This paper expands some of the issues of the paper math.SG/0506449. We introduce a new technique to produce symplectic manifolds, by taking a symplectic non-free action of a finite group on a symplectic manifold and resolving symplectically the singularities of the quotient. We also introduce a new type of Massey product to detect non-formality. This allows to show the first example of a non-formal simply connected compact symplectic manifold of dimension 8.
In the present paper we study the variation of the dimensions $h_k$ of spaces of symplectically harmonic cohomology classes (in the sense of Brylinski) on closed symplectic manifolds. We give a description of such variation for all 6-dimensional nilmanifolds equipped with symplectic forms. In particular, it turns out that certain 6-dimensional nilmanifolds possess families of homogeneous symplectic forms $ω_t$ for which numbers $h_k(M,ω_t)$ vary with respect to t. This gives an affirmative answer to a question raised by Boris Khesin and Dusa McDuff. Our result is in contrast with the case of 4…
We obtain an example of a compact locally conformal symplectic nilmanifold which admits no locally conformal Kähler metrics. This gives a new positive answer to a question raised by L. Ornea and M. Verbitsky.
We study symplectic (contact) structures on nilmanifolds that correspond to the filiform Lie algebras - nilpotent Lie algebras of the maximal length of the descending central sequence. We give a complete classification of filiform Lie algebras that possess a basis e_1, ..., e_n, [e_i,e_j]=c_{ij}e_{i{+}j} (N-graded Lie algebras). In particular we describe the spaces of symplectic cohomology classes for all even-dimensional algebras of the list. It is proved that a symplectic filiform Lie algebra is a filtered deformation of some N-graded symplectic filiform Lie algebra. But this condition is no…
The aim of this paper is to study self-similar solutions to the symplectic cuvature flow on 6-dimensional nilmanifolds. For this purpose, we focus our attention in the family of symplectic Two- and Three-step nilpotent Lie algebras admitting a "minimal compatible metric" and we give a complete classification of these algebras together with their respective metric. Such classification is given by using our generalization of Nikolayevsky's nice basis criterium (arXiv:1301.4949), which will be repeated here in the context of canonical compatible metrics for geometric structures on nilmanifolds, f…
We study bi-Lagrangian structures (a symplectic form with a pair of complementary Lagrangian foliations, also known as para-Kähler or Künneth structures) on nilmanifolds of dimension less than or equal to 6. In particular, building on previous work of several authors, we determine which 6-dimensional nilpotent Lie algebras admit a bi-Lagrangian structure. In dimension 6, there are (up to isomorphism) 26 nilpotent Lie algebras which admit a symplectic form, 16 of which admit a bi-Lagrangian structure and 10 of which do not. We also calculate the curvature of the canonical connection of these bi…
Relations between the symplectically harmonic cohomology and the coeffective cohomology of a symplectic manifold are obtained. This is achieved through a generalization of the latter, which in addition allows us to provide a coeffective version of the filtered cohomologies introduced by C.-J. Tsai, L.-S. Tseng and S.-T. Yau. We construct closed (simply connected) manifolds endowed with a family of symplectic forms $ω_t$ such that the dimensions of these symplectic cohomology groups vary with respect to $t$. A complete study of these cohomologies is given for 6-dimensional symplectic nilmanifol…
In this note we introduce primitive cohomology groups of locally conformal symplectic manifolds $(M^{2n}, ω, θ)$. We study the relation between the primitive cohomology groups and the Lichnerowicz-Novikov cohomology groups of $(M^{2n}, ω, θ)$, using and extending the technique of spectral sequences developed by Di Pietro and Vinogradov for symplectic manifolds. We discuss related results by many peoples, e.g. Bouche, Lychagin, Rumin, Tseng-Yau, in light of our spectral sequences. We calculate the primitive cohomology groups of a $(2n+2)$-dimensional locally conformal symplectic nilmanifold as …
J. Streets and G. Tian recently introduced symplectic curvature flow, a geometric flow on almost Kähler manifolds generalising Kähler-Ricci flow. The present article gives examples of explicit solutions to this flow of non-Kähler structures on several nilmanifolds and on twistor fibrations over hyperbolic space studied by J. Fine and D. Panov. The latter lead to examples of non-Kähler static solutions of symplectic curvature flow which can be seen as analogues of Kähler-Einstein manifolds in Kähler-Ricci flow.
We produce examples of generalized complex structures on manifolds by generalizing results from symplectic and complex geometry. We produce generalized complex structures on symplectic fibrations over a generalized complex base. We study in some detail different invariant generalized complex structures on compact Lie groups and provide a thorough description of invariant structures on nilmanifolds, achieving a classification on 6-nilmanifolds. We study implications of the `dd^c-lemma' in the generalized complex setting. Similarly to the standard dd^c-lemma, its generalized version induces a de…
We show that the exterior derivative operator on a symplectic manifold has a natural decomposition into two linear differential operators, analogous to the Dolbeault operators in complex geometry. These operators map primitive forms into primitive forms and therefore lead directly to the construction of primitive cohomologies on symplectic manifolds. Using these operators, we introduce new primitive cohomologies that are analogous to the Dolbeault cohomology in the complex theory. Interestingly, the finiteness of these primitive cohomologies follows directly from an elliptic complex. We calcul…
Let $(M, ω)$ be a connected compact symplectic manifold equipped with a Hamiltonian SU(2) or SO(3) action. We prove that, as fundamental group of topological spaces, $π_1(M)=π_1(M_{red})$, where $M_{red}$ is the symplectic quotient at any value of the moment map $ϕ$.
Assume $(M, ω)$ is a connected, compact 6 dimensional symplectic manifold equipped with a semi-free Hamiltonian circle action, such that the fixed point set consists of isolated points or compact orientable surfaces. We restrict attention to the case $\dim$ $H^2(M)<3$. We give a complete list of the possible manifolds, determine their equivariant cohomology ring and equivariant Chern classes. Some of these manifolds are classified up to diffeomorphism. We also show the existence for a few cases.
Let $(M, ω)$ be a connected, compact symplectic manifold equipped with a Hamiltonian $G$ action, where $G$ is a connected compact Lie group. Let $ϕ$ be the moment map. In \cite{L}, we proved the following result for $G=S^1$ action: as fundamental groups of topological spaces, $π_1(M)=π_1(M_{red})$, where $M_{red}$ is the symplectic quotient at any value of the moment map $ϕ$. In this paper, we generalize this result to other connected compact Lie group $G$ actions. We also prove that the above fundamental group is isomorphic to that of $M/G$. We briefly discuss the generalization of the first …
We construct a 6-manifold M which admits a smooth circle action and a symplectic form w such that if w' is another symplectic form on M equivalent to w, then (M,w') does not admit a symplectic circle action.
We present some examples of locally conformal symplectic structures of the first kind on compact nilmanifolds which do not admit Vaisman metrics. One of these examples does not admit locally conformal Kähler metrics and all the structures come from left-invariant locally conformal symplectic structures on the corresponding nilpotent Lie groups. Under certain topological restrictions related with the compactness of the canonical foliation, we prove a structure theorem for locally conformal symplectic manifolds of the first kind. In the non compact case, we show that they are the product of a re…
Let $(M,ω)$ be a ruled symplectic four-manifold. If $(M, ω)$ is rational, then every homologically trivial symplectic cyclic action on $(M,ω)$ is the restriction of a Hamiltonian circle action.
In this paper, we study Hamiltonian R-actions on symplectic orbifolds [M/S], where R and S are tori. We prove an injectivity theorem and generalize Tolman-Weitsman's proof of the GKM theorem in this setting. The main example is the symplectic reduction X//S of a Hamiltonian T-manifold X by a subtorus S of T. This includes the class of symplectic toric orbifolds. We define the equivariant Chen-Ruan cohomology ring and use the above results to establish a combinatorial method of computing this equivariant Chen-Ruan cohomology in terms of orbifold fixed point data.
Following the idea of Lusztig, Atiyah-Hirzebruch and Kosniowski, we note that the Dolbeault-type operators on compact, almost-complex manifolds are rigid. When the circle action has isolated fixed points, this rigidity result will produce many identities concerning the weights on the fixed points. In particular, it gives a criterion to detemine whether or not a symplectic circle action with isolated fixed points is Hamiltonian. As applications, we simplify the proofs of some known results related to symplectic circle actions, due to Godinho, Tolman-Weitsman and Pelayo-Tolman, and generalize so…
We give a complete characterization of Hamiltonian actions of compact Lie groups on exact symplectic manifolds with proper momentum maps. We deduce that every Hamiltonian action of a compact Lie group on a contractible symplectic manifold with a proper momentum map is globally linearizable.
Given a symplectic manifold, we ask in how many different ways can a torus act on it. Classification theorems in equivariant symplectic geometry can sometimes tell that two Hamiltonian torus actions are inequivalent, but often they do not tell whether the underlying symplectic manifolds are (non-equivariantly) symplectomorphic. For two dimensional torus actions on closed symplectic four-manifolds, we reduce the counting question to combinatorics, by expressing the manifold as a symplectic blowup in a way that is compatible with all the torus actions simultaneously. For this we use the theory o…
We present some methods to construct smooth circle actions on symplectic manifolds with non-symplectic fixed point sets or non-symplectic cyclic isotropy point sets. All such actions are not compatible with any symplectic form.
We construct smooth actions of arbitrary compact Lie groups on complex projective spaces, such that the corresponding transformations arising from the group action do not preserve any symplectic structure on the complex projective space.
Given a symplectic manifold $(M,ω)$ endowed with a proper Hamiltonian action of a Lie group $G$, we consider the action induced by a Lie subgroup $H$ of $G$. We propose a construction for two compatible Witt-Artin decompositions of the tangent space of $M$, one relative to the $G$-action and one relative to the $H$-action. In particular, we provide an explicit relation between the respective symplectic slices.
A generalized moment map is proposed for arbitrary symplectic actions of compact connected Lie groups on closed symplectic manifolds, in the spirit of the circle -valued maps introduced by D. McDuff in the case of non-Hamiltonian circle actions. We study equivariance properties of generalized moments, show that they allow reduction procedures, and obtain in the torus case a version of the Atiyah-Guillemin-Sternberg convexity theorem. As illustration, we reformulate a proof of M.K. Kim that "complexity one" symplectic torus actions are Hamiltonian, and give a symplectic proof of the finiteness …
Let $\text{Ham(M)}$ be the group of Hamiltonian symplectomorphisms of a quantizable, compact, symplectic manifold $(M,ω)$. We prove the existence of an action integral around loops in $\text{Ham(M)}$, and determine the value of this action integral on particular loops when the manifold is a coadjoint orbit.
Let $M$ be a closed Fano symplectic manifold with a semifree Hamiltonian circle action with isolated maximum. We compute the Gromov width and the Hofer-Zehnder capacity of $M$ using a moment map.
Let $(X,σ,J)$ be a compact Kähler Calabi-Yau manifold equipped with a symplectic circle action. By Frankel's theorem \cite{F}, the action on $X$ is non-Hamiltonian and $X$ does not have any fixed point. In this paper, we will show that a symplectic circle action on a compact non-Kähler symplectic Calabi-Yau manifold may have a fixed point. More precisely, we will show that the symplectic $S^1$-manifold constructed by D. McDuff \cite{McD} has the vanishing first Chern class. This manifold has the Betti numbers $b_1 = 3$, $b_2 = 8$, and $b_3 = 12$. In particular, it does not admit any Kähler str…
We construct an action selector on aspherical symplectic manifolds that are closed or convex. Such selectors have been constructed by Matthias Schwarz using Floer homology. The construction we present here is simpler and uses only Gromov compactness.
Let $(M,ω_M)$ be a six dimensional closed monotone symplectic manifold admitting an effective semifree Hamiltonian $S^1$-action. We show that if the minimal (or maximal) fixed component of the action is an isolated point, then $(M,ω_M)$ is $S^1$-equivariant symplectomorphic to some Kähler Fano manifold $(X,ω_X, J)$ with a certain holomorphic $\mathbb{C}^*$-action. We also give a complete list of all such Fano manifolds and describe all semifree $\mathbb{C}^*$-actions on them specifically.
The purpose of this article is to characterize symplectic and Hamiltonian circle actions on symplectic manifolds in terms of symplectic embeddings of Riemann surfaces. More precisely, we will show that (1) if $(M,ω)$ admits a Hamiltonian $S^1$-action, then there exists an $S^1$-invariant symplectic $2$-sphere $S$ in $(M,ω)$ such that $\langle c_1(M), [S] \rangle > 0$, and (2) if the action is non-Hamiltonian, then there exists an $S^1$-invariant symplectic $2$-torus $T$ in $(M,ω)$ such that $\langle c_1(M), [T] \rangle = 0$. As applications, we will give a very simple proof of the following we…
We show that recent results of Friedl-Vidussi and Chen imply that a symplectic manifold admits a fixed point free circle action if and only if it admits a symplectic circle action and we give a complete description of the symplectic cone in this case. This then completes the characterisation of symplectic 4-manifolds that admit non-trivial circle actions.
A manifold obtained by k simultaneous symplectic blow-ups of CP^2 of equal sizes epsilon (where the size of CP^1 \subset CP^2 is one) admits an effective two dimensional torus action if k <= 3 and admits an effective circle action if (k-1)epsilon < 1. We show that these bounds are sharp if 1/epsilon is an integer.
Lalonde and McDuff showed that the natural action of the rational homology of the group of Hamiltonian diffeomorphisms of a closed symplectic manifold $(M, ω)$ on the rational homology groups $H_*(M,{\mathbb Q})$ is trivial. In this note, given a symplectic action of SU(2), $ϕ:SU(2)\times M \to M$, we will construct a symplectic fiber bundle $P_ϕ\to {\mathbb CP}^2$ with fiber $(M,ω)$ and use it to construct the chains, which bound the images of the homology cycles under the trace map given by the SU(2)-action. It turns out that the natural chains bounded by the SU(2)-orbits in $M$ are puncture…
In this paper we define invariants of Hamiltonian group actions for central regular values of the moment map. The key hypotheses are that the moment map is proper and that the ambient manifold is symplectically aspherical. The invariants are based on the symplectic vortex equations. Applications include an existence theorem for relative periodic orbits, a computation for circle actions on a complex vector space, and a theorem about the relation between the invariants introduced here and the Seiberg--Witten invariants of a product of a Riemann surface with a two-sphere.
We consider the equivalence problem for symplectic and conformal symplectic group actions on submanifolds and functions of symplectic and contact linear spaces. This is solved by computing differential invariants via the Lie-Tresse theorem.
Let $M^4$ be a smooth compact manifold with a free circle action generated by a vector field $X.$ Then for any invariant symplectic form $ω$ on $M$ the contracted form $ι_X ω$ is nondegenerate. Using the map $ω--> ι_X ω$ and the related map to $H^1(M / S^1, R)$ we study the topology of the space $S_{inv}$ of invariant symplectic forms. In particular we give a description of $π_0 S_{inv}(M^4)$ in terms of the unit Thurston ball.
We give examples of symplectic actions of a cyclic group, inducing a trivial action on homology, on four-manifolds that admit Hamiltonian circle actions, and show that they do not extend to Hamiltonian circle actions. Our work applies holomorphic methods to extend combinatorial tools developed for circle actions to study cyclic actions.
The question of what conditions guarantee that a symplectic $S^1$ action is Hamiltonian has been studied for many years. In a 1998 paper, Sue Tolman and Jonathon Weitsman proved that if the action is semifree and has a non-empty set of isolated fixed points then the action is Hamiltonian. Furthermore, in a 2010 paper Cho, Hwang, and Suh proved in the 6-dimensional case that if we have $b_2^+=1$ at a reduced space at a regular level $λ$ of the circle valued moment map, then the action is Hamiltonian. In this paper, we will use this to prove that certain 6-dimensional symplectic actions which ar…
Let $M$ be a symplectic manifold, equipped with a semifree symplectic circle action with a finite, nonempty fixed point set. We show that the circle action must be Hamiltonian, and $M$ must have the equivariant cohomology and Chern classes of $(P^1)^n$.
We classify symplectic actions of 2-tori on compact, connected symplectic 4-manifolds, up to equivariant symplectomorphisms. This extends results of Atiyah, Guillemin-Sternberg, Delzant and Benoist. The classification is in terms of a collection of invariants, which are invariants of the topology of the manifold, of the torus action and of the symplectic form. We construct explicit models of such symplectic manifolds with torus actions, defined in terms of these invariants. We also classify, up to equivariant symplectomorphisms, symplectic actions of (2n-2)-dimensional tori on 2n-dimensional s…
Consider a symplectic circle action on a closed symplectic manifold with non-empty isolated fixed points. Associated to each fixed point, there are well-defined non-zero integers, called weights. We prove that the action is Hamiltonian if the sum of an odd number of weights is never equal to zero (the weights may be taken at different fixed points). Moreover, we show that if $\dim M=6$, or if $\dim M=2n \leq 10$ and each fixed point has weights $\{\pm a_1, \cdots, \pm a_n\}$ for some positive integers $a_i$, it is enough to consider the sum of three weights. As applications, we recover the res…
For symplectic group actions which are not Hamiltonian there are two ways to define reduction. Firstly using the cylinder-valued momentum map and secondly lifting the action to any Hamiltonian cover (such as the universal cover), and then performing symplectic reduction in the usual way. We show that provided the action is free and proper, and the Hamiltonian holonomy associated to the action is closed, the natural projection from the latter to the former is a symplectic cover. At the same time we give a classification of all Hamiltonian covers of a given symplectic group action. The main prop…
We develop differential and symplectic geometry of differentiable Deligne-Mumford stacks (orbifolds) including Hamiltonian group actions and symplectic reduction. As an application we construct new examples of symplectic toric DM stacks as symplectic quotients of C^NxBG, where G is a finite non-abelian group.
Hamiltonian symplectic actions of tori on compact symplectic manifolds have been extensively studied in the past thirty years, and a number of classifications have been achieved, for instance in the case that the acting torus is $n$-dimensional and the symplectic manifold is $2n$-dimensional. In this case the $n$-dimensional orbits are Lagrangian, so it is natural to wonder whether there are interesting classes of symplectic actions with Lagrangian orbits, and that are not Hamiltonian. It turns out that there are many such classes which contain for example the Kodaira variety, and which can be…
In this note we discuss symplectic lifts of actions for a complete Lagrangian fibration. Firstly, we describe the symplectic cotangent lifts of a G-action on a manifold Q in terms of 1-cocycles in the cohomology of G induced by the action with values in the space of closed 1-forms on Q. After this, we consider the general case of complete Lagrangian fibrations.
We complete the classification of Hamiltonian torus and circle actions on symplectic four-dimensional manifolds. Following work of Delzant and Karshon, Hamiltonian circle and 2-torus actions on any fixed simply connected symplectic four-manifold were characterized by Karshon, Kessler and Pinsonnault. What remains is to study the case of Hamiltonian actions on blowups of S^2-bundles over a Riemann surface of positive genus. These do not admit 2-torus actions. In this paper, we characterize Hamiltonian circle actions on them. We then derive combinatorial results on the existence and counting of …
We present a general framework for reduction of symplectic Q-manifolds via graded group actions. In this framework, the homological structure on the acting group is a multiplicative multivector field.
In this paper, we complete the classification of six-dimensional closed monotone symplectic manifolds admitting semifree Hamiltonian $S^1$-actions. We also show that every such manifold is $S^1$-equivariantly symplectomorphic to some Käahler Fano manifold with a certain holomorphic Hamiltonian circle action.
We prove that closed symplectic four-manifolds do not admit any smooth free circle actions with contractible orbits, without assuming that the actions preserve the symplectic forms. In higher dimensions such actions by symplectomorphisms do exist, and we give explicit examples based on a construction of Fernandez, Gray and Morgan. We also prove that the only compact complex surfaces admitting free circle actions with contractible orbits are primary Hopf surfaces.
We study Hamiltonian actions on $b$-symplectic manifolds with a focus on the effective case of half the dimension of the manifold. In particular, we prove a Delzant-type theorem that classifies these manifolds using polytopes that reside in a certain enlarged and decorated version of the dual of the Lie algebra of the torus.
This paper determines a condition that is necessary and sufficient for a metaplectic-c prequantizable symplectic manifold with an effective Hamiltonian torus action to admit an equivariant metaplectic-c prequantization. The condition is evaluated at a fixed point of the momentum map, and is shifted from the one that is known for equivariant prequantization line bundles. Given a metaplectic-c prequantized symplectic manifold with a Hamiltonian energy function, the author previously proposed a condition under which a regular value of the function should be considered a quantized energy level of …
