…
In this paper, we study the finite time blowup of the generalized Euler ODE in the matrix geometry. We can extend Sullivan's result which is about the finite time blowup result of initial invertible linear operators to singular linear operators. we can give a complete answer to the question of Sullivan in the case when the initial matrix A is symmetric in the finite dimensional vector space W. Some open questions are proposed in the last part of the paper.
In "Global regularity for vortex patches" (Commun. Math. Phys. 1993), Bertozzi and Constantin formulate the vortex patch problem in the level-set framework and prove a priori estimates for this active scalar equation. By extending the tools used to prove these estimates, we construct solutions and show propagation of higher Hölder regularity. This constitutes a proof of the regularity of vortex patches, carried out solely in the level-set framework.
In this paper we use maximum principle in the far field region for the time dependent self-similar Euler equations to exclude discretely self-similar blow-up for the Euler equations of the incompressible fluid flows. Our decay conditions near spatial infinity of the blow-up profile are given explicitly in terms the coefficient in the equations. We also deduce triviality of the discretely self-similar solution to the magnetohydrodynamic system(MHD), under suitable decay conditions near spatial infinity than the previous one. Applying similar argument directly to the Euler equations, we obtain a…
We prove that the 2d Euler equation is globally well-posed in a space of vector fields having spatial asymptotic expansion at infinity of any a priori given order. The asymptotic coefficients of the solutions are holomorphic functions of $t$, do not involve (spacial) logarithmic terms, and develop even when the initial data has fast decay at infinity. We discuss the evolution in time of the asymptotic terms and their approximation properties.
It is shown that in dimension at least three a local diffeomorphism of Euclidean n-space into itself is injective provided that the pull-back of every plane is a Riemannian submanifold which is conformal to a plane. Using a similar technique one recovers the result that a polynomial local biholomorphism of complex $n$-space into itself is invertible if and only if the pull-back of every complex line is a connected rational curve. These results are special cases of our main theorem, whose proof uses geometry, complex analysis, elliptic partial differential equations, and topology.
We consider the $α$-Euler equations on a bounded three-dimensional domain with frictionless Navier boundary conditions. Our main result is the existence of a strong solution on a positive time interval, uniform in $α$, for $α$ sufficiently small. Combined with the convergence result in a previous article by the same authors, this implies convergence of solutions of the $α$-Euler equations to solutions of the incompressible Euler equations when $α\to 0$. In addition, we obtain a new result on local existence of strong solutions for the incompressible Euler equations on bounded three-dimensional…
A regularity result for the free boundary compressible Euler equations of a liquid
针对无表面张力的液体自由边界可压缩欧拉方程，提出新加权函数框架并利用Hardy不等式改善流映射正则性，通过分解初始密度函数实现，无需高阶波动方程。
We considered classical solutions to the initial boundary value problem for non-isentropic compressible Euler equations with damping in multi-dimensions. We obtained global a priori estimates and global existence results of classical solutions to both non-isentropic Euler equations with damping and their nonlinear diffusion equations under small data assumption. We proved the pressure and velocity decay exponentially to constants, while the entropy and density can not approach constants. Finally, we proved the pressure and velocity of the non-isentropic Euler equations with damping converge ex…
We consider the 3D axisymmetric Euler equations without swirl on some bounded axial symmetric domains. In this setting, well-posedness is well known due to the essentially 2D geometry. The quantity $ω^θ/r$ plays the role of vorticity in 2D. First, we prove that the gradient of $ω^θ/r$ can grow at most double exponentially with improving a priori bound close to the axis of symmetry. Next, on the unit ball, we show that at the boundary, one can achieve double exponential growth of the gradient of $ω^θ/r$.
In this paper, the existence and asymptotic behavior of $C^1$ solutions to the multidimensional compressible Euler equations with damping on the framework of Besov space are considered. We weaken the regularity requirement of the initial data, and improve the well-posedness results of Sideris-Thomases-Wang (Comm.P.D.E. 28 (2003) 953). The global existence lies on a crucial a-priori estimate which is proved by the spectral localization method. The main analytic tools are the Littlewood-Paley decomposition and Bony's para-product formula.
We extend the scope of our recent Compensated Integrability theory, by exploiting the multi-linearity of the determinant map over ${\bf Sym}_n(\mathbb{R})$. This allows us to establish new {\em a priori} estimates for inviscid gases flowing in the whole space ${\mathbb R}^d$. Notably, we estimate the defect measure (Boltzman equation) or weighted spacial correlations of the velocity field (Euler system). As usual, our bounds involve only the total mass and energy of the flow.
We prove that several evolution equations arising as mathematical models for fluid motion cannot be realized as metric Euler equations on the Lie group of all smooth and orientation-preserving diffeomorphisms on the circle. These include the quasi-geostrophic model equation, the axisymmetric Euler flow in higher space dimensions, and De Gregorio's vorticity model equation.
The analytic method of constructing local-in-time solutions of the incompressible Euler equations in Sobolev spaces
该研究针对不可压缩欧拉方程在Sobolev空间构造局部时间解，核心方法是先在解析近似域构造解析解，再利用先验界扩展，此方法不修改方程本身，还可能适用于其他偏微分方程。
We show the short-time existence and nonlinear stability of vortex sheets for the nonisentropic compressible Euler equations in two spatial dimensions, based on the weakly linear stability result of Morando--Trebeschi (2008) [20]. The missing normal derivatives are compensated through the equations of the linearized vorticity and entropy when deriving higher-order energy estimates. The proof of the resolution for this nonlinear problem follows from certain \emph{a priori} tame estimates on the effective linear problem {in the usual Sobolev spaces} and a suitable Nash--Moser iteration scheme.
We establish unique existence and stability of subsonic potential flow for steady Euler-Poisson system in a multidimensional nozzle of a finite length when prescribing the electric potential difference on non-insulated boundary from a fixed point at the exit, and prescribing the pressure at the exit of the nozzle. The Euler-Poisson system for subsonic potential flow can be reduced to a nonlinear elliptic system of second order. In this paper, we develop a technique to achieve a priori $C^{1,\alp}$ estimates of solutions to a quasi-linear second order elliptic system with mixed boundary conditi…
In this paper we are interested in geometric aspects of blowup in the axisymmetric 3D Euler equations with swirl on a cylinder. Writing the equations in Lagrangian form for the flow derivative along either the axis or the boundary and imposing oddness on the vertical component of the flow, we extend some blowup criteria due to Chae, Constantin, and Wu related to assumptions on the sign of the pressure Hessian. In addition we give a geometric interpretation of the results, both in terms of the local geometry along trajectories and in terms of the Riemannian geometry of the volume-preserving dif…
Our results provide a first step to make rigorous the formal analysis in terms of $\frac{1}{c^2}$ proposed by Chandrasekhar \cite{Chandra65b}, \cite{Chandra65a}, motivated by the methods of Einstein, Infeld and Hoffmann, see Thorne \cite{Thorne1}. We consider the non-relativistic limit for the local smooth solutions to the free boundary value problem of the cylindrically symmetric relativistic Euler equations, when the mass energy density includes the vacuum states at the free boundary. For large enough (rescaled) speed of light $c$ and suitably small time $T,$ we obtain uniform, with respect …
We study the geometry of streamlines and stability properties for steady state solutions of the Euler equations for ideal fluid.
On the well-possedness of time-dependent three-dimensional Euler fluid flows
该研究针对速度梯度对称部分模超临界值即激活耗散的不可压缩流体，证明其初边值问题在Hadamard意义下全局时间适定，且空间周期问题对足够正则初值存在唯一弱解。
In this paper, we establish a priori estimates for the three-dimensional compressible Euler equations with moving physical vacuum boundary, the $γ$-gas law equation of state for $γ=2$ and the general initial density $\ri \in H^5$. Because of the degeneracy of the initial density, we investigate the estimates of the horizontal spatial and time derivatives and then obtain the estimates of the normal or full derivatives through the elliptic-type estimates. We derive a mixed space-time interpolation inequality which play a vital role in our energy estimates and obtain some extra estimates for the …
In the present paper, we prove the a priori estimates of Sobolev norms for a free boundary problem of the incompressible inviscid MHD equations in all physical spatial dimensions $n=2$ and 3 by adopting a geometrical point of view used in Christodoulou-Lindblad CPAM 2000, and estimating quantities such as the second fundamental form and the velocity of the free surface. We identify the well-posedness condition that the outer normal derivative of the total pressure including the fluid and magnetic pressures is negative on the free boundary, which is similar to the physical condition (Taylor sig…
Stationary solution to Stochastically Forced Euler-Poisson Equations in Bounded Domain: Part 2. 1-D Ohmic Contact Boundary
本文针对带欧姆接触边界的一维随机欧拉-泊松方程，利用Banach不动点定理和加权能量估计证明稳态附近解的全局存在性与渐近稳定性，并证明不变测度为稳态对应的Dirac测度。
We present a new hydrodynamic model consisting of the pressureless Euler equations and the isentropic compressible Navier-Stokes equations where the coupling of two systems is through the drag force. This coupled system can be derived, in the hydrodynamic limit, from the particle-fluid equations that are frequently used to study the medical sprays, aerosols and sedimentation problems. For the proposed system, we first construct the local-in-time classical solutions in an appropriate $L^2$ Sobolev space. We also establish the \emph{a priori} large-time behavior estimate by constructing a Lyapun…
Physical Vacuum Problems for the Full Compressible Euler Equations: Low-regularity Hadamard-style Local Well-posedness
该研究针对物理真空中的非等熵可压缩欧拉方程，采用欧拉坐标框架，在低正则性加权Sobolev空间中建立了Hadamard型局部适定性，同时得到精确先验能量估计与延拓准则。
Local-in-time existence of free-surface 3D Euler flow with $H^{2+δ}$ initial vorticity in a neighborhood of the free boundary
本文研究无表面张力自由边界三维 Euler 方程，在自由边界附近初始涡量具有 H^{2+δ} 正则性的条件下，利用拉格朗日方法导出先验估计，从而在 Rayleigh-Taylor 稳定条件下证明了解的局部时间存在性与唯一性。
Information geometric regularization of the barotropic Euler equation
本研究提出了一种基于信息几何的无粘正则化方法，用于巴替otropic欧拉方程，通过引入对数屏障函数的几何结构，将激波转化为平滑轮廓，为高阶数值方法提供了新的可能性。
Subsonic Euler-Poisson flows with nonzero vorticity in convergent nozzles
本文研究了收敛喷嘴中亚音速欧拉-泊松流的适定性，通过坐标变换证明了径向对称亚音速解的存在，并在合适边界扰动下建立了非零涡量亚音速流的唯一性。
The present paper is devoted to the study of the well-posedness issue for the density-dependent Euler equations in the whole space. We establish local-in-time results for the Cauchy problem pertaining to data in the Besov spaces embedded in the set of Lipschitz functions, including the borderline case $B^{\frac Np+1}_{p,1}(\R^N).$ A continuation criterion in the spirit of the celebrated one by Beale-Kato-Majda for the classical Euler equations, is also proved. In contrast with the previous work dedicated to this system in the whole space, our approach is not restricted to the $L^2$ framework o…
Existence and singularity formation for the supersonic expanding wave of radially symmetric non-isentropic compressible Euler equations
本文研究了径向对称非等熵可压缩欧拉方程中超音速扩展波的存在性和奇异性形成，通过梯度变量和不变域分析揭示了解的光滑性与奇异性条件。
We prove that any weak space-time $L^2$ vanishing viscosity limit of a sequence of strong solutions of Navier-Stokes equations in a bounded domain of ${\mathbb{R}}^2$ satisfies the Euler equation if the solutions' local enstrophies are uniformly bounded. We also prove that $t-a.e.$ weak $L^2$ inviscid limits of solutions of 3D Navier-Stokes equations in bounded domains are weak solutions of the Euler equation if they locally satisfy a scaling property of their second order structure function. The conditions imposed are far away from boundaries, and wild solutions of Euler equations are not a p…
We define a right-invariant Riemannian metric on the group of contactomorphisms and study its Euler-Arnold equation. If the metric is associated to the contact form, the Euler-Arnold equation reduces to $m_t + u(m) + (n+2) mE(f) = 0$, in terms of the Reeb field $E$, a stream function $f$, the contact vector field $u$ defined by $f$, and the momentum $m = f - Δf$. Here the equation is considered on a compact manifold $M$ of dimension $2n+1$. When $n=0$ this reduces to the Camassa-Holm equation, and we emphasize the analogy with the higher-order equation. We use the usual momentum conservation l…
When the velocity field is not a priori known to be globally almost Lipschitz, global uniqueness of solutions to the two-dimensional Euler equations has been established only in some special cases, and the solutions to which these results apply share the property that the diffuse part of the vorticity is constant near the points where the velocity is insufficiently regular. Assuming that the latter holds initially, the challenge is then to propagate this property along the Euler dynamic via an appropriate control of the Lagrangian trajectories. In domains with obtuse corners and sufficiently s…
In this paper we address the problem of well-posedness of multi-dimensional topological Euler-alignment models introduced in \cite{ST-topo}. The main result demonstrates local existence and uniqueness of classical solutions in class $(ρ,u) \in H^{m+α} \times H^{m+1}$ on the periodic domain $\mathbb{T}^n$, where $0<α<2$ is the order of singularity of the topological communication kernel $ϕ(x,y)$, and $m = m(n,α)$ is large. Our approach is based on new sharp coercivity estimates for the topological alignment operator \[ \mathcal{L}_ϕf(x) = \int_{\mathbb{T}^n} ϕ(x,y) (f(y) - f(x) ) dy, \] which r…
We consider $d\times d$ tensors $A(x)$ that are symmetric, positive semi-definite, and whose row-divergence vanishes identically. We establish sharp inequalities for the integral of $(\det A)^{\frac1{d-1}}$. We apply them to models of compressible inviscid fluids: Euler equations, Euler--Fourier, relativistic Euler, Boltzman, BGK, etc... We deduce an {\em a priori} estimate for a new quantity, namely the space-time integral of $ρ^{\frac1n}p$, where $ρ$ is the mass density, $p$ the pressure and $n$ the space dimension. For kinetic models, the corresponding quantity generalizes Bony's functional…
We propose in this work new systems of equations which we call $p$-Euler equations and $p$-Navier-Stokes equations. $p$-Euler equations are derived as the Euler-Lagrange equations for the action represented by the Benamou-Brenier characterization of Wasserstein-$p$ distances, with incompressibility constraint. $p$-Euler equations have similar structures with the usual Euler equations but the `momentum' is the signed ($p-1$)-th power of the velocity. In the 2D case, the $p$-Euler equations have streamfunction-vorticity formulation, where the vorticity is given by the $p$-Laplacian of the stream…
On the zero capillarity limit for the Euler-Korteweg system
本文研究带弱毛细张量的Euler-Korteweg方程，在R^d中严格证明其零毛细极限收敛于Euler方程并得到更精确BKW展开，在半空间分析解的先验估计退化性及边界层，扩展改进经典结果。
Large-time behavior of pressureless Euler--Poisson equations with background states
本文研究带可变背景态的一维阻尼无压 Euler–Poisson 系统，结合相平面分析与低强制性估计证明经典解收敛于平衡态，并应用于冷等离子体模型得到指数稳定性。
Incompressible Euler equations with stochastic forcing: a geometric approach
本文采用无限维几何方法研究带随机强迫的欧拉-阿诺德方程，在Sobolev空间中建立了强解的局部存在唯一性，为随机欧拉方程的适定性提供了新工具。
We demonstrate that a sufficiently smooth solution of the relativistic Euler equations that represents a dynamical compact liquid body, when expressed in Lagrangian coordinates, determines a solution to a system of non-linear wave equations with acoustic boundary conditions. Using this wave formulation, we prove that these solutions satisfy energy estimates without loss of derivatives. Importantly, our wave formulation does not require the liquid to be irrotational, and the energy estimates do not rely on divergence and curl type estimates employed in previous works.
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