This is an overview article on finite-dimensional algebras and quivers, written for the Encyclopedia of Mathematical Physics. We cover path algebras, Ringel-Hall algebras and the quiver varieties of Lusztig and Nakajima.
For a finite dimensional algebra $R$, we give an explicit description of quivers with relations of block extension of $R$. As an application, we describe quivers with relations of Harada algebras by using those of the corresponding quasi-Frobenius algebras.
We study the connection between two combinatorial notions associated to a quiver: the quiver algebra and the path coalgebra. We show that the quiver coalgebra can be recovered from the quiver algebra as a certain type of finite dual, and we show precisely when the path coalgebra is the classical finite dual of the quiver algebra, and when all finite dimensional quiver representations arise as comodules over the path coalgebra. We discuss when the quiver algebra can be recovered as the rational part of the dual of the path coalgebra. Similar results are obtained for incidence (co)algebras. We a…
In this paper, we introduce multi-layer quiver and show how to construct an $(n+1)$-slice algebras of infinite type from an $n$-slice algebra of infinite type using the bound quivers. This leads to constructing $(n+1)$-slice algebras of infinite type as matrix algebra and as tensor algebra of an $n$-slice algebra and equivalences of their module categories as the module categories of diagram of some quiver of type $\widetilde{A}_{n+1}$.
Recent articles have shown the connection between representation theory of quivers and the theory of cluster algebras. In this article, we prove that some cluster algebras of type ADE can be recovered from the data of the corresponding quiver representation category. This also provides some explicit formulas for cluster variables.
We compute the Euler characteristics of quiver Grassmannians and quiver flag varieties of tree and band modules and prove their positivity. This generalizes some results by G.C. Irelli [arXiv:0910.2592]. As an application we consider the Ringel-Hall algebra $C(A)$ of some string algebras $A$ and compute in combinatorial terms the products of arbitrary functions in $C(A)$.
Let $A$ be a truncated quiver algebra over an algebraically closed field such that any oriented cycle in the ordinary quiver of $A$ is zero in $A$. We give the number of the indecomposable direct summands of the middle term of an almost split sequence for a class of Hochschild extension algebras of $A$ by the standard duality module $D(A)$.
For a truncated quiver algebra over a field of arbitrary characteristic, its Hochschild cohomology is calculated. Moreover, it is shown that its Hochschild cohomology algebra is finite-dimensional if and only if its global dimension is finite if and only if its quiver has no oriented cycles.
The motivation of this paper is to study the natural quiver of an artinian algebra, a new kind of quivers, as a tool independing upon the associated basic algebra. In \cite{Li}, the notion of the natural quiver of an artinian algebra was introduced and then was used to generalize the Gabriel theorem for non-basic artinian algebras splitting over radicals and non-basic finite dimensional algebras with 2-nilpotent radicals via pseudo path algebras and generalized path algebras respectively. In this paper, firstly we consider the relationship between the natural quiver and the ordinary quiver of …
Cluster algebras were introduced by S. Fomin and A. Zelevinsky in connection with dual canonical bases. To a cluster algebra of simply laced Dynkin type one can associate the cluster category. Any cluster of the cluster algebra corresponds to a tilting object in the cluster category. The cluster tilted algebra is the algebra of endomorphisms of that tilting object. Viewing the cluster tilted algebra as a path algebra of a quiver with relations, we prove in this paper that the quiver of the cluster tilted algebra is equal to the cluster diagram. We study also the relations. As an application of…
Happel and Unger defined a partial order on the set of basic tilting modules. The tilting quiver is the Hasse diagram of the poset of basic tilting modules. We determine the number of arrows in the tilting quiver over a path algebra of type $A$ or $D$.
Let $T$ be a Hochschild extension algebra of a finite dimensional algebra $A$ over a field $K$ by the standard duality $A$-bimodule ${\rm Hom}_K(A,\,K)$. In this paper, we determine the ordinary quiver of $T$ if $A$ is a self-injective Nakayama algebra by means of the $\mathbb{N}$-graded second Hochschild homology group $HH_2(A)$ in the sense of Sköldberg.
The concept of modulation is generalized to pseudo-modulation and its subclasses including pre-modulation, generalized modulation and regular modulation. The motivation is to define the valued analogue of natural quiver, called {\em natural valued quiver}, of an artinian algebra so as to correspond to its valued Ext-quiver when this algebra is not $k$-splitting over the field $k$. Moreover, we illustrate the relation between the valued Ext-quiver and the natural valued quiver. The interesting fact we find is that the representation categories of a pseudo-modulation and of a pre-modulation are …
We show that the generic Hall algebra of nilpotent representations of an oriented cycle specialised at $q=0$ is isomorphic to the generic extension monoid in the sense of Reineke. This continues the work of Reineke.
We count the $\mathbb{F}_q$-rational points of GIT quotients of quiver representations with relations. We focus on two types of algebras -- one is one-point extended from a quiver $Q$, and the other is the Dynkin $A_2$ tensored with $Q$. For both, we obtain explicit formulas. We study when they are polynomial-count. We follow the similar line as in the first paper but algebraic manipulations in Hall algebra will be replaced by corresponding geometric constructions.
We define the path coalgebra and Gabriel quiver constructions as functors between the category of $k$-quivers and the category of pointed $k$-coalgebras, for $k$ a field. We define a congruence relation on the coalgebra side, show that the functors above respect this relation, and prove that the induced Gabriel $k$-quiver functor is left adjoint to the corresponding path coalgebra functor. We dualize, obtaining adjoint pairs of functors (contravariant and covariant) for pseudocompact algebras. Using these tools we describe precisely to what extent presentations of coalgebras and algebras in te…
This is a brief introduction to the quiver Hecke algebras of Khovanov, Lauda and Rouquier, emphasizing their application to the categorification of quantum groups. The text is based on lectures given by the author at the ICRA workshop in Bielefeld in August, 2012.
We study a family of three-dimensional Lie algebras $L_μ$ that depend on a continuous parameter $μ$. We introduce certain quivers, which we denote by $Q_{m,n}$ $(m,n \in \mathbb{Z})$ and $Q_{\infty \times \infty}$, and prove that idempotented versions of the enveloping algebras of the Lie algebras $L_μ$ are isomorphic to the path algebras of these quivers modulo certain ideals in the case that $μ$ is rational and non-rational, respectively. We then show how the representation theory of the quivers $Q_{m,n}$ and $Q_{\infty\times\infty}$ can be related to the representation theory of quivers of …
Let $Q$ be a tree-type quiver, $\mathbf{k} Q$ its path algebra, and $λ$ a nonzero element in the field $\mathbf{k}$. We construct irreducible morphisms in the Auslander-Reiten quiver of the transjective component of the bounded derived category of $\mathbf{k} Q$ that satisfy what we call the $λ$-relations. When $λ=1$, the relations are known as mesh relations. When $λ=-1$, they are known as commutativity relations. Using this technique together with the results given by Baer-Geigle-Lenzing, Crawley-Boevey, Ringel, and others, we show that for any tree-type quiver, several descriptions of its p…
In \cite{CK2005} and \cite{SZ}, the authors constructed the bases of cluster algebras of finite types and of type $\widetilde{A}_{1,1}$, respectively. In this paper, we will deduce $\mathbb{Z}$-bases for cluster algebras of affine types.
We consider quiver representations respecting a quiver automorphism and show that the dimension vectors of the indecomposables are precisely the positive roots of an associated symmetrisable Kac-Moody Lie algebra. Moreover, every such Lie algebra arises in this way. We also discuss the relationship with species of valued quivers over finite fields.
We give a brief review of the cohomological Hall algebra CoHA $\mathcal{H}$ and the K-theoretical Hall algebra KHA $\mathcal{R}$ associated to quivers. In the case of symmetric quivers, we show that there exists a homomorphism of algebras (obtained from a Chern character map) $\mathcal{R}\to \hat{\mathcal{H}}^σ$ where $\hat{\mathcal{H}}^σ$ is a Zhang twist of the completion of $\mathcal{H}$. Moreover, we establish the equivalence of categories of ``locally finite'' graded modules $\hat{\mathcal{H}}^σ-{\rm Mod}_{lf}\simeq \mathcal{R}_{\mathbb Q}-{\rm Mod}_{lf}$. Examples of locally finite $\hat…
Our published paper contains an incorrect statement of a result due to Artin and Zhang. This corrigendum gives the correct statement of their result and includes a new result that allows us to use their result to prove our main theorem. Thus the main theorem of our published paper is correct as stated but its proof must be modified.
We explore the (noncommutative) geometry of locally simple representations of the diagonal locally finite Lie algebras $\mathfrak{sl}(n^\infty)$, $\mathfrak o(n^\infty)$, and $\mathfrak{sp}(n^\infty)$. Let $\mathfrak g_\infty$ be one of these Lie algebras, and let $I \subseteq U(\mathfrak g_\infty)$ be the nonzero annihilator of a locally simple $\mathfrak g_\infty$-module. We show that for each such $I$, there is a quiver $Q$ so that locally simple $\mathfrak g_\infty$-modules with annihilator $I$ are parameterised by "points" in the "noncommutative space" corresponding to the path algebra of…
We realize the enveloping algebra of the positive part of a symmetrizable Kac-Moody algebra as a convolution algebra of constructible functions on module varieties of some Iwanaga-Gorenstein algebras of dimension 1.
Sherman-Zelevinsky and Cerulli constructed canonically positive bases in cluster algebras associated to affine quivers having at most three vertices. Both constructions involve cluster monomials and normalized Chebyshev polynomials of the first kind evaluated at a certain "imaginary" element in the cluster algebra. Using this combinatorial description, it is possible to define for any affine quiver $Q$ a set $\mathcal B(Q)$ which is conjectured to be the canonically positive basis of the acyclic cluster algebra $\mathcal A(Q)$. In this article, we provide a geometric realization of the element…
Quivers play an important role in the representation theory of algebras, with a key ingredient being the path algebra and the preprojective algebra. Quiver grassmannians are varieties of submodules of a fixed module of the path or preprojective algebra. In the current paper, we study these objects in detail. We show that the quiver grassmannians corresponding to submodules of certain injective modules are homeomorphic to the lagrangian quiver varieties of Nakajima which have been well studied in the context of geometric representation theory. We then refine this result by finding quiver grassm…
We describe how the Hochschild (co)homology of a bound quiver algebra changes when adding or deleting arrows to the quiver. The main tools are relative Hochschild (co)homology, the Jacobi-Zariski long exact sequence obtained by A. Kaygun and a one step relative projective resolution of a tensor algebra.
Recently it has been noticed that many interesting combinatorial objects belong to a class of semigroups called left regular bands, and that random walks on these semigroups encode several well-known random walks. For example, the set of faces of a hyperplane arrangement is endowed with a left regular band structure. This paper studies the module structure of the semigroup algebra of an arbitrary left regular band, extending results for the semigroup algebra of the faces of a hyperplane arrangement. In particular, a description of the quiver of the semigroup algebra is given and the Cartan inv…
Happel and Unger reconstructed hereditary algebras from their posets of tilting modules. Inspired by this result, we try removing the assumption to be hereditary. However, it would be unfortunately fail in general: e.g. every selfinjective algebra has the poset consisting of only one point. Therefore, we should consider a generalization of the Happel-Unger's result for posets of support $τ$-tilting modules, which contains those of tilting modules. In this paper, we spotlight finite dimensional algebras whose support $τ$-tilting posets coincide with those of tree quiver algebras and give a full…
We give a construction of the projective indecomposable modules and a description of the quiver for a large class of monoid algebras including the algebra of any finite monoid whose principal right ideals have at most one idempotent generator. Our results include essentially all families of finite monoids for which this has been done previously, for example, left regular bands, $\mathscr J$-trivial and $\mathscr R$-trivial monoids and left regular bands of groups.
Let k a characteristic zero field. We give a characterization for the finite quiver k-algebras, based on double derivations. More precisely, we prove that if an associative and unitary k-algebra have a family of double derivations satisfying suitable conditions, then it is (canonically isomorphic to) a quiver algebra. This is the non-commutative version of a result of D. Wright.
A partly (anti-)commutative quiver algebra is a quiver algebra bound by an (anti-)commutativity ideal, that is, a quadratic ideal generated by monomials and (anti-)commutativity relations. We give a combinatorial description of the ideals and the associated generator graphs, from which one can quickly determine if the ideal is admissible or not. We describe the center of a partly (anti-)commutative quiver algebra and state necessary and sufficient conditions for the center to be finitely generated as a K-algebra. As an application, necessary and sufficient conditions for finite generation of t…
We define a graded quasi-hereditary covering for the cyclotomic quiver Hecke algebras $\mathcal{R}^Λ_n$ of type $A$ when $e=0$ (the linear quiver) or $e\ge n$. We show that these algebras are quasi-hereditary graded cellular algebras by giving explicit homogeneous bases for them. When $e=0$ we show that the KLR grading on the quiver Hecke algebras is compatible with the gradings on parabolic category $\mathcal{O}$ previously introduced in the works of Beilinson, Ginzburg and Soergel and Backelin. As a consequence, we show that when $e=0$ our graded Schur algebras are Koszul over field of chara…
The spectral radius of matrix, also known as Frobenius-Perron dimension, is a useful tool for studying linear algebras and plays an important role in the classification of the representation categories of algebras. In this paper, we study the Frobenius-Perron theory of the representation categories of bound quiver algebras containing loops, find a way to calculate the Frobenius-Perron dimension of these algebras when they satisfy the commutativity condition of loops. As an application, we prove that the Frobenius-Perron dimension of the representation category of a modified ADE bounded quiver …
We introduce the notion of the full quiver of a representation of an algebra, which is a cover of the (classical) quiver, but which captures properties of the representation itself. Gluing of vertices and of arrows enables one to study subtle combinatorial aspects of algebras which are lost in the classical quiver. Full quivers of representations apply especially well to \Zcd\ algebras, which have properties very like those of finite dimensional algebras over fields. By choosing the representation appropriately, one can restrict the gluing to two main types: {\it Frobenius} (along the diagonal…
Let $K$ be a fixed field. We attach to each column-finite quiver $E$ a von Neumann regular $K$-algebra $Q(E)$ in a functorial way. The algebra $Q(E)$ is a universal localization of the usual path algebra $P(E)$ associated with $E$. The monoid of isomorphism classes of finitely generated projective right $Q(E)$-modules is explicitly computed.
In this paper we discuss, in terms of quivers with relations, sufficient and necessary conditions for an algebra to be a quasitilted algebra. We start with an algebra with global dimension two and we give a sufficient condition for it to be a quasitilted algebra. We show that this condition is not necessary. In the case of a strongly simply connected schurian algebra, we discuss necessary conditions, and, combining both type of conditions, we are able to analyze if the given algebra is quasitilted. As an application we obtain the quiver with relations of all the tilted and cluster tilted algeb…
This paper is devoted to the study of the quasitriangularity of Hopf algebras via Hopf quiver approaches. We give a combinatorial description of the Hopf quivers whose path coalgebras give rise to coquasitriangular Hopf algebras. With a help of the quiver setting, we study general coquasitriangular pointed Hopf algebras and obtain a complete classification of the finite-dimensional ones over an algebraically closed field of characteristic 0.
We provide a quiver setting for quasi-Hopf algebras, generalizing the Hopf quiver theory. As applications we obtain some general structure theorems, in particular the quasi-Hopf analogue of the Cartier theorem and the Cartier-Gabriel decomposition theorem.
We present the Gerstenhaber algebra structure on the Hochschild cohomology of Koszul algebras defined by quivers and relations using the idea of homotopy liftings. E.L. Green, G. Hartman, E.N. Marcos and O. Solberg provided a canonical way of constructing a minimal projective bimodule resolution of a Koszul quiver algebra. The resolution has a comultiplicative structure which we use to define homotopy lifting maps. We first present a short example that demonstrates the theory. We then study the Gerstenhaber algebra structure on Hochschild cohomology of a family of bound quiver algebras, some m…
We classify Hopf actions of Taft algebras T(n) on path algebras of quivers, in the setting where the quiver is loopless, finite, and Schurian. As a corollary, we see that every quiver admitting a faithful Z_n-action (by directed graph automorphisms) also admits inner faithful actions of a Taft algebra. Several examples for actions of the Sweedler algebra T(2) and for actions of T(3) are presented in detail. We then extend the results on Taft algebra actions on path algebras to actions of the Frobenius-Lusztig kernel u_q(sl_2), and to actions of the Drinfeld double of T(n).
We survey some results on counting the rational points of moduli spaces of quiver representations. We then make generalizations to Grassmannians and flags of quiver representations. These results have nice applications to the cluster algebra. Along the way, we use the full Hopf structure of the Hall algebra of a quiver.
We describe certain quiver Hopf algebras by parameters. This leads to the classification of multiple Taft algebras as well as pointed Yetter-Drinfeld modules and their corresponding Nichols algebras. In particular, when the ground-field $k$ is the complex field and $G$ is a finite abelian group, we classify quiver Hopf algebras over $G$, multiple Taft algebras over $G$ and Nichols algebras in $^{kG}_{kG} {\cal YD}$. We show that the quantum enveloping algebra of a complex semisimple Lie algebra is a quotient of a semi-path Hopf algebra.
To a formally smooth algebra A we associate a quiver setting (Q,a) containing enough information to reconstruct all the local quiver settings determining the etale local structure of finite dimensional representation schemes of A, see math.AG/9904171. Conjecturally, in a (yet to be developed) non-commutative etale topology, A is locally isomorphic to an algebra B which in turn is Morita equivalent (via the dimension vector a) to the path algebra CQ of the quiver Q.