Let G be a lattice in PSL(2,C). The pro-normal topology on G is defined by taking all cosets of non-trivial normal subgroups as a basis. This topology is finer than the pro-finite topology, but it is not discrete. We prove that every finitely generated subgroup H<G is closed in the pro-normal topology. As a corollary we deduce that if M is a maximal subgroup of a lattice in PSL(2,C) then either M is finite index or M is not finitely generated.
We prove a factorization theorem for Fuchsian groups similar to those proved by Agol and Liu for 3-manifold groups. As an application, we build Makanin-Razborov diagrams, which parametrize the collection of all discrete representations from an arbitrary but fixed finitely generated group $G$ to ${\rm PSL}(2, \mathbb{R})$. We define a new class of groups called ${\rm PSL}(2, \mathbb{R})$-discrete limit groups and then use the factorization theorem to obtain useful information about this class of groups.
While lattices in semi-simple Lie groups are studied very well, only little is known about discrete subgroups of infinite covolume. The main class of examples are Schottky groups. Here we investigate some new examples. We consider subgroups $Γ$ of arithmetic groups in $PSL(2,C)^q \times PSL(2,R)^r$ with $q+r>1$ and their limit set. We prove that the projective limit set of a nonelementary finitely generated $Γ$ consists of exactly one point if and only if one and hence all projections of $Γ$ to the simple factors of $PSL(2,C)^q \times PSL(2,R)^r$ are subgroups of arithmetic Fuchsian or Kleinia…
We provide examples of finitely generated infinite covolume subgroups of $PSL(2,R)^r$ with a "big" limit set, e.g. that contains an open subset of the geometric boundary. They are given by the so called semi-arithmetic Fuchsian groups admitting modular embeddings.
Let $H<\mathrm{PSL}_2(\mathbb{Z})$ be a finite index normal subgroup which is contained in a principal congruence subgroup, and let $Φ(H)\neq H$ denote a term of the lower central series or the derived series of $H$. In this paper, we prove that the commensurator of $Φ(H)$ in $\mathrm{PSL}_2(\mathbb{R})$ is discrete. We thus obtain a natural family of thin subgroups of $\mathrm{PSL}_2(\mathbb{R})$ whose commensurators are discrete, establishing some cases of a conjecture of Shalom.
We describe the topology of the space of all geometric limits of closed abelian subgroups of PSL2C. Main tools and ideas come from the previous paper [BC12].
We prove that PSL(2,Z[1/p]) gives the first example of groups which are not quasi-isometric to each other but have the same quasi-isometry group. Namely, PSL(2,Z[1/p]) and PSL(2,Z[1/q]) are not quasi-isometric unless p=q, and, independent of p, the quasi-isometry group of PSL(2,Z[1/p]) is PSL(2,Q). In addition, we characterize PSL(2,Z[1/p]) uniquely among all finitely generated groups by its quasi-isometry type.
For a given $ε>0$, we show that there exist two finite index subgroups of $PSL_2(\mathbb{Z})$ which are $(1+ε)$-quasisymmetrically conjugated and the conjugation homeomorphism is not conformal. This implies that for any $ε>0$ there are two finite regular covers of the Modular once punctured torus $T_0$ (or just the Modular torus) and a $(1+ε)$-quasiconformal between them that is not homotopic to a conformal map. As an application of the above results, we show that the orbit of the basepoint in the Teichmüller space $T(§)$ of the punctured solenoid $§$ under the action of the corresponding Modu…
In this paper we create many examples of hyperbolic groups with subgroups satisfying interesting finiteness properties. We give the first examples of subgroups of hyperbolic groups which are of type $FP_2$ but not finitely presented. We give uncountably many groups of type $FP_2$ with similar properties to those subgroups of hyperbolic groups. Along the way we create more subgroups of hyperbolic groups which are finitely presented but not of type $FP_3$.
Suppose G is a non-free finitely generated Kleinian group without parabolics which is not a lattice and let C(G) denote the commensurator in PSL(2,C). We prove that if the limit set of G is not a round circle, then C(G) is discrete. Furthermore, G has finite index in C(G) unless G is a fiber group in which case C(G) is a lattice.
Let $ Γ< PSL_2(\mathbb{C}) $ be a Zariski dense finitely generated Kleinian group. We show all Radon measures on $ PSL_2(\mathbb{C}) / Γ$ which are ergodic and invariant under the action of the horospherical subgroup are either supported on a single closed horospherical orbit or quasi-invariant with respect to the geodesic frame flow and its centralizer. We do this by applying a result of Landesberg and Lindenstrauss together with fundamental results in the theory of 3-manifolds, most notably the Tameness Theorem by Agol and Calegari-Gabai.
Let Gamma < PSL_2(C) be discrete, cofinite volume, and noncocompact. We prove that for all K > 1, there is a subgroup H < Gamma that is K-quasiconformally conjugate to a discrete cocompact subgroup of PSL_2(R). Along with previous work of Kahn and Markovic, this proves that every finite covolume Kleinian group has a nearly Fuchsian surface subgroup.
Let G be a closed transitive subgroup of Homeo(S^1) which contains a non-constant continuous path f: [0,1] --> G. We show that up to conjugation G is one of the following groups: SO(2,R), PSL(2,R), PSL_k(2,R), Homeo_k(S^1), Homeo(S^1). This verifies the classification suggested by Ghys [Enseign. Math. 47 (2001) 329-407]. As a corollary we show that the group PSL(2,R) is a maximal closed subgroup of Homeo(S^1) (we understand this is a conjecture of de la Harpe). We also show that if such a group G < Homeo(S^1) acts continuously transitively on k-tuples of points, k>3, then the closure of G is H…
We study some basic properties of the variety of characters in PSL(2,C) of a finitely generated group. In particular we give an interpretation of its points as characters of representations. We construct 3-manifolds whose variety of characters has arbitrarily many components that do not lift to SL(2,C). We also study the singular locus of the variety of characters of a free group.
The discreteness problem for finitely generated subgroups of $PSL(2,\mathbb{R})$ and $PSL(2,\mathbb{C})$ is a long-standing open problem. In this paper we consider whether or not this problem is decidable by an algorithm. Our main result is that the answer depends upon what model of computation is chosen. Since our discussion involves the disparate topics of computability theory and group theory, we include substantial background material.
The notions of stable and Morse subgroups of finitely generated groups generalize the concept of a quasiconvex subgroup of a word-hyperbolic group. For a word-hyperbolic group $G$, Kapovich provided a partial algorithm which, on input a finite set $S$ of $G$, halts if $S$ generates a quasiconvex subgroup of $G$ and runs forever otherwise. In this paper, we give various detection and decidability algorithms for stability and Morseness of a finitely generated subgroup of mapping class groups, right-angled Artin groups, toral relatively hyperbolic groups, and finitely generated groups discriminat…
In this paper, we compute the subgroup distortion of all finitely generated subgroups of all finitely generated 3-manifold groups, and the subgroup distortion in this case can only be linear, quadratic, exponential and double exponential. It turns out that the subgroup distortion of a subgroup of a 3-manifold group is closely related to the separability of this subgroup.
Let $ρ:Γ\rightarrow PSL_d(\mathbb{K})$ be a Zariski dense Borel-Anosov representation, for $\mathbb{K}$ equal to $\mathbb{R}$ or $\mathbb{C}$. Let $o$ be a form of signature $(p,d-p)$ on $\mathbb{K}^d$ (where $0<p<d)$. Let $\mathsf{S}^o$ be the corresponding geodesic copy of the Riemannian symmetric space of $PSO(o)$, inside the Riemannian symmetric space of $PSL_d(\mathbb{K})$. For certain choices of $o$ and every $t$ large enough, we show exponential bounds for the number of $γ\inΓ$ for which the distance between $\mathsf{S}^o$ and $ργ\cdot\mathsf{S}^o$ is smaller than $t$. Under an extra as…
A Kleinian group $Γ< \mathrm{Isom}(\mathbb H^3)$ is called convex cocompact if any orbit of $Γ$ in $\mathbb H^3$ is quasiconvex or, equivalently, $Γ$ acts cocompactly on the convex hull of its limit set in $\partial \mathbb H^3$. Subgroup stability is a strong quasiconvexity condition in finitely generated groups which is intrinsic to the geometry of the ambient group and generalizes the classical quasiconvexity condition above. Importantly, it coincides with quasiconvexity in hyperbolic groups and convex cocompactness in mapping class groups. Using the Morse boundary, we develop an equivalent…
Let $M$ be a complete oriented hyperbolic $3$--manifold of finite volume. Using classifying spaces for families of subgroups we construct a class $β_P(M)$ in the Adamson relative homology group $H_3([PSL_2(\mathbb{C}):\bar{P}];\mathbb{Z})$, where $\bar{P}$ is the subgroup of parabolic transformations which fix $\infty$ in the Riemann sphere. We also prove that the classes $F(M)$ in the Takasu relative homology groups $H_3(PSL_2(\mathbb{C}),\bar{P};\mathbb{Z})$ constructed by Zickert, which are not well-defined and depend of a choice of decorations by horospheres, are all mapped to $β_P(M)$ via…
We prove that if a surface group embeds as a normal subgroup in a Kähler group and the conjugation action of the Kähler group on the surface group preserves the conjugacy class of a non-trivial element, then the Kähler group is virtually given by a direct product, where one factor is a surface group. Moreover we prove that if a one-ended hyperbolic group with infinite outer automorphism group embeds as a normal subgroup in a Kähler group then it is virtually a surface group. More generally we give restrictions on normal subgroups of Kähler groups which are amalgamated products or HNN extension…
This is the first of two papers on the global topology of the space $\textrm{Sub}(G)$ of all closed subgroups of $G=\textrm{PSL}_2(\mathbb{R})$, equipped with the Chabauty topology. In this paper, we study the spaces of lattices and elementary subgroups of $G$, and prove a continuity result for conformal grafting of (possibly infinite type) vectored orbifolds that will be useful in both papers. More specifically, we first identify the homotopy type of the space of elementary subgroups of $G$, following Baik-Clavier. Then for a fixed finite type hyperbolizable $2$-orbifold $S$, we show that the…
Let $Γ$ be a lattice in a connected semisimple Lie group $G$ with trivial center and no compact factors. We introduce a volume invariant for representations of $Γ$ into $G$, which generalizes the volume invariant for representations of uniform lattices introduced by Goldman. Then, we show that the maximality of this volume invariant exactly characterizes discrete, faithful representations of $Γ$ into $G$ except for $Γ\subset \mathrm{PSL_2 \mathbb{C}}$ a nonuniform lattice.
We construct two infinite families of ball quotient compactifications birational to bielliptic surfaces. For each family, the volume spectrum of the associated noncompact finite volume ball quotient surfaces is the set of all positive integral multiples of $\frac{8}{3}π^{2}$, i.e., they attain all possible volumes of complex hyperbolic $2$-manifolds. The surfaces in one of the two families have all $2$-cusps, so that we can saturate the entire volume spectrum with $2$-cusped manifolds. Finally, we show that the associated neat lattices have infinite abelianization and finitely generated commut…
