We construct, for a second-order homogeneous Lagrangian in two independent variables, a differential 2-form with the property that it is closed precisely when the Lagrangian is null. This is similar to the property of the 'fundamental Lepage equivalent' associated with first-order Lagrangians defined on jets of sections of a fibred manifold. We show that this form may be defined on a fourth-order frame bundle but is not, in general, projectable to a bundle of contact elements
We fully classify all Lagrangian submanifolds of a complex Grassmannian which are an orbit of a compact group of isometries and have positive Euler characteristic.
For any irreducible compact homogeneous Kähler manifold, we classify the compact tight Lagrangian submanifolds which have the Z_2-homology of a sphere.
We construct, for a homogeneous Lagrangian of arbitrary order in two independent variables, a differential 2-form with the property that it is closed precisely when the Lagrangian is null. This is similar to the property of the `fundamental Lepage equivalent' associated with first-order Lagrangians defined on jets of sections of a fibred manifold.
We classify holomorphic isometric actions on complex space forms all whose orbits are Lagrangian submanifolds, up to orbit equivalence. The only examples are Lagrangian affine subspace foliations of complex Euclidean spaces, and Lagrangian horocycle foliations of complex hyperbolic spaces.
We apply the concept of castling transform of prehomogeneous vector spaces to produce new examples of minimal homogeneous Lagrangian submanifolds in the complex projective space. Furthermore we verify the Hamiltonian stability of a low dimensional example that can be obtained in this way.
We consider a connected symplectic manifold $M$ acted on properly and in a Hamiltonian fashion by a connected Lie group $G$. Inspired to the recent paper \cite{gb2}, see also \cite{ch} and \cite{pacini}, we study Lagrangian orbits of Hamiltonian actions. The dimension of the moduli space of the Lagrangian orbits is given and we also describe under which condition a Lagrangian orbit is isolated. If $M$ is a compact Kähler manifold we give a necessary and sufficient condition to an isometric action admits a Lagrangian orbit. Then we investigate Lagrangian homogeneous submanifolds on the symplect…
We show how the homogeneous variational bicomplex provides a useful formalism for describing a number of properties of single-integral variational problems, and we introduce a subsequence of one of the rows of the bicomplex which is locally exact with respect to the variational derivative. We are therefore able to recover a Lagrangian from a set of equations given as a variationally-closed differential form. As an example, we show how to recover a first-order Lagrangian from a suitable set of second-order equations.
In this paper, we show that isotropic Lagrangian submanifolds in a $6$-dimensional strict nearly Kähler manifold are totally geodesic. Moreover, under some weaker conditions, a complete classification of the $J$-isotropic Lagrangian submanifolds in the homogeneous nearly Kähler $\mathbb{S}^3\times \mathbb{S}^3$ is also obtained. Here, a Lagrangian submanifold is called $J$-isotropic, if there exists a function $λ$, such that $g((\nabla h)(v,v,v),Jv)=λ$ holds for all unit tangent vector $v$.
In this paper, we study Lagrangian submanifolds of the homogeneous nearly Kähler $6$-dimensional unit sphere $\mathbb{S}^6(1)$. As the main result, we derive a Simons' type integral inequality in terms of the second fundamental form for compact Lagrangian submanifolds of $\mathbb{S}^6(1)$. Moreover, we show that the equality sign occurs if and only if the Lagrangian submanifold is either the totally geodesic $\mathbb{S}^3(1)$ or the Dillen-Verstraelen-Vrancken's Berger sphere $S^3$ discribed in J Math Soc Japan, 42: 565-584, 1990.
In this article the framework created by Cartan to produce local differential invariants for submanifolds of homogeneous spaces is applied to classify all totally geodesic Lagrangian submanifolds and all homogeneous Lagrangian submanifolds of the nearly Kähler manifold of full flags in $\mathbb{C}^3$.
We study the geometry of Engel structures, which are 2-plane fields on 4-manifolds satisfying a generic condition, that are compatible with other geometric structures. A \em{Lagrangian} Engel structure is an Engel 2-plane field on a symplectic 4-manifold for which the 2-planes are Lagrangian with respect to the symplectic structure. We solve the equivalence problems for Lagrangian Engel structures and use the resulting structure equations to classify homogeneous Lagrangian Engel structures. This allows us to determine all compact, homogeneous examples. Compact manifolds that support homogeneou…
We characterize isometric actions on compact Kaehler manifolds admitting a Lagrangian orbit, describing under which condition the Lagrangian orbit is unique. We furthermore give the complete classification of simple groups acting on the complex projective space with a Lagrangian orbit, and we give the explicit list of these orbits.
We study the Euler-Lagrange equations for a parameter dependent $G$-invariant Lagrangian on a homogeneous $G$-space. We consider the pullback of the parameter dependent Lagrangian to the Lie group $G$, emphasizing the special invariance properties of the associated Euler-Poincaré equations with advected parameters.
The Clifford torus is a torus in a three-dimensional sphere. Homogeneous tori are simple generalization of the Clifford torus which still in a three-dimensional sphere. There is a way to construct tori in a three-dimensional sphere using the Hopf fibration. In this paper, all Hamiltonian stationary Lagrangian tori which is contained in a hypersphere in the complex Euclidean plane are constructed explicitly. Then it is shown that they are homogeneous tori. For the construction, flat quaternionic connections of Hamiltonian stationary Lagrangian tori are considered and a spectral curve of an asso…
Motivated by various results on homogeneous geodesics of Riemannian spaces, we study homogeneous trajectories, i.e. trajectories which are orbits of a one-parameter symmetry group, of Lagrangian and Hamiltonian systems. We present criteria under which an orbit of a one-parameter subgroup of a symmetry group G is a solution of the Euler-Lagrange or Hamiltonian equations. In particular, we generalize the `geodesic lemma' known in Riemannian geometry to Lagrangian and Hamiltonian systems. We present results on the existence of homogeneous trajectories of Lagrangian systems. We study Hamiltonian a…
We classify Lagrangian submanifolds of complex space forms, whose second fundamental form can be written in a certain way, depending on a real parameter. For some special values of this parameter, the resulting submanifolds are ideal in the sense that they realize equality in an inequality for a Chen's delta-curvature.
We prove that the quasi-homogenous symbols on the projective space $\mathbb{P}^n(\mathbb{C})$ yield commutative algebras of Toeplitz operators on all weighted Bergman spaces, thus extending to this compact case known results for the unit ball $\mathbb{B}^n$. These algebras are Banach but not $C^*$. We prove the existence of a strong link between such symbols and algebras with the geometry of $\mathbb{P}^n(\mathbb{C})$. The latter is also proved for the corresponding symbols and algebras on $\mathbb{B}^n$.
The Lagrangian formalism on a arbitrary non-fibrating manifold is considered. The kinematical description of this generic situation is based on the concept of (higher-order) Grassmann manifolds which is the factorization of the regular velocity manifold to the action of the differential group. Here we introduce in this context the basic concepts of the Lagrangian formalism as Lagrange, Euler-Lagrange and Helmholtz-Sonin forms. These objects come in pairs, namely we have homogeneous objects (defined on the regular velocity manifold) and non-homogeneous objects (defined on the Grassmann manifold…
A second-order generalization of the fundamental Lepage form of geometric calculus of variations over fibered manifolds with 2-dimensional base is described by means of insisting on (i) equivalence relation "Lepage differential 2-form is closed if and only if the associated Lagrangian is trivial" and, (ii) the principal component of Lepage form, extending the well-known Poincaré-Cartan form, preserves order prescribed by a given Lagrangian. This approach completes several attempts of finding a Lepage equivalent of a second-order Lagrangian possessing condition (i), which is well-known for firs…
The image of the Gauss map of any oriented isoparametric hypersurface of the unit standard sphere $S^{n+1}(1)$ is a minimal Lagrangian submanifold in the complex hyperquadric $Q_n({\mathbf C})$. In this paper we show that the Gauss image of a compact oriented isoparametric hypersurface with $g$ distinct constant principal curvatures in $S^{n+1}(1)$ is a compact monotone and cyclic embedded Lagrangian submanifold with minimal Maslov number $2n/g$. The main result of this paper is to determine completely the Hamiltonian stability of all compact minimal Lagrangian submanifolds embedded in complex…
In this paper, high-order numerical integrators on homogeneous spaces will be presented as an application of nonholonomic partitioned Runge-Kutta Munthe-Kaas (RKMK) methods on Lie groups. A homogeneous space $M$ is a manifold where a group $G$ acts transitively. Such a space can be understood as a quotient $M \cong G/H$, where $H$ a closed Lie subgroup, is the isotropy group of each point of $M$. The Lie algebra of $G$ may be decomposed into $\mathfrak{g} = \mathfrak{m} \oplus \mathfrak{h}$, where $\mathfrak{h}$ is the subalgebra that generates $H$ and $\mathfrak{m}$ is a subspace. Thus, varia…
It has been known for some time that there exist $5$ essentially different real forms of the complex affine Kac-Moody algebra of type $A_2^{(2)}$ and that one can associate $4$ of these real forms with certain classes of "integrable surfaces", such as minimal Lagrangian surfaces in $\mathbb {CP}^2$ and $\mathbb {CH}^2$, as well as definite and indefinite affine spheres in $\mathbb R^3$. In this paper we consider the class of timelike minimal Lagrangian surfaces in the indefinite complex hyperbolic two-space $\mathbb{CH}^2_1$. We show that this class of surfaces corresponds to the fifth real fo…
The Lagrangian representation of multi-Hamiltonian PDEs has been introduced by Y. Nutku and one of us (MVP). In this paper we focus on systems which are (at least) bi-Hamiltonian by a pair $A_1$, $A_2$, where $A_1$ is a hydrodynamic-type Hamiltonian operator. We prove that finding the Lagrangian representation is equivalent to finding a generalized vector field $τ$ such that $A_2=L_τA_1$. We use this result in order to find the Lagrangian representation when $A_2$ is a homogeneous third-order Hamiltonian operator, although the method that we use can be applied to any other homogeneous Hamilton…
The present work is devoted to compact completely solvable solvmanifolds which admit Kahlerian metrics whose Kahler forms are homogeneous. In particular, we show that such manifolds are diffeomorphic to flat tori. Our proof is based on Dynkin diagrams associated to left invariant closed 2-forms in completely solvable Lie groups. These diagrams are shown to be closely related to Lagrangian foliations,primitive degrees of homogeneous spaces, and geometric structures such as $(\bkR^ n, Aff (\bkR^ n))$-structures on symplectic homogeneous spaces.
Let $D$ be a homogeneous bounded domain of $\mathbb{C}^n$ and $\mathcal{A}$ a set of (anti--Wick) symbols that defines a commutative algebra of Toeplitz operators on every weighted Bergman space of $D$. We prove that if $\mathcal{A}$ is rich enough, then it has an underlying geometric structure given by a Lagrangian foliation.
We formulate certain sufficient conditions for the symplectic monodromy of an isolated quasihomogeneous singularity to be of infinite order in the relative symplectic mapping class group of the Milnor fibre and give a proof using Maslov classes, stability theory for Lagrangian folds resp. stable Morse theory for generating families as well as algebraic results about relative cohomology of smoothings of isolated singularities. Our conditions being slightly more restrictive than Seidel's, in contrary to Seidel's proof, we do not use Floer theory to derive this result. An alternative approach usi…
For $L \hookrightarrow X$ a Lagrangian embedding associated with a real homogeneous space, we construct the moduli space of stable holomorphic discs mapping to $(X,L)$ as an orbifold with corners equipped with a group action. Some essential constructions involving orbifolds with corners are also discussed, including the existence of fibered products and pushforward and pullback of differential forms with values in a local system.
