Classically, Groebner bases are computed by first prescribing a set monomial order. Moss Sweedler suggested an alternative and developed a framework to perform such computations by using valuation rings in place of monomial orders. We build on these ideas by providing a class of valuations on rational function fields of two variables that are suitable for this framework. For these valuations, we explicitly compute the image of an underlying polynomial ring and use this to perform computations concerning ideals in the polynomial ring. Interestingly, for these valuations, some ideals have a finite Groebner basis with respect to the valuation that is not a Groebner basis with respect to any monomial order, whereas other ideals only have Groebner bases that are infinite with respect to the valuation.
We present several naturally occurring classes of spectral spaces using commutative algebra on pointed monoids. For this purpose, our main tools are finite type closure operations and continuous valuations on monoids which we introduce in this work. In the process, we make a detailed study of different closure operations on monoids. We prove that the collection of continuous valuations on a topological monoid with topology determined by any finitely generated ideal is a spectral space.
We complement two papers on supertropical valuation theory ([IKR1],[IKR2]) by providing natural examples of m-valuations (= monoid valuations), after that of supervaluations and transmissions between them. The supervaluations discussed have values in totally ordered supertropical semirings, and the transmissions discussed respect the orderings. Basics of a theory of such semirings and transmissions are developed as far as needed.
A cancellative commutative monoid is atomic if every non-invertible element factors into irreducibles. Under certain mild conditions on a positive algebraic number $α$, the additive monoid $M_α$ of the evaluation semiring $\mathbb{N}_0[α]$ is atomic. The atomic structure of both the additive and the multiplicative monoids of $\mathbb{N}_0[α]$ has been the subject of several recent papers. Here we focus on the monoids $M_α$, and we study its omega-primality and elasticity, aiming to better understand some fundamental questions about their atomic decompositions. We prove that when $α$ is less th…
In this paper, we study factorizations in the additive monoids of positive algebraic valuations $\mathbb{N}_0[α]$ of the semiring of polynomials $\mathbb{N}_0[X]$ using a methodology introduced by D. D. Anderson, D. F. Anderson, and M. Zafrullah in 1990. A cancellative commutative monoid is atomic if every non-invertible element factors into irreducibles. We begin by determining when $\mathbb{N}_0[α]$ is atomic, and we give an explicit description of its set of irreducibles. An atomic monoid is a finite factorization monoid (FFM) if every element has only finitely many factorizations (up to or…
This is a continuation of a previous paper by the same authors. In the former paper, it was proved that in order to obtain local uniformization for valuations centered on local domains, it is enough to prove it for rank one valuations. In this paper, we extend this result to the case of valuations centered on rings which are not necessarily integral domains and may even contain nilpotents.
We show how several results about p-adic lattices generalize easily to lattices over valuation ring of arbitrary rank having only the Henselian property for quadratic polynomial. If 2 is invertible we obtain the uniqueness of the Jordan decomposition and the Witt Cancelation Theorem. We show that the isomorphism classes of indecomposable rank 2 lattices over such a ring in which 2 is not invertible are characterized by two invariants, provided that the lattices contain a primitive norm divisible by 2 of maximal valuation.
Let $F$ be a field, and let Zar$(F)$ be the space of valuation rings of $F$ with respect to the Zariski topology. We prove that if $X$ is a quasicompact set of rank one valuation rings in Zar$(F)$ whose maximal ideals do not intersect to $0$, then the intersection of the rings in $X$ is an integral domain with quotient field $F$ such that every finitely generated ideal is a principal ideal. To prove this result, we develop a duality between (a) quasicompact sets of rank one valuation rings whose maximal ideals do not intersect to $0$, and (b) one-dimensional Prüfer domains with nonzero Jacobso…
We consider the directed union S of an infinite sequence {(R_n, m_n)} of successive local quadratic transforms of a regular local ring (R, m). If dim R = 2, Abhyankar proves that S is a valuation ring. If dim R > 2, Shannon gives necessary and sufficient conditions for S to be a rank 1 valuation domain and Granja gives necessary and sufficient conditions that S be a rank 2 rational rank 2 valuation domain. Granja observes that these are the only cases where S is a valuation domain. If the sequence is along a rank 1 valuation ring V with valuation v, Granja, Martinez, and Rodriguez show that if…
We investigate the algebraic structure on the set of closure operations of a ring. We show the set of closure operations is not a monoid under composition for a discrete valuation ring. Even the set of semiprime operations over a DVR is not a monoid; however, it is the union of two monoids, one being the left but not right act of the other. We also determine all semiprime operations over the ring $K[[t^2, t^3]]$.
Let $Γ$ be a torsionless commutative cancellative monoid, $R =\bigoplus_{α\in Γ}R_α$ be a $Γ$-graded integral domain, and $H$ be the set of nonzero homogeneous elements of $R$. In this paper, we show that if $Q$ is a maximal $t$-ideal of $R$ with $Q \cap H = \emptyset$, then $R_Q$ is a valuation domain. We then use this result to give simple proofs of the facts that (i) $R$ is a UMT-domain if and only if $R_Q$ is a quasi-Prüfer domain for each homogeneous maximal $t$-ideal $Q$ of $R$ and (ii) $R$ is a P$v$MD if and only if every nonzero finitely generated homogeneous ideal of $R$ is $t$-invert…
In this paper we study the rank one discrete valuations of $k((X_1,... ,X_n))$ whose center in $k\lcor\X\rcor$ is the maximal ideal $(\X)$. In sections 2 to 6 we give a construction of a system of parametric equations describing such valuations. This amounts to finding a parameter and a field of coefficients. We devote section 2 to finding an element of value 1, that is, a parameter. The field of coefficients is the residue field of the valuation, and it is given in section 5. The constructions given in these sections are not effective in the general case, because we need either to use the Zor…
If $\mathbb{F}$ is an ordered field and $M$ is a finite-rank torsion-free monoid, then one can embed $M$ into a finite-dimensional vector space over $\mathbb{F}$ via the inclusion $M \hookrightarrow \text{gp}(M) \hookrightarrow \mathbb{F} \otimes_{\mathbb{Z}} \text{gp}(M)$, where $\text{gp}(M)$ is the Grothendieck group of $M$. Let $\mathcal{C}$ be the class consisting of all monoids (up to isomorphism) that can be embedded into a finite-rank free commutative monoid. Here we investigate how the atomic structure and arithmetic properties of a monoid $M$ in $\mathcal{C}$ are connected to the com…
Suppose $F$ is a field with valuation $v$ and valuation ring $O_{v}$, $E$ is a finite field extension and $w$ is a quasi-valuation on $E$ extending $v$. We study quasi-valuations on $E$ that extend $v$; in particular, their corresponding rings and their prime spectrums. We prove that these ring extensions satisfy INC (incomparability), LO (lying over), and GD (going down) over $O_{v}$; in particular, they have the same Krull Dimension. We also prove that every such quasi-valuation is dominated by some valuation extending $v$. Under the assumption that the value monoid of the quasi-valuation is…
Let V be a rank one discrete valuation ring (DVR) on a field F and let L/F be a finite separable algebraic field extension with [L:F] = m. The integral closure of V in L is a Dedekind domain that encodes the following invariants: (i) the number of extensions of V to a valuation ring W on L, (ii) the residue degree of each W over V, and (iii) the ramification degree of each W over V. Given a finite set of DVRs on F, an m-consistent system is a family of sets enumerating what is theoretically possible for the above invariants of each V in the set. The m-consistent system is realizable if there e…
Let $v$ be a rank-one discrete valuation of the field $k((\X))$. We know, after \cite{Bri2}, that if $n=2$ then the dimension of $v$ is 1 and if $v$ is the usual order function over $k((\X))$ its dimension is $n-1$. In this paper we prove that, in the general case, the dimension of a rank-one discrete valuation can be any number between 1 and $n-1$.
Let $H$ be an atomic monoid. For $x \in H$, let $\mathsf{L}(x)$ denote the set of all possible lengths of factorizations of $x$ into irreducibles. The system of sets of lengths of $H$ is the set $\mathcal{L}(H) = \{\mathsf{L}(x) \mid x \in H\}$. On the other hand, the elasticity of $x$, denoted by $ρ(x)$, is the quotient $\sup \mathsf{L}(x)/\inf \mathsf{L}(x)$ and the elasticity of $H$ is the supremum of the set $\{ρ(x) \mid x \in H\}$. The system of sets of lengths and the elasticity of $H$ both measure how far is $H$ from being half-factorial, i.e., $|\mathsf{L}(x)| = 1$ for each $x \in H$. …
Let $V$ be a valuation domain of rank one and quotient field $K$. Let $\overline{\hat{K}}$ be a fixed algebraic closure of the $v$-adic completion $\hat K$ of $K$ and let $\overline{\hat{V}}$ be the integral closure of $\hat V$ in $\overline{\hat{K}}$. We describe a relevant class of valuation domains $W$ of the field of rational functions $K(X)$ which lie over $V$, which are indexed by the elements $α\in\overline{\hat{K}}\cup\{\infty\}$, namely, $W=W_α=\{φ\in K(X) \mid φ(α)\in\overline{\hat{V}}\}$. If $V$ is discrete and $π\in V$ is a uniformizer, then a valuation domain $W$ of $K(X)$ is of t…
Let (R,m,k) be a one-dimensional analytically unramified local ring with minimal prime ideals P_1,...,P_s. Our ultimate goal is to study the direct-sum behavior of maximal Cohen-Macaulay modules over R. Such behavior is encoded by the monoid C(R) of isomorphism classes of maximal Cohen-Macaulay R-modules: the structure of this monoid reveals, for example, whether or not every maximal Cohen-Macaulay module is uniquely a direct sum of indecomposable modules; when uniqueness does not hold, invariants of this monoid give a measure of how badly this property fails. The key to understanding the mono…
Let $R$ be a commutative Noetherian ring of dimension $d$, $M$ a commutative cancellative torsion-free monoid of rank $r$ and $P$ a finitely generated projective $R[M]$-module of rank $t$. $(1)$ Assume $M$ is $Φ$-simplicial seminormal. $(i)$ If $M\in \CC(Φ)$, then {\it Serre dim} $R[M]\leq d$. $(ii)$ If $r\leq 3$, then {\it Serre dim} $R[int(M)]\leq d$. $(2)$ If $M\subset \BZ_+^2$ is a normal monoid of rank $2$, then {\it Serre dim} $R[M]\leq d$. $(3)$ Assume $M$ is $c$-divisible, $d=1$ and $t\geq 3$. Then $P\cong \wedge^t P\op R[M]^{t-1}$. $(4)$ Assume $R$ is a uni-branched affine algebra ove…
We prove that any complete regular local ring with a valuation of rank 1 can be embedded, as a valued ring, in a ring of generalized Puiseux expansions.
We consider the question of which semigroups can occur as the semigroup $S_R(ν)$ of positive values of a rank 1 valuation dominating a Noetherian local ring $R$. We give a number of bounds of polynomial type on the growth of $ϕ(n)=S_R(ν)\cap (0,n)$ for $n\in\NN$, starting with the upper bound of $P_R(n)$, where $P_R(n)$ is the Hilbert function of $R$. This bound is generalized to an extremely general bound for arbitrary rank valuations in the paper "Semigroups of valuations on local rings, II", by Cutkosky and Teissier, arXiv:0805.3788. This bound is already enough to give simple examples of r…
We work with rational rank 1 valuations centered in regular local rings. Given an algebraic function field $K$ of transcendence degree 3 over $k$, a regular local ring $R$ with $QF(R)=K$ and a $k$-valuation $ν$ of $K$, we provide an algorithm for constructing a generating sequences for $ν$ in $R$. We then develop a method for determining a valuation $ν$ on $k(x,y,z)$ through the sequence of defining values. Using the above results we construct examples of valuations centered in $k[x,y,z]_{(x,y,z)}$ and investigate their semigroups of values.
In this paper, for a valued field $(K, v)$ of arbitrary rank and an extension $w$ of $v$ to $K(X),$ we give a connection between complete sets of ABKPs for $w$ and MacLane-Vaquié chains of $w.$
Given a valued field $(K,v)$ and a pseudo monotone sequence $E$ in $(K,v)$, one has an induced valuation $v_E$ extending $v$ to $K(X)$. After fixing an extension of $v_E$ to a fixed algebraic closure $\overline{K(X)}$ of $K(X)$, we show that the implicit constant field of the extension $(K(X)|K,v_E)$ is simply the henselization of $(K,v)$. We consider the question: given a value transcendental extension $w$ of $v$ to $K(X)$ and a pseudo monotone sequence $E$ in $(K,v)$, under which precise conditions is $w$ induced by $E$? The dual nature of pseudo convergent sequences of algebraic type and ps…
In this paper we study the rank one discrete valuations of the field $k((X_1,..., X_n))$ whose center in $k\lcor\X\rcor$ is the maximal ideal. In sections 2 to 6 we give a construction of a system of parametric equations describing such valuations. This amounts to finding a parameter and a field of coefficients. We devote section 2 to finding an element of value 1, that is, a parameter. The field of coefficients is the residue field of the valuation, and it is given in section 5. The constructions given in these sections are not effective in the general case, because we need either to use the …
In his work of 1969, Merle E. Manis introduced valuations on commutative rings. Recently, the class of totally quasi-ordered rings was developped by the second author. In the present paper, we establish the notion of compatibility between valuations and quasi-orders on rings, leading to a definition of the rank of a quasi-ordered ring. Moreover, we prove a Baer-Krull Theorem for quasi-ordered rings: fixing a Manis valuation v on R, we characterize all v-compatible quasi-orders of R by lifting the quasi-orders from the residue class ring to R itself.
Let $V$ be a valuation domain with quotient field $K$. Given a pseudo-convergent sequence $E$ in $K$, we study two constructions associating to $E$ a valuation domain of $K(X)$ lying over $V$, especially when $V$ has rank one. The first one has been introduced by Ostrowski, the second one more recently by Loper and Werner. We describe the main properties of these valuation domains, and we give a notion of equivalence on the set of pseudo-convergent sequences of $K$ characterizing when the associated valuation domains are equal. Then, we analyze the topological properties of the Zariski-Riemann…
Suppose that $R$ is a local domain essentially of finite type over a field of characteristic 0, and $ν$ a valuation of the quotient field of $R$ which dominates $R$. The rank of such a valuation often increases upon extending the valuation to a valuation dominating $\hat R$, the completion of $R$. When the rank of $ν$ is 1, Cutkosky and Ghezzi handle this phenomenon by resolving the prime ideal of infinite value, but give an example showing that when the rank is greater than 1, there is no natural ideal in $\hat R$ that leads to this obstruction. We extend their result on the resolution of pri…
In this paper we use the theory of multiplier ideals to show that the valuation ideals of a rank one Abhyankar valuation centered at a smooth point of a complex algebraic variety are approximated, in a quite strong sense, by sequences of powers of fixed ideals. Fix a rank one valuation v centered at a smooth point x on an algebraic variety over a field of characteristic zero. Assume that v is Abhyankar, that is, that its rational rank plus its transcendence degree equal the dimension of the variety. Let a_m denote the ideal of elements in the local ring of x whose valuations are at least m. Ou…
The aim of this paper is to introduce a certain number of tools and results suitable for the study of valuations of higher rank on function fields of algebraic varieties. This will be based on a study of higher rank quasi-monomial valuations taking values in the lexicographically ordered group R^k. We prove a duality theorem that gives a geometric realization of higher rank quasi-monomial valuations as tangent cones of dual cone complexes. Using this duality, we provide an analytic description of quasi-monomial valuations as multi-directional derivative operators on tropical functions. We cons…
Let v be a rank m discrete valuation of k[[X1,...,Xn]] with dimension n-m. We prove that there exists an inmediate extension L of K where the valuation is monomial. Therefore we compute explicitly the residue field of the valuation.
The notion of key polynomials was first introduced in 1936 by S. Maclane in the case of discrete rank 1 valuations. . Let K -> L be a field extension and ν a valuation of K. The original motivation for introducing key polynomials was the problem of describing all the extensions μ of ν to L. Take a valuation μ of L extending the valuation ν. In the case when ν is discrete of rank 1 and L is a simple algebraic extension of K Maclane introduced the notions of key polynomials for μ and augmented valuations and proved that μ is obtained as a limit of a family of augmented valuations on the polynomi…
Given a finitely generated algebra $A$, it is a fundamental question whether $A$ has a full rank discrete (Krull) valuation $\mathfrak{v}$ with finitely generated value semigroup. We give a necessary and sufficient condition for this, in terms of tropical geometry of $A$. In the course of this we introduce the notion of a Khovanskii basis for $(A, \mathfrak{v})$ which provides a framework for far extending Gröbner theory on polynomial algebras to general finitely generated algebras. In particular, this makes a direct connection between the theory of Newton-Okounkov bodies and tropical geometry…
Let $V(I)$ be a polarized projective variety or a subvariety of a product of projective spaces and let $A$ be its (multi-)homogeneous coordinate ring. Given a full-rank valuation $\mathfrak v$ on $A$ we associate weights to the coordinates of the projective space, respectively, the product of projective spaces. Let $w_{\mathfrak v}$ be the vector whose entries are these weights. Our main result is that the value semi-group of $\mathfrak v$ is generated by the images of the generators of $A$ if and only if the initial ideal of $I$ with respect to $w_{\mathfrak v}$ is prime. We further show that…
We present basic properties of Gröbner bases of submodules of a free module of finite rank over a polynomial ring $R$ with coefficients in a graded truncated discrete valuations ring $A$. As an application, we give a criterion for a finitely generated $R$-module to be flat over $A$. Its non-graded version is also given.
This paper is a sequel of [IKR1], where we defined supervaluations on a commutative ring $R$ and studied a dominance relation $ϕ\geq ψ$ between supervaluations $ϕ$ and $ψ$ on $R$, aiming at an enrichment of the algebraic tool box for use in tropical geometry. A supervaluation $ϕ:R \to U$ is a multiplicative map from $R$ to a supertropical semiring $U$, cf. [IR1], [IR2], [IKR1], with further properties, which mean that $ϕ$ is a sort of refinement, or covering, of an m-valuation (= monoid valuation) $v: R \to M$. In the most important case, that $R$ is a ring, m-valuations constitute a mild gene…
Let k be a field of characteristic zero, K an algebraic function field over k, and V a k-valuation ring of K. Zariski's theorem of local uniformization shows that there exist algebraic regular local rings R_i with quotient field K which are dominated by V, and such that the direct union of the R_i's is V. We investigate the ring T, which is the direct union of the completions of the R_i's. We give necessary and sufficient conditions for T to be a valuation ring. We then focus on the case in which the valuation has rank one.
Given a well-ordered semi-group $Γ$ with a minimal system of generators of ordinal type at most $ωn$ and of rational rank $r$, which satisfies a positivity and increasing condition, we construct a zero-dimensional valuation centered on the ring of polynomials with $r$ variables such that the semi-group of the values of the polynomial ring is equal to $Γ$. The construction uses a generalization of Favre and Jonsson's version of MacLane's sequence of key-polynomials.
Given a perfect valuation ring $R$ of characteristic $p$ that is complete with respect to a rank-$1$ nondiscrete valuation, we show that the ring $\mathbf{A}_{\text{inf}}$ of Witt vectors of $R$ has infinite Krull dimension.
