Charles P. Boyer, Krzysztof Galicki
This paper is based on a talk presented by the first author at the Short Program on Riemannian Geometry that took place at the Centre de Recherche Mathématiques, Université de Montréal, during the period June 28-July 16, 2004. It is a report on our joint work with János Kollár concerning the existence of an abundance of Einstein metrics on odd dimensional spheres, including exotic spheres.
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In this paper we demonstrate the existence of Sasakian-Einstein structures on certain 2-connected rational homology 7-spheres. These appear to be the first non-regular examples of Sasakian-Einstein metrics on simply connected rational homology spheres. We also briefly describe the rational homology 7-spheres that admit regular positive Sasakian structures.
We show that on a Sasakian 3-sphere the Sasaki-Ricci flow initiating from a Sasakian metric of positive transverse scalar curvature converges to a gradient Sasaki- Ricci soliton. We also show the existence and uniqueness of gradient Sasaki-Ricci soliton on each Sasakian 3-sphere.
The aim of this paper is to study Sasakian immersions of compact Sasakian manifolds into the odd-dimensional sphere equipped with the standard Sasakian structure. We obtain a complete classification of such manifolds in the Einstein and $η$-Einstein cases when the codimension of the immersion is $4$. Moreover, we exhibit infinite families of compact Sasakian $η$--Einstein manifolds which cannot admit a Sasakian immersion into any odd-dimensional sphere. Finally, we show that, after possibly performing a ${\mathcal {D}}$-homothetic deformation, a homogeneous Sasakian manifold can be Sasakian im…
The aim of this paper is to study Sasakian immersions of (non-compact) complete regular Sasakian manifolds into the Heisenberg group and into $ \mathbb{B}^N\times \mathbb{R}$ equipped with their standard Sasakian structures. We obtain a complete classification of such manifolds in the $η$-Einstein case.
In this paper, we show that the existence of Sasakian-Einstein metrics is closely related to the properness of corresponding energy functionals. Under the condition that admitting no nontrivial Hamiltonian holomorphic vector field, we prove that the existence of Sasakian-Einstein metric implies a Moser-Trudinger type inequality. At the end of this paper, we also obtain a Miyaoka-Yau type inequality in Sasakian geometry.
The purpose of this note is to introduce a new method for proving the existence of Sasakian-Einstein metrics on certain simply connected odd dimensional manifolds. We then apply this method to prove the existence of new Sasakian-Einstein metrics on $\scriptstyle{S^2\times S^3}$ and on $\scriptstyle{(S^2\times S^3)# (S^2\times S^3).}$ These give the first known examples of non-regular Sasakian-Einstein 5-manifolds. Our method involves describing the Sasakian-Einstein structures as links of certain isolated hypersurface singularities, and makes use of the recent work of Demailly and Kollár, AG/9…
We extend a result of Patodi for closed Riemannian manifolds to the context of closed contact manifolds by showing the condition that a manifold is an $η$-Einstein Sasakian manifold is spectrally determined. We also prove that the condition that a Sasakian space form has constant $ϕ$-sectional curvature $c$ is spectrally determined.
We present a non existence result of complete, Einstein hypersurfaces tangent to the Reeb vector field of a regular Sasakian manifold which fibers onto a complex Stein manifold.
We discuss the Sasakian geometry of odd dimensional homotopy spheres. In particular, we give a completely new proof of the existence of metrics of positive Ricci curvature on exotic spheres that can be realized as the boundary of a parallelizable manifold. Furthermore, it is shown that on such homotopy spheres $\scriptstyle{Σ^{2n+1}}$ the moduli space of Sasakian structures has infinitely many positive components determined by inequivalent underlying contact structures. We also prove the existence of Sasakian metrics with positive Ricci curvature on each of the known $\scriptstyle{2^{2m}}$ dis…
All invariant contact metric structures on tangent sphere bundles of compact rank-one symmetric spaces
本文完整分类了紧秩一对称空间切球丛上的所有不变切触度量结构，证明仅复射影空间情形存在3-Sasakian度量，并给出球面与实射影空间上唯一的Einstein切触度量，同时将这些结构延拓到穿孔切丛上的相应近Kähler、Kähler及hyperKähler结构。
We review our study of Sasakian geometry as an agent for proving the existence of Einstein metrics on odd dimensional manifolds. Particular emphasis is given to the Sasakian structures occuring on links of isolated hypersurface singularities.
On simply connected five manifolds Sasakian-Einstein metrics coincide with Riemannian metrics admitting real Killing spinors which are of great interest as models of near horizon geometry for three-brane solutions in superstring theory [KW]. We expand on the recent work of Demailly and Kollár [DK] and Johnson and Kollár [JK1] who give methods for constructing Kähler-Einstein metrics on log del Pezzo surfaces. By [BG1] circle V-bundles over log del Pezzo surfaces with Kähler-Einstein metrics have Sasakian-Einstein metrics on the total space of the bundle. Here these simply connected 5-manifolds…
A positive answer is given to the existence of Sasakian structures on the tangent sphere bundle of some Riemannian manifold whose sectional curvature is not constant. Among other results, it is proved that the tangent sphere bundle Tr(G/K), for any r > 0, of a compact rank-one symmetric space G/K, not necessarily of constant sectional curvature, admits a unique K-contact structure whose characteristic vector field is the standard field of T(G/K). Such a structure is in fact Sasakian and it can be expressed as an induced structure from an almost Hermitian structure on the punctured tangent bund…
We discuss Sasakian-Einstein geometry under a quasi-regularity assumption. It is shown that the space of all quasi-regular Sasakian-Einstein orbifolds has a natural multiplication on it. Furthermore, necessary and sufficient conditions are given for the `product' of two Sasakian-Einstein manifolds to be a smooth Sasakian-Einstein manifold. Using spectral sequence arguments we work out the cohomology ring in many cases of interest. This type of geometry has recently become of interest in the physics of supersymmetric conformal field theories.
We show that $\scriptstyle{#9(S^2\times S^3)}$ admits an 8-dimensional complex family of inequivalent non-regular Sasakian-Einstein structures. These are the first known Einstein metrics on this 5-manifold. In particular, the bound $\scriptstyle{b_2(M)\leq8}$ which holds for any regular Sasakian-Einstein $\scriptstyle{M}$ does not apply to the non-regular case. We also discuss the failure of the Hitchin-Thorpe inequality in the case of 4-orbifolds and describe the orbifold version.
We consider some natural infinitesimal Einstein deformations on Sasakian and 3-Sasakian manifolds. Some of these are infinitesimal deformations of Killing spinors and further some integrate to actual Killing spinor deformations. In particular, on 3-Sasakian 7 manifolds these yield infinitesimal Einstein deformations preserving 2, 1, or none of the 3 independent Killing spinors. Toric 3-Sasakian manifolds provide non-trivial examples with integrable deformation preserving precisely 2 Killing spinors. Thus the dimension of Killing spinors is not preserved under Einstein deformations but is only …
$η$-Einstein Sasakian Lie algebras
该研究针对李代数上的$η$-Einstein Sasakian结构，分中心非平凡与无中心两类情形展开分析，给出相关刻画与构造方法，得到存在性限制条件并构建新实例。
Any Sasakian structure is approximated by embeddings into spheres
本文证明闭流形上任意Sasakian结构可由CR嵌入加权Sasakian球面诱导的结构在$C^q$-范数下逼近，并加强了orbifold Kähler形式的射影诱导逼近。
The present paper is to deliberate the class of $3$-dimensional trans-Sasakian manifolds which admits $η$-Einstein solitons. We have studied $η$-Einstein solitons on $3$-dimensional trans-Sasakian manifolds where the Ricci tensors are Codazzi type and cyclic parallel. We have also discussed some curvature conditions admitting $η$-Einstein solitons on $3$-dimensional trans-Sasakian manifolds and the vector field is torse-forming. We have also shown an example of $3$-dimensional trans-Sasakian manifold with respect to $η$-Einstein soliton to verify our results.
The orthogonal decomposition of the Webster curvature provides us a way to characterize some canonical metrics on a pseudo-Hermitian manifold. We derive some subelliptic differential inequalities from the Weitzenböck formulas for the traceless pseudo-Hermitian Ricci tensor and the Chern-Moser tensor of Sasakian manifolds with constant pseudo-Hermitian scalar curvature and Sasakian pseudo-Einstein manifolds respectively. By means of either subelliptic estimates or maximum principle, some rigidity theorems are established to characterize Sasakian pseudo-Einstein manifolds among Sasakian manifold…
Complete gradient Einstein-type Sasakian manifolds with $α=0$
本文研究了α=0时完备梯度爱因斯坦型萨克良流形的性质，证明其为平凡或等距于单位球面
Einstein like $(\varepsilon)$-para Sasakian manifolds are introduced. For an $(\varepsilon) $-para Sasakian manifold to be Einstein like, a necessary and sufficient condition in terms of its curvature tensor is obtained. The scalar curvature of an Einstein like $(\varepsilon) $-para Sasakian manifold is obtained and it is shown that the scalar curvature in this case must satisfy certain differential equation. A necessary and sufficient condition for an $(\varepsilon) $-almost paracontact metric hypersurface of an indefinite locally Riemannian product manifold to be $(\varepsilon) $-para Sasaki…
We construct stationary solutions to the Einstein-Maxwell-current system by using the Sasakian manifold for the three-dimensional space. Both the magnetic field and the electric current in the solution are specified by the contact form of the Sasakian manifold. The solutions contain an arbitrary function that describes inhomogeneity of the number density of the charged particles, and the function determines the curvature of the space.
We study eta-Einstein geometry as a class of distinguished Riemannian metrics on contact metric manifolds. In particular, we use a previous solution of the Calabi problem for Sasakian geometry to prove the existence of eta-Einstein structures on many different compact manifolds, including exotic spheres. We also relate these results to the existence of Einstein-Weyl structures.
The theory of ambient spaces is useful to define CR invariant objects, such as CR invariant powers of the sub-Laplacian, the $P$-prime operators, and $Q$-prime curvature. However in general, it is difficult to write down these objects in terms of the Tanaka-Webster connection. In this paper, we give those explicit formulas for CR manifolds satisfying an Einstein condition, called Sasakian $η$-Einstein manifolds. As an application, we study properties of the first and the second variation of the total $Q$-prime curvature at Sasakian $η$-Einstein manifolds.
In this paper, we introduce the trans-para-Sasakian manifolds and we study their geometry. These manifolds are an analogue of the trans-Sasakian manifolds in the Riemannian geometry. We shall investigate many curvature properties of these manifolds and we shall give many conditions under which the manifolds are either $η-$Einstein or Einstein manifolds.
We present new steady Euler solutions on the (round) 3-sphere, that bifurcate from an ansatz proposed by Khesin, Kuksin and Peralta-Salas, showing that these previously known solutions are not isolated. We also extend this ansatz to any Sasakian 3-manifold, such as the Heisenberg group and $SL(2, \mathbb{R})$.
Let $(g,X)$ be a Sasaki-Ricci soliton on a Sasakian manifold $S$. We prove that if $(S,g)$ admits a local Sasakian immersion in a Sasakian space form $S(N,c)$ of constant $ϕ$-sectional curvature $c$, then $S$ is $η$-Einstein and its $η$-Einstein constants are rational. Moreover, if $c\leq -3$, $S$ is locally equivalent to the Sasakian space form $S(n,c)$ and its $η$-Einstein constants are determined by $c$. Further results are obtained in the compact setting, i.e. when $c>-3$, under additional hypotheses.
Formulae of some global CR invariants for Sasakian $η$-Einstein manifolds
针对Sasakian $η$-Einstein流形，利用丸亀的重整化特征形式给出Burns-Epstein不变量及整体CR不变量的显式公式，并证明后者代数独立。
We construct symplectic and Kähler ray reduced spaces and discuss their relation with the Marsden-Weinstein (point) reduction. This Kähler reduction is well defined even when the momentum value is not totally isotropic. The compatibility of the ray reduction with the cone construction and the Boothby-Wang fibration is presented. Using the compatibility with the cone construction we provide the exact description of ray quotients of cotangent bundles. Some applications of the ray reduction to the study of conformal Hamiltonian systems are described. We also give necessary and sufficient conditio…
We classify the biharmonic Legendre curves in a Sasakian space form, and obtain their explicit parametric equations in the $(2n+1)$-dimensional unit sphere endowed with the canonical and deformed Sasakian structures defined by Tanno. Then, composing with the flow of the Reeb vector field, we transform a biharmonic integral submanifold into a biharmonic anti-invariant submanifold. Using this method we obtain new examples of biharmonic submanifolds in spheres and, in particular, in $\mathbb{S}^{7}$.
Quasi-Einstein shearfree spacetimes lifted from Sasakian manifolds
本文证明光滑Sasakian流形可提升为Petrov II型或D型的四维拟爱因斯坦无剪切时空，并推广到具有非零爱因斯坦常数的Kähler-Einstein底层流形情形。
We show that a Sasakian metric which also satisfies the gradient Ricci soliton equation is necessarily Einstein.
We carry on a systematic study of nearly Sasakian manifolds. We prove that any nearly Sasakian manifold admits two types of integrable distributions with totally geodesic leaves which are, respectively, Sasakian or $5$-dimensional nearly Sasakian manifolds. As a consequence, any nearly Sasakian manifold is a contact manifold. Focusing on the $5$-dimensional case, we prove that there exists a one-to-one correspondence between nearly Sasakian structures and a special class of nearly hypo $SU(2)$-structures. By deforming such a $SU(2)$-structure one obtains in fact a Sasaki-Einstein structure. Fu…
In a recent article the first three authors proved that in dimension $4m+1$ all homotopy spheres that bound parallelizable manifolds admit Einstein metrics of positive scalar curvature which, in fact, are Sasakian-Einstein. They also conjectured that all such homotopy spheres in dimension $4m-1, m\geq2$ admit Sasakian-Einstein metrics \cite{BGK}, and proved this for the simplest case, namely dimension $7.$ In this paper we describe computer programs that show that this conjecture is also true for 11-spheres and 15-spheres. Moreover, a program is given that determines the partition of the 8610 …
It is well known that a unit sphere admits Sasakian 3-structure. Also, Sasakian manifolds are locally isometric to a unit sphere under several curvature and critical conditions. So, a natural question is: Does there exist any curvature or critical condition under which a Sasakian 3-manifold represents a geometrical object other than the unit sphere? In this regard, as an extension of the $\ast$-Ricci soliton, the notion of $\ast$-Ricci-Yamabe soliton is introduced and studied on two classes contact metric manifolds. A $(2n + 1)$-dimensional non-Sasakian $N(k)$-contact metric manifold admitting…
On the classificarion of 3-dimensional spherical Sasakian manifolds
本文通过建立三组参数之间的对应关系，对三维球面Sasakian流形中的刚性球面进行分类，描述其模空间与自同构群，并识别出其中的齐性Sasakian流形。
It is an interesting question whether a given equation of motion has a periodic solution or not, and in the positive case to describe them. We investigate periodic magnetic curves in elliptic Sasakian space forms and we obtain a quantization principle for periodic magnetic flowlines on Berger spheres. We give a criterion for periodicity of magnetic curves on the unit sphere ${\mathbb{S}}^3$.
Let $S$ be a compact Sasakian manifold which does not admit non-trivial Hamiltonian holomorphic vector fields. If there exists an Einstein-Sasakian metric on $S$, then it is unique.
Approximation of Regular Sasakian Manifolds
本文研究用标准球面中的 CR 浸入逼近正则 Sasakian 结构，证明了紧致情形总是可行，并给出非紧致 η-Einstein 流形在无穷维球面中的逼近结果及若干例子。
Exact solutions to an Einstein-Maxwell(E-D-M) system with an electric current are simple models of global cosmic magnetic phenomena in the universe. In this paper, we consider an E-D-M system with two chiral spinors $ ψ^\pm$ coupled with a gauge field $ A$ and an electromagnetic field $F=dA$. We construct a family of exact solutions to the E-D-M system on four-dimensional static Sasakian spacetimes. The electromagnetic field in the solutions is a contact magnetic field, and the chiral spinors are induced from Sasakian quasi-Killing spinors. We find closed universe models whose weak energy cond…
The Newman-Penrose-Perjes formalism is applied to Sasakian 3-manifolds and the local form of the metric and contact structure is presented. The local moduli space can be parameterised by a single function of two variables and it is shown that, given any smooth function of two variables, there exists locally a Sasakian structure with scalar curvature equal to this function. The case where the scalar curvature is constant ($η$-Einstein Sasakian metrics) is completely solved locally. The resulting Sasakian manifolds include $S^3$, $Nil$ and $\tilde{SL_2R}$, as well as the Berger spheres. It is al…
We prove the following results: (i) A Sasakian metric as a non-trivial Ricci soliton is null $η$-Einstein, and expanding. Such a characterization permits to identify the Sasakian metric on the Heisenberg group $\mathcal{H}^{2n+1}$ as an explicit example of (non-trivial) Ricci soliton of such type. (ii) If an $η$-Einstein contact metric manifold $M$ has a vector field $V$ leaving the structure tensor and the scalar curvature invariant, then either $V$ is an infinitesimal automorphism, or $M$ is $D$-homothetically fixed $K$-contact.
Sasakian Geometry on Sphere Bundles II: Constant Scalar Curvature
本文在球丛上继续研究佐佐木几何，利用最近的存在性定理证明在特定条件下佐佐木锥中总存在常数量曲率佐佐木度量，并明确给出 5 维和 7 维球丛的构造。
A 3-Sasakian structure on a 7-manifold may be used to define two distinct Einstein metrics: the 3-Sasakian metric and the squashed Einstein metric. Both metrics are induced by nearly parallel $G_2$-structures which may also be expressed in terms of the 3-Sasakian structure. Just as Einstein metrics are critical points for the Ricci flow up to rescaling, nearly parallel $G_2$-structures provide natural critical points of the (rescaled) geometric flows of $G_2$-structures known as the Laplacian flow and Laplacian coflow. We study each of these flows in the 3-Sasakian setting and see that their b…
Using the Sasakian join construction with homology 3-spheres, we give a countably infinite number of examples of Sasakian manifolds with perfect fundamental group in all odd dimensions greater than 1. These have extremal Sasaki metrics with constant scalar curvature. Moreover, we present further examples of both Sasaki-Einstein and Sasaki-$η$-Einstein metrics.
In this paper, based on the classical K. Yano's formula, we first establish an optimal integral inequality for compact Lagrangian submanifolds in the complex space forms, which involves the Ricci curvature in the direction $J\vec{H}$ and the norm of the covariant differentiation of the second fundamental form $h$, where $J$ is the almost complex structure and $\vec{H}$ is the mean curvature vector field. Second and analogously, for compact Legendrian submanifolds in the Sasakian space forms with Sasakian structure $(φ,ξ,η,g)$, we also establish an optimal integral inequality involving the Ricc…
We extend the link between Einstein Sasakian manifolds and Killing spinors to a class of $η$-Einstein Sasakian manifolds, both in Riemannian and Lorentzian settings, characterising them in terms of generalised Killing spinors. We propose a definition of supersymmetric M-theory backgrounds on such a geometry and find a new class of such backgrounds, extending previous work of Haupt, Lukas and Stelle.
In this paper, we initiate the study of conformal $η$-Ricci soliton and almost conformal $η$-Ricci soliton within the framework of para-Sasakian manifold. We prove that if para-Sasakian metric admits conformal $η$-Ricci soliton, then the manifold is $η$-Einstein and either the soliton vector field $V$ is Killing or it leaves $ϕ$ invariant. Here, we have shown the characteristics of the soliton vector field $V$ and scalar curvature when the manifold admitting conformal $η$-Ricci soliton and vector field is pointwise collinear with the characteristic vector field $ξ$. Next, we show that a para-S…
Generalized Sasaki-Einstein metric twisted with Weil-Petersson metric
本文针对基本第一陈类不确定的Sasaki流形，利用Fujino极小模型纲领，提出在其典范模型上构造典范度量的方案。
We show that #8(S^2 times S^3) admits two 8-dimensional complex families of inequivalent non-regular Sasakian-Einstein structures. These are the first known non-regular Sasakian-Einstein metrics on this 5-manifold.
On the existence of conic Sasaki-Einstein metrics on log Fano Sasakian manifolds of dimension five
本文研究五维紧对数法诺Sasaki流形上的锥形Sasaki-Ricci流，得到曲率一致界，证明流的解收敛到奇异轨形孤立子，并在横向对数K-多稳定条件下得到锥形Sasaki-Einstein度量的存在性。
We prove that any non-Sasakian contact metric (κ,μ)-space admits a canonical η-Einstein Sasakian or η-Einstein paraSasakian metric. An explicit expression for the curvature tensor fields of those metrics is given and we find the values of κand μfor which such metrics are Sasaki-Einstein and paraSasaki-Einstein. Conversely, we prove that, under some natural assumptions, a K-contact or K-paracontact manifold foliated by two mutually orthogonal, totally geodesic Legendre foliations admits a contact metric (κ,μ)-structure. Furthermore, we apply the above results to the geometry of tangent sphere b…
In this paper we study a special type of metric called *-Ricci soliton on para-Sasakian manifold. We prove that if the para-Sasakian metric is a *-Ricci soliton on a manifold M, then M is either D-homothetic to an Einstein manifold, or the Ricci tensor of M with respect to the canonical paracontact connection vanishes.
The question of whether a Sasakian metric can admit an additional compatible (K-)contact structure is addressed. In the complete case if the second structure is also assumed Sasakian, works of Tachibana-Yu and Tanno show that the manifold must be 3-Sasakian or an odd dimensional sphere with constant curvature. Some extensions of this result are obtained, mainly in dimensions 3 and 5.
Let $X_0$ be an affine variety with only normal isolated singularity $p$ and $π: X\to X_0$ a smooth resolution of the singularity with trivial canonical line bundle $K_X$. If the complement of the affine variety $X_0\backslash\{p\}$ is the cone $C(S)=\Bbb R_{>0}\times S$ of an Einstein-Sasakian manifold $S$, we shall prove that the crepant resolution $X$ of $X_0$ admits a complete Ricci-flat Kähler metric in every Kähler class in $H^2(X)$. We apply the continuity method for solving the Monge-Ampère equation to obtain a relevant existence theorem and a uniqueness theorem of Ricci-flat conical K…
The purpose of this paper is to study the Sasakian geometry on odd dimensional sphere bundles over a smooth projective algebraic variety $N$ with the ultimate, but probably unachievable goal of understanding the existence and non-existence of extremal and constant scalar curvature Sasaki metrics. We apply the fiber join construction of Yamazaki \cite{Yam99} for K-contact manifolds to the Sasaki case. This construction depends on the choice of $d+1$ integral Kähler classes $[ω_j]$ on $N$ that are not necessarily colinear in the Kähler cone. We show that the colinear case is equivalent to a subc…
Transversely Kähler almost contact metric Lie algebras
研究横向凯勒几乎接触度量李代数的结构，分类最大秩的η-爱因斯坦横向凯勒结构，探讨其与准萨克西安和反准萨克西安李代数的关系。
In this paper we deal with two classes of mixed metric 3-structures, namely the mixed 3-Sasakian structures and the mixed metric 3-contact structures. Firstly we study some properties of the curvature of mixed 3-Sasakian structures, proving that any manifold endowed with such a structure is Einstein. Then we prove the identity between the class of mixed 3-Sasakian structures and the class of mixed metric 3-contact structures.
Legendrian mean curvature flow in $η$-Einstein Sasakian manifolds
本文依据 Thomas-Yau 猜想，在适当稳定性条件下研究高维 $η$-Einstein Sasakian 流形中 Legendrian 平均曲率流的长时间存在性与渐近收敛。
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