John Erik Fornaess, Nessim Sibony
Let F be a holomorphic foliation of P^2 by Riemann surfaces. Assume all the singular points of F are hyperbolic. If F has no algebraic leaf, then there is a unique positive harmonic $(1,1)$ current $T$ of mass one, directed by F. This implies strong ergodic properties for the foliation. We also study the harmonic flow associated to the current $T.$
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Unique ergodicity for singular holomorphic foliations of $\mathbb{P}^3(\mathbb{C})$ with an invariant plane
本文将平面叶层的唯一遍历性结果推广到带无叶层循环不变平面的三维射影空间奇异全纯叶层，通过改造 Deroin-Kleptsyn 动力学方法并利用 Nguyên 可积性估计完成证明。
Consider a foliation in the projective plane admitting a projective line as the unique invariant algebraic curve. Assume that the foliation is generic in the sense that its singular points are hyperbolic. We show that there is a unique positive ddc-closed (1,1)-current of mass 1 which is directed by the foliation and this is the current of integration on the invariant line. A unique ergodicity theorem for the distribution of leaves follows: for any leaf L, appropriate averages of L converge to the current of integration on the invariant line. This property is surprising because for most of suc…
Let \Fc be a holomorphic foliation by Riemann surfaces on a compact Kähler surface X. Assume it is generic in the sense that all the singularities are hyperbolic and that the foliation admits no directed positive closed (1,1)-current. Then there exists a unique (up to a multiplicative constant) positive \ddc-closed (1,1)-current directed by \Fc. This is a very strong ergodic property of \Fc. Our proof uses an extension of the theory of densities to a class of non-\ddc-closed currents. A complete description of the cone of directed positive \ddc-closed (1,1)-currents is also given when \Fc admi…
A classic result due to Furstenberg is the strict ergodicity of the horocycle flow for a compact hyperbolic surface. Strict ergodicity is unique ergodicity with respect to a measure of full support, and therefore implies minimality. The horocycle flow has been previously studied on minimal foliations by hyperbolic surfaces on closed manifolds, where it is known not to be minimal in general. In this paper, we prove that for the special case of Riemannian foliations, strict ergodicity of the horocycle flow still holds. This in particular proves that this flow is minimal, which establishes a conj…
We give a short proof of the unique ergodicity of the strong stable foliation of the geodesic flow on the frame bundle of a hyperbolic manifold admitting a finite measure of maximal entropy. Equivalently, let G = S0o(n, 1), $Γ$ \textless{} G be a discrete subgroup of G, and G = N AK the Iwasawa decomposition of G. If the geodesic flow on $Γ$\G admits a finite measure of maximal entropy, we prove that the action of N on $Γ$\G by right multiplication admits a unique invariant measure supported on points whose A-orbit does not diverge.
Rigidity of equilibrium states and unique quasi-ergodicity for horocyclic foliations
本文证明拓扑混合度量Anosov流的平衡态由稳定/不稳定叶上的分解唯一决定，进而推出水平叶理流的唯一拟遍历性，并给出Babillot-Ledrappier结果的另一证明。
We consider the geodesic flow defined by periodic Eaton lens patterns in the plane and discover ergodic ones among those. The ergodicity result on Eaton lenses is derived from a result for quadratic differentials on the plane that are pull backs of quadratic differentials on tori. Ergodicity itself is concluded for $\mathbb{Z}^d$-covers of quadratic differentials on compact surfaces with vanishing Lyapunov exponents.
We construct an example of a uniquely ergodic measured foliation on a surface such that the associated translation flow on the orientation double cover is minimal but not uniquely ergodic. We then prove a geometric criterion for the horizontal foliation of a quadratic differential to be uniquely ergodic. The second theorem generalizes a result of Treviño for the horizontal flow on a translation surface, as well as Masur's criterion for unique ergodicity of the horizontal foliation.
Partially hyperbolic diffeormorphisms, ergodicity, and transverse foliations in dimension 3
本文完成Pujals计划，基于Anosov流给出三维流形中（链）传递部分双曲微分同胚的完整拓扑分类，解答Hertz-Hertz-Ures的遍历性猜想，其定理B将在后续文章中推广以移除链传递假设。
In these introductory notes we give the basics of the theory of holomorphic foliations and laminations. The emphasis is on the theory of harmonic currents and unique ergodicity for laminations transversally Lipschitz in CP^2 and for generic holomorphic foliations in CP^2.
We study codimension one holomorphic foliations on complex projective spaces and compact manifolds under the assumption that the foliation has a projective transverse structure in the complement of some invariant codimension one analytic subset. The basic motivation is the characterization of pull-backs of Riccati foliations on projective spaces. Our techniques apply to give a description of the generic models of codimension one foliations on compact manifolds of dimension $\ge 3$.
Conformal measure rigidity and ergodicity of horospherical foliations
本文在高阶离散子群中证明共形测度刚性定理和 horospherical 叶状结构的遍历性，推广了 Sullivan、Tukia、Yue、Kim-Oh 及 Lee-Oh 等经典结果，并给出相关测度的遍历分解。
Poincaré metric of holomorphic foliations with non-degenerate singularities
本文研究紧复流形上具有非退化奇点的布罗迪双曲叶层，证明其叶向庞加莱度量在奇点集附近具有带对数斜率的横向赫尔德连续性。
This preliminary report contains a sketch of the proof of the following result: a slowly divergent Teichmuller geodesic satisfying a certain logarithmic law is determined by a uniquely ergodic measured foliation.
Heat diffusions on holomorphic foliations with non-degenerate singularities
本文研究紧复流形上带非退化奇点的 Brody 双曲全纯叶状结构，证明叶状热扩散与抽象热扩散一致，并由此得出抽象热扩散的唯一性。
Masur showed that a Teichmuller geodesic that is recurrent in the moduli space of closed Riemann surfaces is necessarily determined by a quadratic differential with a uniquely ergodic vertical foliation. In this paper, we show that a divergent Teichmuller geodesic satisfying a certain slow rate of divergence is also necessarily determined by a quadratic differential with unique ergodic vertical foliation. As an application, we sketch a proof of a complete characterization of the set of nonergodic directions in any double cover of the flat torus branched over two points.
In this article we investigate the natural domain of definition of a holonomy map associated to a singular holomorphic foliation of the complex projective plane. We prove that germs of holonomy between algebraic curves can have large sets of singularities for the analytic continuation. In the Riccati context we provide examples with natural boundary and maximal sets of singularities. In the generic case we provide examples having at least a Cantor set of singularities and even a nonempty open set of singularities. The examples provided are based on the presence of sufficiently rich contracting…
A singular real analytic foliation $\mathcal{F}$ of real codimension one on an $n$-dimensional complex manifold $M$ is Levi-flat if each of its leaves is foliated by immersed complex manifolds of dimension $n-1$. These complex manifolds are leaves of a singular real analytic foliation $\mathcal{L}$ which is tangent to $\mathcal{F}$. In this article, we classify germs of Levi-flat foliations at $(\mathbb{C}^{n},0)$ under the hypothesis that $\mathcal{L}$ is a germ holomorphic foliation. Essentially, we prove that there are two possibilities for $\mathcal{L}$, from which the classification of $\…
Finiteness of hyperbolic entropy for holomorphic foliations with non-degenerate singularities
本文研究了具有非退化奇点的全纯叶系的超几何熵有限性问题，证明其熵值为有限。
If $\mathcal{L}$ is a laminations with hyperbolic singularities, embedded in a compact homogeneous Kähler surface, without directed closed positive currents. Then, $\mathcal{L}$ has a unique directed positive harmonic current of mass one. This result was previously obtained by Fornaess and Sibony for $\mathbb{CP}^2$ and we generalize it for the rest of compact homogeneous Kähler surfaces.
In this article, for holomorphic foliations of codimension one at $(\mathbb{C}^{3},0)$, we define the family of second type foliations. This is formed by foliations having, in the reduction process by blow-up maps, only well oriented singularities, meaning that the reduction divisor does not contain weak separatrices of saddle-node singularities. We prove that the reduction of singularities of a non-dicritical foliation of second type coincides with the desingularization of its set of separatrices.
This paper describes the structure of singular codimension one foliations with numerically trivial canonical bundle on projective manifolds.
We study local positive harmonic currents directed by a foliation by Riemann surfaces near a hyperbolic singularity which have no mass on the separatrices. A theorem of Nguyên says that the Lelong number of such a current at the singular point vanishes. We prove that this property is sharp: one cannot have any better mass estimate for this current near the singularity.
The object of this survey is to give an overview on the topology of singularities of holomorphic foliation germs on $(\mathbb C^2,0)$.
In dimensions greater than or equal to 3, the local structure of a singular holomorphic foliation conceals a globally defined foliation on the projective space of dimension one less. In this paper, we will discuss how the global dynamics of the latter foliation exerts influence on several problems that apparently have a purely local nature. In the course of the discussion, a few recent results and open problems in the area will be reviewed as well.
In this paper we study holomorphic foliations on $\mathbb{P}^2$ with only one singular point. If the singularity has algebraic multiplicity one, we prove that the foliation has no invariant algebraic curve. We also present several examples of such foliations in degree three.
Let $\mathcal F$ be a holomorphic one-dimensional foliation on $\mathbb{P}^n$ such that the components of its singular locus $Σ$ are curves $C_i$ and points $p_j$. We determine the number of $p_j$, counted with multiplicities, in terms of invariants of $\mathcal F$ and $C_i$, assuming that $\mathcal F$ is special along the $C_i$. Allowing just one nonzero dimensional component on $Σ$, we also prove results on when the foliation happens to be determined by its singular locus.
Consider a complex one dimensional foliation on a complex surface near a singularity $p$. If $\mathcal{I}$ is a closed invariant set containing the singularity $p$, then $\mathcal{I}$ contains either a separatrix at $p$ or an invariant real three dimensional manifold singular at $p$.
The Separatrix Theorem of C. Camacho and P. Sad guarantees the existence of invariant curve (separatrix) passing through the singularity of germ of holomorphic foliation on complex surface, when the surface underlying the foliation is smooth or when it is singular and the dual graph of resolution surface singularity is a tree. Under some assumptions, we obtain existence of separatrix even when the resolution dual graph of the surface singular point is not a tree. It will be necessary to require an extra condition of the foliation, namely, absence of saddle-node in its reduction of singularitie…
After the nice result introduced by Belotto in [1] concerning the local monomialization of a singular foliation given by n first integrals, this work is a continuation in the same spirit. In this paper, we introduce a important conjecture about local monomialization of a singular foliation of Darboux type (see section 1). This conjecture can be used to study pseudo-abelian integrals [2,4].
On flags of holomorphic foliations associated with singular second-order ordinary differential equations
本文研究与二阶常微分方程相关的全纯叶状结构2-旗，分析其奇点集性质，给出容许该结构的二阶方程分类，提出高维2-旗芽构造方法，并证明二阶及以上方程形式上均对应$\boldsymbol{\rm \bf C}^3$原点处的2-旗芽。
We consider classes of partially hyperbolic diffeomorphism $f:M\to M$ with splitting $TM=E^s\oplus E^c\oplus E^u$ and $\dim E^c=2$. These classes include for instance (perturbations of) the product of Anosov and conservative surface diffeomorphisms, skew products of surface diffeomorphisms over Anosov, partially hyperbolic symplectomorphisms on manifolds of dimension four with bidimensional center foliation whose center leaves are all compact. We prove that accessibility holds in these classes for $C^1$ open and $C^r$ dense subsets and moreover they are stably ergodic.
We show that for the C^1-open set of partially hyperbolic diffeomorphisms constructed in (M. Shub and A. Wilkinson, "Pathological foliations and removable zero exponents," Invent. math. 139 (2000) 3, 495-508), Lebesgue measure on the 3-torus decomposes as atomic measure along the leaves of the central foliation.
In this survey paper, we take the viewpoint of polar invariants to the local and global study of non-dicritical holomorphic foliations in dimension two and their invariant curves. It appears a characterization of second type foliations and generalized curve foliations as well as a description of the GSV-index in terms of polar curves. We also interpret the proofs concerning the Poincaré problem with polar invariants.
Remarks on foliations on $\mathbb{CP}^2$ with a unique singular point
本文研究 $\mathbb{CP}^2$ 上具有唯一奇点的叶状结构，给出次数 7 的非临界情形下具有发散分隔线的显式例子，并探讨低次数下的不同族。
We prove that any holomorphic codimension 1 foliation on the complex projective plane has at most one singular point up to the action of an ad-hoc birational self map of the complex projective plane into itself. Consequently, any algebraic foliation on the affine plane has no singularities up to the action of a suitable birational self map of the complex projective plane into itself.
We show that the set of singular holomorphic foliations of the projective spaces with split tangent sheaf and with good singular set is open in the space of holomorphic foliations. As applications we present a generalization of a result by Camacho-Lins Neto about linear pull-back foliations, we give a criterium for the rigidity of $\mathcal L$-foliations of codimension $k \ge 2$ and prove a conjecture by Cerveau-Deserti about the rigidity of a codimension one $\mathcal L$-foliation of $\mathbb P^4$. These results allow us to exhibit some previously unknown irreducible components of the spaces …
By introducing a new invariant called the set of slidings, we give a complete strict classification of the class of germs of non-dicritical holomorphic foliations in the plan whose Camacho-Sad indices are not rational. Moreover, we will show that, in this class, the new invariant is finitely determined. Consequently, the finite determination of the class of isoholonomic non-dicritical foliations and absolutely dicritical foliations that have the same Dulac maps are proved.
Generalized Poincaré-Dulac singularities of holomorphic foliations
本文研究复二维全纯叶状结构中具有Poincaré-Dulac型约化的幂零奇点，通过例外除子分量的和乐给出解析分类，并证明此类奇点具有形式解析刚性。
Let M be a rank 1 affine invariant orbifold in a stratum of the moduli space of flat surfaces. We show that the leaves of the M-isoperiodic foliation are either all closed or all dense. In the second case, we establish ergodicity of the foliation with respect to the affine measure on M.
We consider germs of holomorphic vector fields with an isolated singularity at the origin $0\in\mathbb{C}^2$. We introduce a notion of stability, similar to "Lyapunov stability". For such a germ, called $L$-stable singularity, either the corresponding foliation admits a holomorphic first integral, or it is a real logarithmic foliation singularity. A notion of $L$-stability is also naturally introduced for a leaf of a foliation. In the complex codimension one case, for holomorphic foliations, the holonomy groups of $L$-stable leaves are proved to be abelian, of a suitable type. This implies the…
Over the last 10 years or so, advanced statistical properties, including exponential decay of correlations, have been established for certain classes of singular hyperbolic flows in three dimensions. The results apply in particular to the classical Lorenz attractor. However, many of the proofs rely heavily on the smoothness of the stable foliation for the flow. In this paper, we show that many statistical properties hold for singular hyperbolic flows with no smoothness assumption on the stable foliation. These properties include existence of SRB measures, central limit theorems and associated …
We consider a singular holomorphic foliation $\uF$ defined near a compact curve $\uC$ of a complex surface. Under some hypothesis on $(\uF,\uC)$ we prove that there exists a system of tubular neighborhoods $U$ of a curve $\underline{\mc D}$ containing $\uC$ such that every leaf $L$ of $\uF_{|(U\setminus \underline{\mc D})}$ is incompressible in $U\setminus \underline{\mc D}$. We also construct a representation of the fundamental group of the complementary of $\underline{\mc D}$ into a suitable automorphism group, which allows to state the topological classification of the germ of $(\uF,\uD)$, …
Foliations with isolated singularities on Hirzebruch surfaces
本文研究Hirzebruch曲面上叶结构的奇点性质，证明在特定条件下叶结构由其奇点方案决定，并探讨了不同δ值下的不同结论。
In this work, we begin by showing that a holomorphic foliation with singularities is reduced if and only if its normal sheaf is torsion free. In addition, when the codimension of the singular locus is at least two, it is shown that being reduced is equivalent to the reflexivity of the tangent sheaf. Our main results state on one hand, that the tangent sheaf of a codimension one foliation in P^3 is locally free if and only the singular scheme is a curve, and that it splits if and only if that curve is arithmetically Cohen-Macaulay. On the other hand, we discuss when a split foliation in P^3 is …
Contributions to the ergodic theory of hyperbolic flows: unique ergodicity for quasi-invariant measures and equilibrium states for the time-one map
本文研究拓扑混合Anosov流或微分同胚对应的horocyclic流，证明具有Hölder Jacobian的横截拟不变测度唯一，并通过Radon条件测度族精确刻画双曲系统的唯一平衡态。
This manuscript is an introduction to the theory of holomorphic foliations on the complex projective plane. Historically the subject has emerged from the theory of ODEs in the complex domain and various attempts to solve Hilbert's 16th Problem, but with the introduction of complex algebraic geometry, foliation theory and dynamical systems, it has now become an interesting subject of its own.
Motivated by the study of Hörmander's sums-of-squares operators and their generalizations, we define the convolution algebra of transverse distributions associated to a singular foliation. We prove that this algebra is represented as continuous linear operators on the spaces of smooth functions and generalized functions on the underlying manifold, and on the leaves and their holonomy covers. This generalizes Schwartz kernel operators to singular foliations. We also define the algebra of smoothing operators in this context and prove that it is a two-sided ideal.
Rigidity of singular de-Sitter tori with respect to their lightlike bi-foliation
本文研究了具有锥形奇点的洛伦兹面的刚性，证明了德西特环面由其光状双分层的拓扑等价类确定。
In this article we study polynomial logarithmic $q$-forms on a projective space and characterize those that define singular foliations of codimension $q$. Our main result is the algebraic proof of their infinitesimal stability when $q=2$ with some extra degree assumptions. We determine new irreducible components of the moduli space of codimension two singular projective foliations of any degree, and we show that they are generically reduced in their natural scheme structure. Our method is based on an explicit description of the Zariski tangent space of the corresponding moduli space at a given…
A codimension one singular holomorphic foliation is Newton non-degenerate if it satisfies the classical conditions of Kouchnirenko and Oka, in terms of its Newton polyhedra system. In this paper we prove that a foliation is Newton non-degenerate if and only if it admits a logarithmic reduction of singularities of a combinatorial nature.
This paper contributes to the solution of the Poincare problem, which is to bound the degree of a (generalized algebraic) leaf of a (singular algebraic) foliation of the complex projective plane. The first theorem gives a new sort of bound, which involves the Castelnuovo--Mumford regularity of the singular locus of the leaf. The second theorem gives a bound in terms of two singularity numbers of the leaf: the total Tjurina number, and the number of non-quasi-homogeneous singularities. If such singularities are present, then this bound improves one due to du Plessis and Wall, at least when the …
We study Langevin dynamics of $N$ particles on $R^d$ interacting through a singular repulsive potential, e.g.~the well-known Lennard-Jones type, and show that the system converges to the unique invariant Gibbs measure exponentially fast in a weighted total variation distance. The proof of the main result relies on an explicit construction of a Lyapunov function. In contrast to previous results for such systems, our result implies geometric convergence to equilibrium starting from an essentially optimal family of initial distributions.
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