We construct F-structures on a Bott manifold and on some other manifolds obtained by Kummer-type constructions. We also prove that if M=E#X, where E is a fiber bundle with structure group G and a fiber admitting a G-invariant metric of non-negative sectional curvature and X admits an F-structure with one trivial covering, then one can construct on M a sequence of metrics with sectional curvature uniformly bounded from below and volume tending to zero (i.e. $Vol_K$ (M)=0). As a corollary we prove that all the elements in the Spin cobordism group can be represented by manifolds M with $Vol_K$ (M)==0.
We demonstrate how by using the intersection theory to calculate the cohomology of $G_2$-manifolds constructed by using the generalized Kummer construction. For one example we find the generators of the rational cohomology ring and describe the product structure.
In this paper, the relationship between the existence of special lagrangian submanifolds and the collapsing of Calabi-Yau manifolds is studied. First, special lagrangian fibrations are constructed on some regions of bounded curvature and sufficiently collapsed in Ricci-flat Calabi-Yau manifolds. Then, in the opposite direction,it is shown that the existence of special lagrangian submanifolds with small volume implies the collapsing of some regions in the ambient Calabi-Yau manifolds.
In this article we introduce a method to construct $\rm{G}_2$-instantons on $\rm{G}_2$-manifolds arising from Joyce's generalised Kummer construction. The method is based on gluing ASD instantons over ALE spaces to flat bundles on $\rm{G}_2$-orbifolds of the form $T^7/ Γ$. We use this construction to produce non-trivial examples of $\rm{G}_2$-instantons.
We show that for certain locally collapsing initial data with Ricci curvature bounded below, one could start the Ricci flow for a definite period of time. This provides a Ricci flow smoothing tool, with which we find topological conditions that detect the collapsing infranil fiber bundles over controlled Riemannian orbifolds among those locally collapsing regions with Ricci curvature bounded below. In the appendix, we also provide a local distance distortion estimate for certain Ricci flows with collapsing initial data.
We consider Riemannian 4-manifolds that Gromov-Hausdorff converge to a lower dimensional limit space, with the Ricci tensor going to zero. Among other things, we show that if the limit space is two dimensional then under some mild assumptions, the limiting four dimensional geometry away from the curvature blowup region is semiflat Kaehler.
This manuscript studies manifolds-with-boundary collapsing in the Gromov-Hausdorff topology. The main aim is an understanding of the relationship of the topology and geometry of a limiting sequence of manifolds-with-boundary to that of a limit space, which is presumed to be without geodesic terminals. The main result establishes a disc bundle structure for any manifold-with-boundary having two-sided bounds on sectional curvature and second fundamental form, and a lower bound on intrinsic injectivity radius, which is sufficiently close in the Gromov-Hausdorff topology to a closed manifold. The …
By Cheeger-Colding's almost splitting theorem, if a domain in a Ricci flat manifold is pointed-Gromov-Hausdorff close to a lower dimensional Euclidean domain, then there is a harmonic almost splitting map. We show that any eigenfunction of the Laplace operator is almost constant along the fibers of the almost splitting map, in the $L^2$-average sense. This generalizes an estimate of Fukaya in the case of collapsing with bounded diameter and sectional curvature.
One of the main results of the paper arXiv:1108.0967 by Gross-Tosatti-Zhang establishes estimates on the collapsing of Ricci-flat Kahler metrics on holomorphic torus fibrations. We remove a projectivity assumption from these estimates and simplify some of the underlying analysis.
We propose a new collapsing mechanism for $G_2$-metrics, with the generic region admitting a circle bundle structure over a K3 fibration over a Riemann surface. The adiabatic description involves a weighted version of the maximal submanifold equation. In a local smooth setting we prove the existence of formal power series solutions, and the problem of compactification is discussed at a heuristic level. The $Spin(7)$ analogue is also discussed.
Let $X$ be a hyperkaehler manifold. Trianalytic subvarieties of $X$ are subvarieties which are complex analytic with respect to all complex structures induced by the hyperkaehler structure. Given a 2-dimensional complex torus $T$, the Hilbert scheme $T^{[n]}$ classifying zero-dimensional subschemes of $T$ admits a hyperkaehler structure. A finite cover of $T^{[n]}$ is a product of $T$ and a simply connected hyperkaehler manifold $K^{[n-1]}$, called generalized Kummer variety. We show that for $T$ generic, the corresponding generalized Kummer variety has no trianalytic subvarieties. This implie…
In this paper we study collapsing sequences M_{i}-> X of Riemannian manifolds with curvature bounded or bounded away from a controlled subset. We introduce a structure over X which in an appropriate sense is dual to the N-structure of Cheeger, Fukaya and Gromov. As opposed to the N-structure, which live over the M_{i} themselves, this structure lives over X and allows for a convenient notion of global convergence as well as the appropriate background structure for doing analysis on X. This structure is new even in the case of uniformly bounded curvature and as an application we give a generali…
The goal of the present paper is to calculate the limit spectrum of the Hodge-de Rham operator under the perturbation of collapsing one part of a manifold obtained by gluing together two manifolds with the same boundary. It appears to take place in the general problem of blowing up conical singularities as introduced in \cite{Maz} and \cite{Row1,Row2}.
We will simplify the earlier proofs of Perelman's collapsing theorem of 3-manifolds given by Shioya-Yamaguchi and Morgan-Tian. Among other things, we use Perelman's semi-convex analysis of distance functions to construct the desired local Seifert fibration structure on collapsed 3-manifolds. The verification of Perelman's collapsing theorem is the last step of Perelman's proof of Thurston's Geometrization Conjecture on the classification of 3-manifolds. Our proof of Perelman's collapsing theorem is almost self-contained. We believe that our proof of this collapsing theorem is accessible to non…
We will simplify earlier proofs of Perelman's collapsing theorem for 3-manifolds given by Shioya-Yamaguchi and Morgan-Tian. Among other things, we use Perelman's critical point theory (e.g., multiple conic singularity theory and his fibration theory) for Alexandrov spaces to construct the desired local Seifert fibration structure on collapsed 3-manifolds. The verification of Perelman's collapsing theorem is the last step of Perelman's proof of Thurston's Geometrization Conjecture on the classification of 3-manifolds. Our proof of Perelman's collapsing theorem is almost self-contained, accessib…
This is an expositiry article on collapsing theory in Riemannian geometry written for the Modern Encyclopedia of Mathematical Physics (MEMPhys). We focus on describing the geometric and topological structure of collapsed/non-collapsed regions in Riemannian manifold under various curvature assumptions. Numerous applications of collapsing theory to Riemannian geometry are NOT discussed in this survey.
We study sequences of 3-dimensional solutions to the Ricci flow with almost nonnegative sectional curvatures and diameters tending to infinity. Such sequences may arise from the limits of dilations about singularities of Type IIb. In particular, we study the case when the sequence collapses, which may occur when dilating about infinite time singularities. In this case we classify the possible Gromov-Hausdorff limits and construct 2-dimensional virtual limits. The virtual limits are constructed using Fukaya theory of the limits of local covers. We then show that the virtual limit arising from a…
We survey some recent developments in the study of collapsing Riemannian manifolds with Ricci curvature bounded below, especially the locally bounded Ricci covering geometry and the Ricci flow smoothing techniques. We then prove that if a Calabi-Yau manifold is sufficiently volume collapsed with bounded diameter and sectional curvature, then it admits a Ricci-flat Kähler metrictogether with a compatible pure nilpotent Killing structure: this is related to an open question of Cheeger, Fukaya and Gromov.
In this paper, an n-dimensional complete open manifold with nonnegative Ricci curvature and collapsing volume has been investigated. If its radial sectional curvature bounded from below, it shows that such a manifold is of finite topological type under some restrictions shown below.
We classify compact Kähler manifolds $M$ of dimension $n\geq 3$ on which acts a lattice of an almost simple real Lie group of rank $\geq n-1$. This provides a new line in the so-called Zimmer program, and characterizes certain type of complex tori by a property of their automorphisms groups.
In this note we will show the almost maximal volume entropy rigidity for manifolds with lower integral Ricci curvature bound in the non-collapsing case: Given $n, d, p>\frac{n}{2}$, there exist $δ(n, d, p), ε(n, d, p)>0$, such that for $δ<δ(n, d, p)$, $ε<ε(n, d, p)$, if a compact $n$-manifold $M$ satisfies that the integral Ricci curvature has lower bound $\bar k(-1, p)\leq δ$, the diameter $diam(M)\leq d$ and volume entropy $h(M)\geq n-1-ε$, then the universal cover of $M$ is Gromov-Hausdorff close to a hyperbolic space form $\Bbb H^k$, $k\leq n$; If in addition the volume of $M$, $vol(M)\geq…
Let (M^n_i,g_i,p_i) be a sequence of smooth pointed complete n-dimensional Riemannian Manifolds with uniform bounds on the sectional curvatures and let (X,d,p) be a metric space such that (M^n_i,g_i,p_i) -> (X,d,p) in the Gromov-Hausdorff sense. Let O \subseteq X be the set of points x \in X such that there exists a neighborhood of x which is isometric to an open set in a Riemannian orbifold and let B = O^c be the complement set. Then we have the sharp estimates dim_Haus(B) \leq min{n-5, dim_Haus(X)-3}, and further for arbitrary x \in X we have that x \in O iff a neighborhood of x has bounded …
In the last two decades, one of the most important developments in Riemannian geometry is the collapsing theory of Cheeger-Fukaya-Gromov. A Riemannian manifold is called (sufficiently) collapsed if its dimension looks smaller than its actual dimension while its sectional curvature remains bounded (say a very thin flat torus looks like a circle in a bared eyes). We will survey the development of collapsing theory and its applications to Riemannian geometry since 1990. The common starting point for all of these is the existence of a singular fibration structure on collapsed manifolds. However, n…
We survey some recent developments on the problem of understanding degenerations of Calabi-Yau manifolds equipped with their Ricci-flat Kahler metrics, with an emphasis on the case when the metrics are volume collapsing.
We prove an optimal control on the time-dependent measure of a measurable set under a reparametrized Lagrangian mean curvature flow of almost calibrated submanifolds in a Calabi-Yau manifold. Moreover we give a classification of those Lagrangian translating solitons in $\mathbb{C}^m$ that evolve by this reparametrized flow
We give a purely geometrical smooth characterization of closed infrasolv manifolds and orbifolds by showing that, up to diffeomorphism, these are precisely the spaces which admit a collapse with bounded curvature and diameter to compact flat orbifolds. Moreover, we distinguish irreducible smooth fake tori geometrically from standard ones by proving that the former have non-vanishing D-minimal volume.
Let $X = M \times E$ where $M$ is an $m$-dimensional Kähler manifold with negative first Chern class and $E$ is an $n$-dimensional complex torus. We obtain $C^\infty$ convergence of the normalized Kähler-Ricci flow on $X$ to a Kähler-Einstein metric on $M$. This strengthens a convergence result of Song-Weinkove and confirms their conjecture.
In my talk I will discuss the following results which were obtained in joint work with Wilderich Tuschmann. 1. For any given numbers $m$, $C$ and $D$, the class of $m$-dimensional simply connected closed smooth manifolds with finite second homotopy groups which admit a Riemannian metric with sectional curvature $\vert K \vert\le C$ and diameter $\le D$ contains only finitely many diffeomorphism types. 2. Given any $m$ and any $δ>0$, there exists a positive constant $i_0=i_0(m,δ)>0$ such that the injectivity radius of any simply connected compact $m$-dimensional Riemannian manifold with finite …
This paper is a sequel to arXiv:1108.0967. We further study Gromov-Hausdorff collapsing limits of Ricci-flat Kähler metrics on abelian fibered Calabi-Yau manifolds. Firstly, we show that in the same setup as arXiv:1108.0967, if the dimension of the base manifold is one, the limit metric space is homeomorphic to the base manifold. Secondly, if the fibered Calabi-Yau manifolds are Lagrangian fibrations of holomorphic symplectic manifolds, the metrics on the regular parts of the limits are special Kähler metrics. By combining these two results, we extend arXiv:math/0008018 to any fibered projecti…
In this paper, we study the collapsing behaviour of negative Kähler-Einstein metrics along degenerations of canonical polarized manifolds. We prove that for a toroidal degeneration of canonical polarized manifolds with the total space $\mathbb{Q}$-factorial, the Kähler-Einstein metrics on fibers collapse to a lower dimensional complete Riemannian manifold in the pointed Gromov-Hausdorff sense by suitably choosing the base points. Furthermore, the most collapsed limit is a real affine Kähler manifold.
This short note studies the collapsing behavior of the Kähler-Ricci flow on a compact Kähler manifold X admitting a holomorphic submersion X -> B where B is a Kähler manifold of lower dimension than X. We give cohomological and curvature conditions under which the fibers collapse at the optimal rate ~(T-t)^{1/2}
In this short note, exploits of constructions of $\mathcal{F}$-structures coupled with technology developed by Cheeger-Gromov and Paternain-Petean are seen to yield a procedure to compute minimal entropy, minimal volume, Yamabe invariant and to study collapsing with bounded sectional curvature on inequivalent smooth structures and inequivalent PL-structures within a fixed homeomorphism class. We compute these fundamental Riemannian invariants for every high-dimensional smooth manifold on the homeomorphism class of any smooth manifold that admits a Riemannian metric of zero sectional curvature.…
We investigate the collapsing geometry of hyperkähler 4-manifolds. As applications we prove two well-known conjectures in the field. (1) Any collapsed limit of unit-diameter hyperkähler metrics on the K3 manifold is isometric to one of the following: the quotient of a flat 3-torus by an involution, a singular special Kähler metric on the 2-sphere, or the unit interval. (2) Any complete hyperkähler 4-manifold with finite energy (i.e., gravitational instanton) is asymptotic to a model end at infinity.
Let $(\M^n, g_{ij})$ be a complete Riemammnian manifold. For some constants $p,\ r>0$, define $\displaystyle k(p,r)=\sup_{x\in M}r^2\left(\oint_{B(x,r)}|Ric^-|^p dV\right)^{1/p}$, where $Ric^-$ denotes the negative part of the Ricci curvature tensor. We prove that for any $p>\frac{n}{2}$, when $k(p,1)$ is small enough, certain Li-Yau type gradient bound holds for the positive solutions of the heat equation on geodesic balls $B(O,r)$ in $\M$ with $0<r\leq 1$. Here the assumption that $k(p,1)$ being small allows the situation where the manifolds is collapsing. Recall that in \cite{ZZ}, certain L…
We study the collapsing behaviour of Ricci-flat Kahler metrics on a projective Calabi-Yau manifold which admits an abelian fibration, when the volume of the fibers approaches zero. We show that away from the critical locus of the fibration the metrics collapse with locally bounded curvature, and along the fibers the rescaled metrics become flat in the limit. The limit metric on the base minus the critical locus is locally isometric to an open dense subset of any Gromov-Hausdorff limit space of the Ricci-flat metrics. We then apply these results to study metric degenerations of families of pola…
Restrictions are obtained on the topology of a compact divergence-free null hypersurface in a four-dimensional Lorentzian manifold whose Ricci tensor is zero or satisfies some weaker conditions. This is done by showing that each null hypersurface of this type can be used to construct a family of three-dimensional Riemannian metrics which collapses with bounded curvature and applying known results on the topology of manifolds which collapse. The result is then applied to general relativity, where it implies a restriction on the topology of smooth compact Cauchy horizons in spacetimes with vario…
Let (M,g) be a Riemannian manifold with an isometric action of the Lie group G. Let g_G be a left invariant metric on G. Consider the diagonal G action on the product $M \times G$ with the metric g+g_G. In this paper we calculate the formula for the metric h on the quotient space $(M \times G) / G$; the map from g to h is the metric transformation. In particular when g is the hyperbolic metric on H^2 and G=S^1, the transformed metric h is Hamilton's cigar soliton metric studied in the Ricci flow.
We show that if on a compact Kahler threefold there is a solution of the Kahler-Ricci flow which encounters a finite time collapsing singularity, then the manifold admits a Fano fibration. Furthermore, if there is finite time extinction then the manifold is Fano and the initial class is a positive multiple of the first Chern class.
Given a projective hyperkahler manifold with a holomorphic Lagrangian fibration, we prove that hyperkahler metrics with volume of the torus fibers shrinking to zero collapse in the Gromov-Hausdorff sense (and smoothly away from the singular fibers) to a compact metric space which is a half-dimensional special Kahler manifold outside a singular set of real Hausdorff codimension 2 and is homeomorphic to the base projective space.
We analyze the limit of the spectrum of a geometric Dirac-type operator under a collapse with bounded diameter and bounded sectional curvature. In the case of a smooth limit space B, we show that the limit of the spectrum is given by the spectrum of a certain first-order differential operator on B, which can be constructed using superconnections. In the case of a general limit space X, we express the limit operator in terms of a transversally elliptic operator on a G-space Y, with X = Y/G. As an application, we give a characterization of manifolds which do not admit uniform upper bounds, in te…
We investigate the Kahler-Ricci flow on holomorphic fiber spaces whose generic fiber is a Calabi-Yau manifold. We establish uniform metric convergence to a metric on the base, away from the singular fibers, and show that the rescaled metrics on the fibers converge to Ricci-flat Kahler metrics. This strengthens previous work of Song-Tian and others. We obtain analogous results for degenerations of Ricci-flat Kahler metrics.
In this paper, we study the topology of topologically regular 4-dimensional open non-negatively curved Alexandrov spaces. These spaces occur naturally as the blow-up limits of compact Riemannian manifolds with lower curvature bound. These manifolds have also been studied by Yamaguchi in his preprint [Yam2002]. Our main tools are gradient flows of semi-concave functions and critical point theory for distance functions, which have been used to study the 3-dimensional collapsing theory in the paper [CaoG2010]. The results of this paper will be used in our future studies of collapsing 4-manifolds,…
Crowley and Nordström introduced an invariant of $G_2$-structures on the tangent bundle of a closed 7-manifold, taking values in the integers modulo 48. Using the spectral description of this invariant due to Crowley, Goette and Nordström, we compute it for many of the closed torsion-free $G_2$-manifolds defined by Joyce's generalized Kummer construction.
By introducing a weight function to the Laplace operator, Bakry and Émery defined the "drift Laplacian" to study diffusion processes. Our first main result is that, given a Bakry-Émery manifold, there is a naturally associated family of graphs whose eigenvalues converge to the eigenvalues of the drift Laplacian as the graphs collapse to the manifold. Applications of this result include a new relationship between Dirichlet eigenvalues of domains in $\R^n$ and Neumann eigenvalues of domains in $\R^{n+1}$ and a new maximum principle. Using our main result and maximum principle, we are able to gen…
