We consider the infinite sequences $(A\_n)\_{n\in\NN}$ of $2\times2$ matrices with nonnegative entries, where the $A\_n$ are taken in a finite set of matrices. Given a vector $V=\pmatrix{v\_1\cr v\_2}$ with $v\_1,v\_2>0$, we give a necessary and sufficient condition for $\displaystyle{A\_1... A\_nV\over|| A\_1... A\_nV||}$ to converge uniformly. In application we prove that the Bernoulli convolutions related to the numeration in Pisot quadratic bases are weak Gibbs.
We consider infinitely convolved Bernoulli measures (or simply Bernoulli convolutions) related to the $β$-numeration. A matrix decomposition of these measures is obtained in the case when $β$ is a PV number. We also determine their Gibbs properties for $β$ being a multinacci number, which makes the multifractal analysis of the corresponding Bernoulli convolution possible.
New convolution identities of hypergeometric Bernoulli polynomials are presented. Two different approaches to proving these identities are discussed, corresponding to the two equivalent definitions of hypergeometric Bernoulli polynomials as Appell sequences.
We prove nonlinear relation on multiple Hurwitz-Riemann zeta functions. Using analytic continuation of these multiple Hurwitz-Riemann zeta function, we quote at negative integers Euler's nonlinear relation for generalized Bernoulli polynomials and numbers.
Using general identities for difference operators, as well as a technique of symbolic computation and tools from probability theory, we derive very general kth order (k \ge 2) convolution identities for Bernoulli and Euler polynomials. This is achieved by use of an elementary result on uniformly distributed random variables. These identities depend on k positive real parameters, and as special cases we obtain numerous known and new identities for these polynomials. In particular we show that the well-known identities of Miki and Matiyasevich for Bernoulli numbers are special cases of the same …
We study the typical growth rate of the number of words of length n which can be extended to beta-expansions of x. In the general case we give a lower bound for the growth rate, while in the case that the Bernoulli convolution associated to parameter beta is absolutely continuous we are able to give the growth rate precisely. This gives new necessary and sufficient conditions for the absolute continuity of Bernoulli convolutions.
Given a prime $p\geq 5$, we reduce modulo p a convolution of order p-1 of powers of two weighted Bernoulli numbers with Bernoulli numbers in terms of harmonic numbers and generalized harmonic numbers. Our proof is based on studying the p-adic expansion of the number of permutations of Sym(p-2) with an even number of ascents, up to the modulus $p^2$.
We study a special Dirichlet series studied before by Apostol and Matsuoka and specify its values at negative integers. These values are related to a certain convolution of Bernoulli numbers
Let $λ\in (1,\sqrt{2}]$ be an algebraic integer with Mahler measure $2.$ A classical result of Garsia shows that the Bernoulli convolution $μ_λ$ is absolutely continuous with respect to the Lebesgue measure with a density function in $L^\infty$. In this paper, we show that the density function is continuous.
Inspired by a famous identity of Ramanujan, we propose a general formula linearizing the convolution of Dirichlet series as the sum of Dirichlet series with modified weights; its specialization produces new identities and recovers several identities derived earlier in the literature, such as the convolution of squares of Bernoulli numbers by A. Dixit and collaborators, or the convolution of Bernoulli numbers by Y. Komori and collaborators.
In [17] the author and A. Vershik have shown that for $\be=\frac12(1+\sqrt5)$ and the alphabet $\{0,1\}$ the infinite Bernoulli convolution ($=$ the Erdös measure) has a property similar to the Lebesgue measure. Namely, it is quasi-invariant of type $\mathrm{II}_1$ under the $\be$-shift, and the natural extension of the $\be$-shift provided with the measure equivalent to the Erdös measure, is Bernoulli. In this note we extend this result to all Pisot parameters $\be$ (modulo some general arithmetic conjecture) and an arbitrary "sufficient" alphabet.
We consider finite Bernoulli convolutions with a parameter $1/2 < r < 1$ supported on a discrete point set, generically of size $2^N$. These sequences are uniformly distributed with respect to the infinite Bernoulli convolution measure $ν_r$, as $N$ tends to infinity. Numerical evidence suggests that for a generic $r$, the distribution of spacings between appropriately rescaled points is Poissonian. We obtain some partial results in this direction; for instance, we show that, on average, the pair correlations do not exhibit attraction or repulsion in the limit. On the other hand, for certain a…
We present a new method for the derivation of convolution identities for finite sums of products of Bernoulli numbers. Our approach is motivated by the role of these identities in quantum field theory and string theory. We first show that the Miki identity and the Faber-Pandharipande-Zagier (FPZ) identity are closely related, and give simple unified proofs which naturally yield a new Bernoulli number convolution identity. We then generalize each of these three identities into new families of convolution identities depending on a continuous parameter. We rederive a cubic generalization of Miki'…
Let $β\in(1,2)$ be a Pisot number and let $H_β$ denote Garsia's entropy for the Bernoulli convolution associated with $β$. Garsia, in 1963 showed that $H_β<1$ for any Pisot $β$. For the Pisot numbers which satisfy $x^m=x^{m-1}+x^{m-2}+...+x+1$ (with $m\ge2$) Garsia's entropy has been evaluated with high precision by Alexander and Zagier and later improved by Grabner, Kirschenhofer and Tichy, and it proves to be close to 1. No other numerical values for $H_β$ are known. In the present paper we show that $H_β>0.81$ for all Pisot $β$, and improve this lower bound for certain ranges of $β$. Our me…
It is shown that the closure of the set of Fourier coefficients of the Bernoulli convolution $μ_θ$ parameterized by a Pisot number $θ$, is countable. Combined with results of Salem and Sarnak, this proves that for every fixed $θ>1$ the spectrum of the convolution operator $f\mapsto μ_θ*f$ in $L^p(S^1)$ (where $S^1$ is the circle group) is countable and is the same for all $p\in(1,\infty)$, namely, $\bar{\{\hat{μ_θ}(n) : n\in\mathbb{Z}\}}$. Our result answers the question raised by P. Sarnak in \cite{Sar}. We also consider the sets $\bar{\{\hat{μ_θ}(rn) : n\in\mathbb{Z}\}}$ for $r>0$ which corr…
Given an odd prime p, we present three independent ways of relating modulo p certain truncated convolutions of divided Bernoulli numbers to certain full convolutions of divided Bernoulli numbers.
We consider the multifractal structure of the Bernoulli convolution $ν_λ$, where $λ^{-1}$ is a Salem number in $(1,2)$. Let $τ(q)$ denote the $L^q$ spectrum of $ν_λ$. We show that if $α\in [τ'(+\infty), τ'(0+)]$, then the level set $$E(α):={x\in \R:\; \lim_{r\to 0}\frac{\log ν_λ([x-r, x+r])}{\log r}=α}$$ is non-empty and $\dim_HE(α)=τ^*(α)$, where $τ^*$ denotes the Legendre transform of $τ$. This result extends to all self-conformal measures satisfying the asymptotically weak separation condition. We point out that the interval $[τ'(+\infty), τ'(0+)]$ is not a singleton when $λ^{-1}$ is the la…
The Cauchy-type product of two arithmetic functions $f$ and $g$ on nonnegative integers is defined as $(f\bullet g)(k):=\sum_{m=0}^{k} {k\choose m}f(m)g(k-m)$. We explore some algebraic properties of the aforementioned convolution, which is a fundamental-characteristic of the identities involving the Bernoulli numbers, the Bernoulli polynomials, the power sums, the sums of products, henceforth.
We show that any Appell sequence can be written in closed form as a forward difference transformation of the identity. Such transformations are actually multipliers in the abelian group of the Appell polynomials endowed with the operation of binomial convolution. As a consequence, we obtain explicit expressions for higher order convolution identities referring to various kinds of Appell polynomials in terms of the Stirling numbers. Applications of the preceding results to generalized Bernoulli and Apostol-Euler polynomials of real order are discussed in detail.
