图特征值的界

Graphs with many valencies and few eigenvalues

Dom de Caen posed the question whether connected graphs with three distinct eigenvalues have at most three distinct valencies. We do not answer this question, but instead construct connected graphs with four and five distinct eigenvalues and arbitrarily many distinct valencies. The graphs with four distinct eigenvalues come from regular two-graphs. As a side result, we characterize the disconnected graphs and the graphs with three distinct eigenvalues in the switching class of a regular two-graph.

Recent progress on graphs with fixed smallest eigenvalue

We give a survey on graphs with fixed smallest eigenvalue, especially on graphs with large minimal valency and also on graphs with good structures. Our survey mainly consists of the following two parts: (i) Hoffman graphs, the basic theory related to Hoffman graphs and the applications of Hoffman graphs to graphs with fixed smallest eigenvalue and large minimal valency; (ii) recent results on distance-regular graphs and co-edge regular graphs with fixed smallest eigenvalue and the characterizations of certain families of distance-regular graphs. At the end of the survey, we also discuss signed…

关于链图的特征值与Seidel特征值

On the eigenvalues and Seidel eigenvalues of chain graphs

本文否定了链图在邻接谱下不存在非同构等谱图的猜想，并利用Seidel矩阵与邻接矩阵的关系解决了链图不同Seidel特征值数量的两个公开问题。

The eigenvalues of $q$-Kneser graphs

In this note, we prove some combinatorial identities and obtain a simple form of the eigenvalues of $q$-Kneser graphs.

无K_p图的最小eigenvalue

The smallest eigenvalue of K_p-free graphs

本文给出了无p-团图的邻接矩阵的最小特征值的一个上界。

An upper bound for higher order eigenvalues of symmetric graphs

In this paper, we derive an upper bound for higher order eigenvalues of the normalized Laplace operator associated with a symmetric finite graph in terms of lower order eigenvalues.

Graphs characterized by the second distance eigenvalue

We characterize all connected graphs with second distance eigenvalue less than $-0.5858$.

Eigenvalues of Cayley graphs

We survey some of the known results on eigenvalues of Cayley graphs and their applications, together with related results on eigenvalues of Cayley digraphs and generalizations of Cayley graphs.

On graphs with three or four distinct normalized Laplacian eigenvalues

In this paper, we characterize all connected graphs with exactly three distinct normalized Laplacian eigenvalues of which one is equal to $1$, determine all connected bipartite graphs with at least one vertex of degree $1$ having exactly four distinct normalized Laplacian eigenvalues, and find all unicyclic graphs with three or four distinct normalized Laplacian eigenvalues.

Least $Q$-eigenvalues of nonbipartite 2-connected graphs

Among all simple nonbipartite 2-connected graphs and among all nonbipartite $θ$-graphs, the minimum least $Q$-eigenvalues are completely determined, respectively.

Neumaier graphs with few eigenvalues

A Neumaier graph is a non-complete edge-regular graph containing a regular clique. In this paper we give some sufficient and necessary conditions for a Neumaier graph to be strongly regular. Further we show that there does not exist Neumaier graphs with exactly four distinct eigenvalues. We also determine the Neumaier graphs with smallest eigenvalue -2.

Graphs with two main and two plain eigenvalues

In this paper, we introduce the concepts of the plain eigenvalue, the main-plain index and the refined spectrum of graphs. We focus on the graphs with two main and two plain eigenvalues and give some characterizations of them.

图的特征值与极值度

Eigenvalues and extremal degrees in graphs

本文给出了图的邻接矩阵和拉普拉斯算子的特征值与其最小度和最大度之间的不等式。结果被应用到导出新的条件的拟随机图。

A complete characterization of graphs with exactly two positive eigenvalues

In 1977 Smith characterized graphs with exactly one positive eigenvalue. Since then, many particular results related to graphs with exactly two positive eigenvalues have emerged. In this paper we conclude this investigation by giving a full characterization of these graphs.

Signed $(0,2)$-graphs with few eigenvalues and a symmetric spectrum

We investigate properties of signed graphs that have few distinct eigenvalues together with a symmetric spectrum. Our main contribution is to determine all signed $(0,2)$-graphs with vertex degree at most $6$ that have precisely two distinct eigenvalues $\pm λ$. Next, we consider to what extent induced subgraphs of signed graph with two distinct eigenvalues $\pm λ$ are determined by their spectra. Lastly, we classify signed $(0,2)$-graphs that have a symmetric spectrum with three distinct eigenvalues and give a partial classification for those with four distinct eigenvalues.

给定连通度的图的补图的最小特征值

The least eigenvalue of the complements of graphs with given connectivity

针对给定连通度的连通简单图，本文刻画了其补图中使邻接矩阵最小特征值达到最小值的图。

外平面图的极值特征值

Extremal eigenvalues of outerplanar graphs

本文研究外平面图的极值特征值，通过刻画极大二部外平面图的结构，完全确定了阶数至少55的二部外平面图的最大谱半径和一般外平面图的最小最小特征值。

Eigenvalue-free interval for threshold graphs

This paper deals with the eigenvalues of the adjacency matrices of threshold graphs for which $-1$ and $0$ are considered as trivial eigenvalues. We show that threshold graphs have no non-trivial eigenvalues in the interval $\left[(-1-\sqrt{2})/2,\,(-1+\sqrt{2})/2\right]$. This confirms a conjecture by Aguilar, Lee, Piato, and Schweitzer (2018).

Mixed graphs with smallest eigenvalue greater than $-\frac{\sqrt{5}+1}{2}$

The classical problem of characterizing the graphs with bounded eigenvalues may date back to the work of Smith in 1970. Especially, the research on graphs with smallest eigenvalues not less than $-2$ has attracted widespread attention. Mixed graphs are natural generalization of undirected graphs. In this paper, we completely characterize the mixed graphs with smallest Hermitian eigenvalue greater than $-\frac{\sqrt{5}+1}{2}$, which consists of three infinite classes of mixed graphs and $30$ scattered mixed graphs. By the way, we get a new class of mixed graphs switching equivalent to their und…

A conjecture on square roots of Laplacian and signless Laplacian eigenvalues of graphs

We conjecture that the sum of the square roots of the Laplacian eigenvalues of a graph does not exceed the sum of the square roots of its signless Laplacian eigenvalues.

On graphs with smallest eigenvalue at least -3 and their lattices

In this paper, we show that a connected graph with smallest eigenvalue at least -3 and large enough minimal degree is 2-integrable. This result generalizes a 1977 result of Hoffman for connected graphs with smallest eigenvalue at least -2.

On the largest two and smallest six distance Pareto eigenvalues of a graph

In this article, we establish some bounds involving the largest two distance Pareto eigenvalues of a connected graph. Also we characterize all possible values for smallest six distance Pareto eigenvalues of a connected graph.

On the limit points of the smallest eigenvalues of regular graphs

In this paper, we give infinitely many examples of (non-isomorphic) connected $k$-regular graphs with smallest eigenvalue in half open interval $[-1-\sqrt2, -2)$ and also infinitely many examples of (non-isomorphic) connected $k$-regular graphs with smallest eigenvalue in half open interval $[α_1, -1-\sqrt2)$ where $α_1$ is the smallest root$(\approx -2.4812)$ of the polynomial $x^3+2x^2-2x-2$. From these results, we determine the largest and second largest limit points of smallest eigenvalues of regular graphs less than -2. Moreover we determine the supremum of the smallest eigenvalue among a…

Edge-signed graphs with smallest eigenvalue greater than -2

We give a structural classification of edge-signed graphs with smallest eigenvalue greater than -2. We prove a conjecture of Hoffman about the smallest eigenvalue of the line graph of a tree that was stated in the 1970s. Furthermore, we prove a more general result extending Hoffman's original statement to all edge-signed graphs with smallest eigenvalue greater than -2. Our results give a classification of the special graphs of fat Hoffman graphs with smallest eigenvalue greater than -3.

On the distance eigenvalues of design graphs

A design graph is a regular bipartite graph in which any two distinct vertices of the same part have the same number of common neighbors. This class of graphs have a close relationship to strongly regular graphs. In this paper, we study the distance eigenvalues of the design graphs. Also, we will explicitly determine the distance eigenvalues of a class of design graphs, and determine the values for which the class is distance integral, that is, its distance eigenvalues are integers.

Distance-regular graphs with valency k having smallest eigenvalue at most -k/2

In this paper, we study the non-bipartite distance-regular graphs with valency k and having a smallest eigenvalue at most -k/2.

On regular graphs with four distinct eigenvalues

Let $\mathcal{G}(4,2)$ be the set of connected regular graphs with four distinct eigenvalues in which exactly two eigenvalues are simple, $\mathcal{G}(4,2,-1)$ (resp. $\mathcal{G}(4,2,0)$) the set of graphs belonging to $\mathcal{G}(4,2)$ with $-1$ (resp. $0$) as an eigenvalue, and $\mathcal{G}(4,\geq -1)$ the set of connected regular graphs with four distinct eigenvalues and second least eigenvalue not less than $-1$. In this paper, we prove the non-existence of connected graphs having four distinct eigenvalues in which at least three eigenvalues are simple, and determine all the graphs in $\…

On Pareto eigenvalue of distance matrix of graphs

In this article, we study Pareto eigenvalues of distance matrix of connected graphs and show that the non zero entries of every distance Pareto eigenvector of a tree forms a strictly convex function on the forest generated by the vertices corresponding to the non zero entries of the vector. Besides we find the minimum number of possible distance Pareto eigenvalue of a connected graph and establish lower bounds for $n$ largest distance Pareto eigenvalues of a connected graph of order $n.$ Finally, we discuss some bounds for the second largest distance Pareto eigenvalue and find graphs with opti…

The Laplacian Eigenvalues and Invariants of Graphs

In this paper, we investigate some relations between the invariants (including vertex and edge connectivity and forwarding indices) of a graph and its Laplacian eigenvalues. In addition, we present a sufficient condition for the existence of Hamiltonicity in a graph involving its Laplacian eigenvalues.

Some regular signed graphs with only two distinct eigenvalues

We consider signed graphs, i.e, graphs with positive or negative signs on their edges. We determine the admissible parameters for the $\{5,6,\ldots,10\}$-regular signed graphs which have only two distinct eigenvalues. For each obtained parameter we provide some examples of signed graphs having two distinct eigenvalues. It turns out to construction of infinitely many signed graphs of each mentioned valency with only two distinct eigenvalues. We prove that for any $k\geq 5$ there are infinitely many connected signed $k$-regular graphs having maximum eigenvalue $\sqrt{k}$. Moreover for each $m\ge…

An inequality involving the second largest and smallest eigenvalue of a distance-regular graph

For a distance-regular graph with second largest eigenvalue (resp. smallest eigenvalue) \mu1 (resp. \muD) we show that (\mu1+1)(\muD+1)<= -b1 holds, where equality only holds when the diameter equals two. Using this inequality we study distance-regular graphs with fixed second largest eigenvalue.

Applications of analysis to the determination of the minimum number of distinct eigenvalues of a graph

We establish new bounds on the minimum number of distinct eigenvalues among real symmetric matrices with nonzero off-diagonal pattern described by the edges of a graph and apply these to determine the minimum number of distinct eigenvalues of several families of graphs and small graphs.

Characterization of graphs with some normalized Laplacian eigenvalue of multiplicity n-3

Graphs with few distinct eigenvalues have been investigated extensively. In this paper, we focus on another relevant topic: characterizing graphs with some eigenvalue of large multiplicity. Specifically, the normalized Laplacian matrix of a graph is considered here. Let $ρ_{n-1}(G)$ and $ν(G)$ be the second least normalized Laplacian eigenvalue and the independence number of a graph $G$, respectively. As the main conclusions, two families of $n$-vertex connected graphs with some normalized Laplacian eigenvalue of multiplicity $n-3$ are determined: graphs with $ρ_{n-1}(G)=-1$ and graphs with $ρ…

Graphs whose normalized Laplacian has three eigenvalues

We give a combinatorial characterization of graphs whose normalized Laplacian has three distinct eigenvalues. Strongly regular graphs and complete bipartite graphs are examples of such graphs, but we also construct more exotic families of examples from conference graphs, projective planes, and certain quasi-symmetric designs.

Sesqui-regular graphs with smallest eigenvalue at least $-3$

Koolen et al. showed that if a graph with smallest eigenvalue at least $-3$ has large minimal valency, then it is $2$-integrable. In this paper, we will focus on the sesqui-regular graphs with smallest eigenvalue at least $-3$ and study their integrability.

具有三个特征值的图的相干秩

The coherent rank of a graph with three eigenvalues

本文刻画了具有三个不同特征值且相干秩为8和9的图，发现新双正则图，证明三正则图相干秩至少为14，并引入推测无穷的双正则图族。

关于符号拉普拉斯特征值为不超过6的整数的非二部图

On non-bipartite graphs with integral signless Laplacian eigenvalues at most 6

该研究完成了符号拉普拉斯特征值为不超过6的整数的连通非二部图的完整分类工作，属于组合数学领域的图论研究。

The distance-regular graphs such that all of its second largest local eigenvalues are at most one

In this paper, we classify distance regular graphs such that all of its second largest local eigenvalues are at most one. Also we discuss the consequences for the smallest eigenvalue of a distance-regular graph. These extend a result by the first author, who classified the distance-regular graph with smallest eigenvalue $-1-\frac{b_1}{2}$.

Subdivision and Graph Eigenvalues

This paper investigates the asymptotic nature of graph spectra when some edges of a graph are subdivided sufficiently many times. In the special case where all edges of a graph are subdivided, we find the exact limits of the $k$-th largest and $k$-th smallest eigenvalues for any fixed $k$. It is expected that after subdivision, most eigenvalues of the new graph will lie in the interval $[-2,2]$. We examine the eigenvalues of the new graph outside this interval, and we prove several results that might be of independent interest.

The spectral excess theorem for distance-regular graphs having distance-$d$ graph with fewer distinct eigenvalues

Let $Γ$ be a distance-regular graph with diameter $d$ and Kneser graph $K=Γ_d$, the distance-$d$ graph of $Γ$. We say that $Γ$ is partially antipodal when $K$ has fewer distinct eigenvalues than $Γ$. In particular, this is the case of antipodal distance-regular graphs ($K$ with only two distinct eigenvalues), and the so-called half-antipodal distance-regular graphs ($K$ with only one negative eigenvalue). We provide a characterization of partially antipodal distance-regular graphs (among regular graphs with $d$ distinct eigenvalues) in terms of the spectrum and the mean number of vertices at m…

关于具有4个不同特征值的共边正则图

On co-edge-regular graphs with 4 distinct eigenvalues

该研究通过构造两类具有四个不同特征值且最小特征值固定的无限族连通共边正则图，反驳了 Tan 等人的猜想，并证明 Latin Square 图的团扩张并非谱确定。

关于图的最大与最小特征值乘积的注记

Note on the product of the largest and the smallest eigenvalue of a graph

本文利用特征值交错推导出图的最大度与其最大、最小邻接特征值之间的不等式，并完全刻画了等号成立的情形。

The graphs with all but two eigenvalues equal to $-2$ or $0$

We determine all graphs for which the adjacency matrix has at most two eigenvalues (multiplicities included) not equal to $-2$, or $0$, and determine which of these graphs are determined by their adjacency spectrum.

关于无三角形强正则图的最小不同特征值数

On the minimum number of distinct eigenvalues of triangle-free strongly regular graphs

本文研究了七个已知无三角形强正则图的最小不同特征值数，证明Clebsch图可达两个，并确定Sims-Gewirtz图的最小值为三，从而回答了一个开放问题。

The graphs with exactly two distance eigenvalues different from $-1$ and $-3$

In this paper, we completely characterize the graphs with third largest distance eigenvalue at most $-1$ and smallest distance eigenvalue at least $-3$. In particular, we determine all graphs whose distance matrices have exactly two eigenvalues (counting multiplicity) different from $-1$ and $-3$. It turns out that such graphs consist of three infinite classes, and all of them are determined by their distance spectra. We also show that the friendship graph is determined by its distance spectrum.

On graphs with some normalized Laplacian eigenvalue of extremal multiplicity

Let $G$ be a connected simple graph on $n$ vertices. Let $\mathcal{L}(G)$ be the normalized Laplacian matrix of $G$ and $ρ_{n-1}(G)$ be the second least eigenvalue of $\mathcal{L}(G)$. Denote by $ν(G)$ the independence number of $G$. Recently, the paper [Characterization of graphs with some normalized Laplacian eigenvalue of multiplicity $n-3$, arXiv:1912.13227] discussed the graphs with some normalized Laplacian eigenvalue of multiplicity $n-3$. However, there is one remaining case (graphs with $ρ_{n-1}(G)\neq 1$ and $ν(G)= 2$) not considered. In this paper, we focus on cographs and graphs wi…

The spectral excess theorem for graphs with few eigenvalues whose distance-$2$ or distance-$1$-or-$2$ graph is strongly regular

We study regular graphs whose distance-$2$ graph or distance-$1$-or-$2$ graph is strongly regular. We provide a characterization of such graphs $Γ$ (among regular graphs with few distinct eigenvalues) in terms of the spectrum and the mean number of vertices at maximal distance $d$ from every vertex, where $d+1$ is the number of different eigenvalues of $Γ$. This can be seen as a another version of the so-called spectral excess theorem, which characterizes in a similar way those regular graphs that are distance-regular.

Graphs with three distinct distance eigenvalues

In this paper, some special distance spectral properties of graphs are considered. Concretely, we recursively construct an infinite family of trees with distance eigenvalue $-1$, and determine all $\{C_3,C_4\}$-free connected graphs with three distinct distance eigenvalues of which the smallest one is equal to $-3$, which partially answers a problem posed by Koolen, Hayat and Iqbal [Linear Algebra Appl. 505 (2016) 97--108]. Furthermore, we characterize all trees with three distinct distance eigenvalues.

On eigenvalue multiplicity in signed graphs

For signed graphs we provide a cubic polynomial upper bound on the multiplicity of its eigenvalues. We show that this bound is sharp by providing examples of signed graphs in which it is attained. We also discuss particular cases in which the bound can be decreased.

图的特征值与度偏差

Eigenvalues and degree deviation in graphs

给定一个阶数为n，大小为m的图G，设s（G）= sum| d（u）-2m/n|其中和取G的所有顶点u。研究了图G的特征值关于s（G）的上界和下界.

On the inverse eigenvalue problem for block graphs

The inverse eigenvalue problem of a graph $G$ aims to find all possible spectra for matrices whose $(i,j)$-entry, for $i\neq j$, is nonzero precisely when $i$ is adjacent to $j$. In this work, the inverse eigenvalue problem is completely solved for a subfamily of clique-path graphs, in particular for lollipop graphs and generalized barbell graphs. For a matrix $A$ with associated graph $G$, a new technique utilizing the strong spectral property is introduced, allowing us to construct a matrix $A'$ whose graph is obtained from $G$ by appending a clique while arbitrary list of eigenvalues is add…

A note on graphs with exactly two main eigenvalues

In this note, we consider connected graphs with exactly two main eigenvalues. We will give several constructions for them, and as a consequence we show a family of those graphs with an unbounded number of distinct valencies.

On Products and Line Graphs of Signed Graphs, their Eigenvalues and Energy

In this article we examine the adjacency and Laplacian matrices and their eigenvalues and energies of the general product (non-complete extended $p$-sum, or NEPS) of signed graphs. We express the adjacency matrix of the product in terms of the Kronecker matrix product and the eigenvalues and energy of the product in terms of those of the factor signed graphs. For the Cartesian product we characterize balance and compute expressions for the Laplacian eigenvalues and Laplacian energy. We give exact results for those signed planar, cylindrical and toroidal grids which are Cartesian products of si…

无符号拉普拉斯特征值与图不变量的分布

Distribution of signless Laplacian eigenvalues and graph invariants

本文研究了简单图的无符号拉普拉斯特征值分布，揭示了特定区间内的特征值数量与匹配数、直径等图不变量之间的关系。