In this note, we will discuss what kind of operators between C*-algebras preserves Jordan triple products
{a,b,c}= (ab*c + cb*a)/2.
These include especially isometries and disjointness preserving operators.
We prove that every (not necessarily linear nor continuous) 2-local triple homomorphism from a JBW$^*$-triple into a JB$^*$-triple is linear and a triple homomorphism. Consequently, every 2-local triple homomorphism from a von Neumann algebra (respectively, from a JBW$^*$-algebra) into a C$^*$-algebra (respectively, into a JB$^*$-algebra) is linear and a triple homomorphism.
We characterize completely bounded normal Jordan $*$-homomorphisms acting on von Neumann algebras. We also characterize completely positive isometries acting on noncommutative $\mathrm{L}^p$-spaces.
Let $\mathcal{A}$ be a unital $C^{*}$-algebra. We consider Jordan $*$-homomorphisms on $C(X, \mathcal{A})$ and Jordan $*$-homomorphisms on $\operatorname{Lip}(X,\mathcal{A})$. More precisely, for any unital $C^{*}$-algebra $\mathcal{A}$, we prove that every Jordan $*$-homomorphism on $C(X, \mathcal{A})$ and every Jordan $*$-homomorphism on $\operatorname{Lip}(X,\mathcal{A})$ is represented as a weighted composition operator by using the irreducible representations of $\mathcal{A}$. In addition, when $\mathcal{A}_1$ and $\mathcal{A}_2$ are primitive $C^{*}$-algebras, we characterize the Jordan …
A linear map $ϕ:{\mathcal A}\to {\mathcal B} $ between (Banach) algebras is called 3-homomorphism if $ϕ(abc)=ϕ(a)ϕ(b)ϕ(c)$ for each $a, b, c \in {\mathcal A}$. We investigate 3-homomorphisms on Banach algebras with bounded approximate identities and establish in two ways that every involution preserving homomorphism between $C^*$-algebras is norm decreasing.
We prove that the vast majority of JC*-triples satisfy the condition of universal reversibility. Our characterisation is that a JC*-triple is universally reversible if and only if it has no triple homomorphisms onto Hilbert spaces of dimension greater than two nor onto spin factors of dimension greater than four. We establish corresponding characterisations in the cases of JW*-triples and of TROs (regarded as JC*-triples). We show that the distinct natural operator space structures on a universally reversible JC*-triple E are in bijective correspondence with a distinguished class of ideals in …
An n-homomorphism between algebras is a linear map $ϕ: A \to B$ such that $ϕ(a_1 ... a_n) = ϕ(a_1)... ϕ(a_n)$ for all elements $a_1, >..., a_n \in A.$ Every homomorphism is an n-homomorphism, for all n >= 2, but the converse is false, in general. Hejazian et al. [7] ask: Is every *-preserving n-homomorphism between C*-algebras continuous? We answer their question in the affirmative, but the even and odd n arguments are surprisingly disjoint. We then use these results to prove stronger ones: If n >2 is even, then $ϕ$ is just an ordinary *-homomorphism. If n >= 3 is odd, then $ϕ$ is a difference…
We survey the results on linear local and 2-local homomorphisms and zero products preserving operators between C$^*$-algebras, and we incorporate some new precise observations and results to prove that every bounded linear 2-local homomorphism between C$^*$-algebras is a homomorphism. Consequently, every linear 2-local $^*$-homomorphism between C$^*$-algebras is a $^*$-homomorphism.
We show that a bounded, linear map between C*-algebras is a weighted $\ast$-homomorphism (the central compression of a $\ast$-homomorphism) if and only if it preserves zero-products, range-orthogonality, and domain-orthogonality. It follows that a self-adjoint, bounded, linear map is a weighted $\ast$-homomorphism if and only if it preserves zero-products. As an application we show that a linear map between C*-algebras is completely positive, order zero in the sense of Winter-Zacharias if and only if it is positive and preserves zero-products.
We investigate conditions for the extendibility of continuous algebra homomorphisms $ϕ$ from the Fourier algebra $A(F)$ of a locally compact group $F$ to the Fourier-Stieltjes algebra $B(G)$ of a locally compact group $G$ to maps between the corresponding $L^\infty$ algebras which are weak* continuous. When $ϕ$ is completely bounded and $F$ is amenable, it is induced by a piecewise affine map $α: Y\to F$ where $Y\subseteq G$. We show that extendibility of $ϕ$ is equivalent to $α$ being an open map. We also study the dual problem for contractive homomorphisms $ϕ: L^1(F)\to M(G)$. We show that $…
Every homomorphism $φ: B(G) \rightarrow B(H)$ between Fourier-Stieltjes algebras on locally compact groups $G$ and $H$ is determined by a continuous mapping $α: Y \rightarrow Δ(B(G))$, where $Y$ is a set in the open coset ring of $H$ and $Δ(B(G))$ is the Gelfand spectrum of $B(G)$ (a $*$-semigroup). We exhibit a large collection of maps $α$ for which $φ=j_α: B(G) \rightarrow B(H)$ is a completely positive/completely contractive/completely bounded homomorphism and establish converse statements in several instances. For example, we fully characterize all completely positive/completely contractiv…
We introduce the Jordan-strict topology on the multipliers algebra of a JB$^*$-algebra, a notion which was missing despite the fourty years passed after the first studies on Jordan multipliers. In case that a C$^*$-algebra $A$ is regarded as a JB$^*$-algebra, the J-strict topology of $M(A)$ is precisely the well-studied C$^*$-strict topology. We prove that every JB$^*$-algebra $\mathfrak{A}$ is J-strict dense in its multipliers algebra $M(\mathfrak{A})$, and that latter algebra is J-strict complete. We show that continuous surjective Jordan homomorphisms, triple homomorphisms, and orthogonalit…
We prove that every weak-local derivation on a C$^*$-algebra is continuous, and the same conclusion remains valid for weak$^*$-local derivations on von Neumann algebras. We further show that weak-local derivations on C$^*$-algebras and weak$^*$-local derivations on von Neumann algebras are derivations. We also study the connections between bilocal derivations and bilocal $^*$-automorphism with our notions of extreme-strong-local derivations and automorphisms.
We study a pair of $C^*$-algebras by associating a $*$-homomorphism from $A$ to $B$ allowing an approximate left-inverse to the sequence algebra of $A$ in a manner reminiscent of several tracial approximation properties. We are particularly interested how regularity properties in the Elliott classification program pass from $B$ to $A$. Among them, we show that the strict comparison property and $\mathcal{Z}$-stability pass from $B$ to $A$ in our setting.
It is established that every (not necessarily linear) 2-local $^*$-homomorphism from a von Neumann algebra into a C$^*$-algebra is linear and a $^*$-homomorphism. In the setting of (not necessarily linear) 2-local $^*$-homomorphism from a compact C$^*$-algebra we prove that the same conclusion remains valid. We also prove that every 2-local Jordan $^*$-homomorphism from a JBW$^*$-algebra into a JB$^*$-algebra is linear and a Jordan $^*$-homomorphism.
We provide necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of idempotents of arbitrarily large norms in the Fourier algebra A(G) and the Fourier-Stieltjes algebra B(G) of a locally compact group G. We prove that the existence of idempotents of arbitrarily large norm in B(G) implies the existence of homomorphisms of arbitrarily large norm from A(H) into B(G) for every locally compact group H. A partial converse is also obtained: the existence of homomorphisms of arbitrarily large norm from A(H) into B(G) for some amenable locally compact group H implies the existence of idempotents of arb…
For locally compact groups G and H let A(G) denote the Fourier algebra of G and B(H) the Fourier-Stieltjes algebra of H. Any continuous piecewise affine map alpha:Y -> G (where Y is an element of the open coset ring of H) induces a completely bounded homomorphism Phi_alpha:A(G) -> B(H) by setting Phi_alpha u(.)=u(alpha(.)) on Y and Phi_alpha u=0 off of Y. We show that if G is amenable then any completely bounded homomorphism Phi:A(G) -> B(H) is of this form; and this theorem fails if G contains a discrete nonabelian free group. Our result generalises results of P.J. Cohen, B. Host and of the f…
We consider contractive homomorphisms of a planar algebra ${\mathcal A}(Ω)$ over a finitely connected bounded domain $Ω\subseteq \C$ and ask if they are necessarily completely contractive. We show that a homomorphism $ρ:{\mathcal A}(Ω) \to {\mathcal B}(\mathcal H)$ for which $\dim({\mathcal A}(Ω)/\ker ρ) = 2$ is the direct integral of homomorphisms $ρ_T$ induced by operators on two dimensional Hilbert spaces via a suitable functional calculus $ρ_T: f \mapsto f(T), f\in {\mathcal A}(Ω)$. It is well-known that contractive homomorphisms $ρ_T$, induced by a linear transformation $T:\C^2 \to \C^2$ …
We give a complete description of homomorphisms between two Banach algebras of Lipschitz functions with values in continuous functions. We also characterize the compactness of those homomorphisms.
In this paper we find some necessary and sufficient conditions for a Banach algebra to be amenable or weakly amenable, by applying the homomorphisms on Banach algebras.
We prove that if $ρ: A(H) \to B(G)$ is a homomorphism between the Fourier algebra of a locally compact group $H$ and the Fourier-Stieltjes algebra of a locally compact group $G$ induced by a mixed piecewise affine map $α: G \to H$, then $ρ$ extends to a w*-w* continuous map between the corresponding $L^\infty$ algebras if and only if $α$ is an open map. Using techniques from TRO equivalence of masa bimodules we prove various transference results: We show that when $α$ is a group homomorphism which pushes forward the Haar measure of $G$ to a measure absolutely continuous with respect to the Haa…
In this article poles, isolated spectral points, group, Drazin and Koliha-Drazin invertible elements in the context of quotient Banach algebras or in ranges of (not necessarily continuous) homomorphism between complex unital Banach algebras will be characterized using Fredholm and Riesz Banach algebra elements. Calkin algebras on Banach and Hilbert spaces will be also considered.
Let $X$ be a complex Banach space. The connection between algebra homomorphisms defined on subalgebras of the Banach algebra $\ell^{1}(\mathbb{N}_0)$ and the algebraic structure of Cesàro sums of a linear operator $T\in \mathcal{B}(X)$ is established. In particular, we show that every $(C, α)$-bounded operator $T$ induces - and is in fact characterized - by such an algebra homomorphism. Our method is based on some sequence kernels, Weyl fractional difference calculus and convolution Banach algebras that are introduced and deeply examined. To illustrate our results, improvements to bounds for A…
In this note we consider compact homomorphisms and endomorphisms between various Dales-Davie algebras. In particular, we obtain fairly complete results when the underlying set is the disc or the unit circle. Comparable results when the underlying set is the unit interval, and some related results for general perfect, compact plane sets, have been proven in our previous papers.
We give a description of the continuity ideals and the kernels of homomorphisms from the algebras of continuous functions on locally compact spaces into Banach algebras.
Inspired by Kalton and Wood's work on group algebras, we describe almost completely contractive algebra homomorphisms from Fourier algebras into Fourier-Stieltjes algebras (endowed with their canonical operator space structure). We also prove that two locally compact groups are isomorphic if and only if there exists an algebra isomorphism $T$ between the associated Fourier algebras (resp. Fourier-Stieltjes algebras) with completely bounded norm $\| T \|_{cb} < \sqrt {3/2}$ (resp. $ \| T \|_{cb} < \sqrt {5}/2$). We show similar results involving the norm distortion $\| T \| \| T ^{-1} \|$ with …
It is shown that every continuous homomorphism of Arens-Michael algebras can be obtained as the limit of a morphism of certain projective systems consisting of Fréchet algebras. Based on this we prove that a complemented subalgebra of an uncountable product of Fréchet algebras is topologically isomorphic to the product of Fréchet algebras. These results are used to characterize injective objects of the category of locally convex topological vector spaces. Dually, it is shown that a complemented subspace of an uncountable direct sum of Banach spaces is topologically isomorphic to the direct sum…
Let $A$ be a Banach algebra and $X$ be a Banach $A$-bimodule. We introduce and study the notions of $n$-multipliers and approximate local $n$-multipliers by generalizing the classical concept of multipliers from $A$ into $X$. As an algebraic result, we construct a Banach algebra consisting of $n$-multipliers on $A$ and under some mild conditions, we give a nice relation of this algebra with $n$-homomorphisms from $A$ into $\mathbb{C}$.
In this paper, we follow two main goals. In the first attempt, we give some functorial properties of the $p$-analog of the Fourier-Stieltjes algebras in which we generalize some previously existed definitions and theorems in Arsac and Cowling's works, to utilize them to prove $p$-complete boundedness of some well-known maps on these algebras. In the second part, as an application of these generalizations, we prove $p$-completely boundedness of homomorphisms which are induced by continuous and proper piecewise affine maps that is a generalization of Ilie's work on Figà-Talamanca-Herz algebras.
We introduce and study "norm-multiplicative" homomorphisms $φ: {\cal L}^1(F) \rightarrow {\cal M}_r(G)$ between group and measure algebras, and $φ: {\cal L}^1(ω_F) \rightarrow {\cal M}(ω_G)$ between Beurling group and measure algebras, where $F$ and $G$ are locally compact groups with continuous weights $ω_F$ and $ω_G$. Through a unified approach we recover, and sometimes strengthen, many of the main known results concerning homomorphisms and isomorphisms between these (Beurling) group and measure algebras. We provide a first description of all positive homomorphisms $φ: {\cal L}^1(F) \rightar…
We study automatic injectivity of surjective algebra homomorphisms from $\mathscr{B}(X)$, the algebra of (bounded, linear) operators on $X$, to $\mathscr{B}(Y)$, where $X$ is one of the following \emph{long} sequence spaces: $c_0(λ)$, $\ell_{\infty}^c(λ)$, and $\ell_p(λ)$ ($1 \leqslant p < \infty$) and $Y$ is arbitrary. \textit{En route} to the proof that these spaces do indeed enjoy such a property, we classify two-sided ideals of the algebra of operators of any of the aforementioned Banach spaces that are closed with respect to the `sequential strong operator topology'.
A surjective bounded homomorphism fails to preserve $n$-weak amenability, in general. We however show that it preserves the property if the involved homomorphism enjoys a right inverse. We examine this fact for certain homomorphisms on several Banach algebras.
Several papers have, as their raison d'etre, the exploration of the \emph{generalized Lau product} associated to a homomorphism $T:B\to A$ of Banach algebras. In this short note, we demonstrate that the generalized Lau product is isomorphic as a Banach algebra to the usual direct product $A\oplus B$. We also correct some misleading claims made about the relationship between this generalized Lau product, and an older construction of Monfared (Studia Mathematica, 2007).
We study the vector-valued spectrum $\mathcal{M}_{u,\infty}(B_{\ell_2},B_{\ell_2})$ which is the set of nonzero algebra homomorphisms from $\mathcal{A}_u(B_{\ell_2})$ (the algebra of uniformly continuous holomorphic functions on $B_{\ell_2}$) to $\mathcal {H}^\infty(B_{\ell_2})$ (the algebra of bounded holomorphic functions on $B_{\ell_2}$). This set is naturally projected onto the closed unit ball of $\mathcal {H}^\infty(B_{\ell_2}, \ell_2)$ giving rise to an associated fibering. Extending the classical notion of cluster sets introduced by I. J. Schark (1961) to the vector-valued spectrum we …
We study homomorphisms on the algebra of analytic functions of bounded type on a Banach space. When the domain space lacks symmetric regularity, we show that in every fiber of the spectrum there are evaluations (in higher duals) which do not coincide with evaluations in the second dual. We also consider the commutativity of convolutions between evaluations. We show that in some Banach spaces $X$ (for example, $X=\ell_1$) the only evaluations that commute with every other evaluation in $X''$ are those in $X$. Finally, we establish conditions ensuring the symmetry of the canonical extension of a…
The paper describes homomorphisms between Douglas algebras and some semisimple Banach algebras. The main tool is a result on the structure of the space $C(Z,\mathfrak M)$ of continuous mappings from a connected first-countable $T_1$ space $Z$ to the maximal ideal space $\mathfrak M$ of the algebra $H^\infty$ of bounded holomorphic functions on the unit disk $\mathbb D\subset\mathbb C$. In particular, it is shown that the space of continuous mappings from $Z$ to $\mathbb D$ is dense in the topology of pointwise convergence in $C(Z,\mathfrak M)$ and the homotopy groups of $\mathfrak M$ are trivi…
In this article, we give a representation of bounded complex linear operators which preserve idempotent elements on the Fourier algebra of a locally compact group. When such an operator is moreover positive or contractive, we show that the operator is induced by either a continuous group homomorphism or a continuous group anti-homomorphism. If the groups are totally disconnected, bounded homomorphisms on the Fourier algebra can be realised by the idempotent preserving operators.
Let $A(G)$ and $B(H)$ be the Fourier and Fourier-Stieltjes algebras of locally compact groups $G$ and $H$, respectively. Ilie and Spronk have shown that continuous piecewise affine maps $α: Y \subseteq H\rightarrow G$ induce completely bounded homomorphisms $Φ:A(G)\rightarrow B(H)$, and that when $G$ is amenable, every completely bounded homomorphism arises in this way. This generalised work of Cohen in the abelian setting. We believe that there is a gap in a key lemma of the existing argument, which we do not see how to repair. We present here a different strategy to show the result, which in…