This is an expository article on representation theory of toroidal Lie algebras. We summerize all the results on representation theory of toroidal Lie algebras obtained in the last fifteen years. Apart from that a natural genaralization of Virasoro Lie algebra is introduced and the related results are stated. A genaralization of the semi direct product of affine Lie algebra and Virasoro Lie algebra is introduced which we call the full toroidal Lie algebra. The connection to the theory of Extended Affine Lie Algebras is explained.
Toroidal Lie algebras are generalizations of affine Lie algebras. In 1990, Moody, Rao and Yokonuma gave a presentation for untwisted toroidal Lie algebras. In this paper we give a presentation for the twisted toroidal Lie algebras of type $A$ and $D$ constructed by Fu and Jiang.
Using $n$ finite order automorphisms on a simple complex Lie algebra we construct twisted $n$-toroidal Lie algebras. Thus obtaining Lie algebras wich have a rootspace decomposition. For the case $n=2$ we list certain simple Lie algebras and their automorphisms, which produce twisted 2-toroidal algebras. In this way we obtain Lie algebras that are related to all Extended Affine Root Systems of K. Saito.
In this paper we construct a large class of modules for toroidal Lie superalgebras. Toroidal Lie superalgebras are universal central extension of G tensor A where G is a basic classical Lie superalgebra and A is a Laurent polynomial ring in sevaral variables. The case where G is simple finite dimensional Lie algebra is included.
We study irreducible modules for Toroidal Lie-algebras with finite dimensional weight spaces. First note that Toroidal Lie-algebras have infinite dimensional center. In genaral the infinite dimensional center does not act as scalars on an irreducible module but acts as invertible central operators. We prove in this paper the study of irreducible modules for Toroidal Lie-algebras with finite dimensional weight spaces is reduced to the study of irreducible modules where the center acts as scalars.
The paper is to classify irreducible integrable modules for the twisted full toroidal Lie algebra with some technical conditions. The twisted full toroidal Lie algebra are extensions of multiloop algebra twisted by sevaral finite order automorphisms. The result genaralizes a result by Fu Jiayuan and Cuipo Jiang, where they consider only one automorphism.
Toroidal Lie algebras are universal central extentions of the finite dimensional simple Lie algbera tensored with Laurent Polynomials in several commuteing variables. In this paper we classify irreducible integrable modules for Toroidal Lie algebras with finite dimensional wieght spaces. They are tensor product of evaluation modules for the finite dimensional Lie algebra when the center acts by zero. In the case when the center acts nontrivially they are tensor product of evalution representations of the underlying affine Lie algebra twisted by an automorphism of the Toroidal Lie algebras. The…
In this paper we classify irreducible integrable representations of loop toroidal Lie algebras with finite dimensional weight spaces. In both the cases we classify modules, when a part of center acts non-trivially and trivially on modules.
In this paper we study the subcategory of finite-length objects of the category of positive level integrable representations of a toroidal Lie algebra. The main goal is to characterize the blocks of the category. In the cases when the underlying finite type Lie algebra associated with the toroidal Lie algebra is simply-laced, we are able to give a parametrization for the blocks.
In this paper, we first construct the twisted full toroidal Lie algebra by an extension of a centreless Lie torus $LT$ which is a multiloop algebra twisted by several automorphisms of finite order and equipped with a particular grading. We then provide a complete classification of all the irreducible integrable modules with finite dimensional weight spaces for this twisted full toroidal Lie algebra having a non-trivial $LT$-action and where the centre of the underlying Lie algebra acts trivially.
In this paper, we classify the irreducible integrable modules with finite dimensional weight spaces and non-trivial $\widetilde{\mathfrak g}_c$-action for the nullity $2$ toroidal extended affine Lie algebra $\widetilde{\mathfrak g}$, where $\widetilde{\mathfrak g}_c$ is the core of $\widetilde{\mathfrak g}$.
Using free fields, we construct a bosonic realization of toroidal Lie algebras of type $A_{2n-1}, A_{2n}, D_{n+1}, D_4$ which are twisted by a Dynkin diagram automorphism. This realization is based upon the recently found Moody-Rao-Yokonuma-like presentation. In particular, our construction contains the first bosonic realization of the twisted affine algebra $D_4^{(3)}$.
The irreducible integrable representations with finite-dimensional weight spaces of toroidal Lie algebras on which the center acts non-trivially were classified by S.Eswara Rao. In this paper we give a compact proof of the results that lead to the classification theorem. Further we establish a necessary and sufficient condition under which two such irreducible modules are isomorphic.
In this paper, we construct a fermionic realization of the twisted toroidal Lie algebra of type $A_{2n-1}, D_{n+1}, A_{2n}$ and $D_4$ based on the newly found Moody-Rao-Yokonuma-like presentation.
We show that the representation theory for the toroidal extended affine Lie algebras is controlled by a vertex operator algebra which is a tensor product of four VOAs: a sub-VOA of the hyperbolic lattice VOA, two affine VOAs and a Virasoro VOA. A tensor product of irreducible modules for these VOAs admits the structure of an irreducible module for the toroidal extended affine Lie algebra. We also show that for N=12, the sub-VOA of the hyperbolic lattice VOA becomes an exceptional irreducible module for the extended affine Lie algebra of rank 0.
The Toroidal Lie algebras are n variable genaralizations of Affine Kac-Moody Lie algebras. As in the affine Lie algebras there exists finite order auto= morphisms corresponding to Dynkin diagram automorphisms. The fixed point sub= algebras are called twisted toroidal Lie algebras. In this paper we construt faithfull representations for the twisted toroidal Lie algebras (this includes the non-twisted case also) useing methods developed by Lepowsky-Wilson [LW]. This construction recovers the result by Eswara Rao-Moody [EM] in the homogeneous picture and by Yuly Billig [B1] in the principal pictu…
In this paper we study Weyl modules for a toroidal Lie algebra $\CT$ with arbitrary $n$ variables. Using the work of Rao \cite{1995}, we prove that the level one global Weyl modules of $\CT$ are isomorphic to suitable submodules of a Fock space representation of $\CT$ upto a twist. As an application, we compute the graded character of the level one local Weyl module of $\CT$, thereby generalising the work of Kodera \cite{ko}.
In this paper, we use basic formal variable techniques to study certain categories of modules for the toroidal Lie algebra $τ$. More specifically, we define and study two categories $\mathcal{E}_τ$ and $\mathcal{C}_τ$ of $τ$-modules using generating functions, where $\mathcal{E}_τ$ is proved to contain the evaluation modules while $\mathcal{C}_τ$ contains certain restricted $τ$-modules, the evaluation modules, and their tensor product modules. Furthermore, we classify the irreducible integrable modules in categories $\mathcal{E}_τ$ and $\mathcal{C}_τ$.
Let $\fg$ be any untwisted affine Kac-Moody algebra, $μ$ any fixed complex number, and $\wt\fg(μ)$ the corresponding toroidal extended affine Lie algebra of nullity two. For any $k$-tuple $\bmλ=(λ_1, \cdots, λ_k)$ of weights of $\fg$, and $k$-tuple $\bm{a}=(a_1,\cdots, a_k)$ of distinct non-zero complex numbers, we construct a class of modules $\wt V(\bmλ,\bm{a})$ for the extended affine Lie algebra $\wt\fg(μ)$. We prove that the $\wt\fg(μ)$-module $\wt V(\bmλ,\bm{a})$ is completely reducible. We also prove that the $\wt\fg(μ)$-module $\wt V(\bmλ,\bm{a})$ is integrable when all weights $λ_i$ i…
Let $\mathbb{C}_q$ be a non-commutative Laurent polynomial ring associated with a $(n+1)\times (n+1)$ rational quantum matrix $q$. Let $\mathfrak{sl}_d(\mathbb{C}_q)\oplus HC_1(\mathbb{C}_q)$ be the universal central extension of Lie subalgebra $\mathfrak{sl}_d(\mathbb{C}_q)$ of $\mathfrak{gl}_d(\mathbb{C}_q)$. Now let us take the Lie algebra $τ=\mathfrak{gl}_d(\mathbb{C}_q)\oplus HC_1(\mathbb{C}_q)$. Let $Der(\mathbb{C}_q)$ be the Lie algebra of all derivations of $\mathbb{C}_q$. Now we consider the Lie algebra $\tildeτ=τ\rtimes Der(\mathbb{C}_q)$, called as full toroidal Lie algebra co-ordin…
In this paper, we study modules for the Twisted Full Toroidal Lie Algebras (TFTLA). We define a category of bounded modules for TFTLA and classify all the irreducible modules in that category. A class of irreducible bounded modules are explicitly constructed by Michael Lau and Yuly Billig using Vertex operator algebras. We show that they exhaust all the irreducible bounded modules. Our plan is to describe the top spaces of the bounded irreducible modules for TFTLA and prove they in fact coincide with the top spaces of the modules constructed by Lau and Billig. When the top spaces become isomor…
We introduce a category B of bounded modules for the toroidal Lie algebras and study irreducible modules in B. We show that one of the irreducible modules in this category, L(T_0), admits a structure of a vertex operator algebra. We prove that L(T_0) factors into a tensor product of a sub-VOA of a hyperbolic lattice VOA and a simple VOA associated with a twisted Virasoro-affine Lie algebra. Every irreducible module in category B is a VOA module for a slightly larger VOA V(T_0). Knowing the structure of V(T_0), we are able to give explicit realizations for all irreducible modules in category B …
We identify level one global Weyl modules for toroidal Lie algebras with certain twists of modules constructed by Moody-Eswara Rao-Yokonuma via vertex operators for type ADE and by Iohara-Saito-Wakimoto and Eswara Rao for general type. The twist is given by an action of $\mathrm{SL}_{2}(\mathbb{Z})$ on the toroidal Lie algebra. As a byproduct, we obtain a formula for the character of the level one local Weyl module over the toroidal Lie algebra and that for the graded character of the level one graded local Weyl module over an affine analog of the current Lie algebra.
We use fermionic operators to construct toroidal Lie algebras of classical types, including in particular that of symplectic affine algebras, which is first realized by fermions.
In this paper, we relate the well-known Fock representations of the quantum toroidal algebra of sl(n) to the vertex, shuffle, and L-operator representations of the same algebra. These identifications generalize those for the quantum toroidal algebra of gl(1), which were recently established by Feigin-Jimbo-Miwa-Mukhin.
Generalizing Feingold-Frenkel's construction we use Weyl bosonic fields to construct toroidal Lie algebras of types $A_n, B_n$, $C_n$ and $D_n$ of level $-1, -2, -1/2$ and -2 respectively. In particular, our construction also gives new bosonic construction for the orthogonal Lie algebras in the cases of affine Lie algebras.
We construct vertex operator representations for the full (N+1)-toroidal Lie algebra g. We associate with g a toroidal vertex operator algebra, which is a tensor product of an affine VOA, a sub-VOA of a hyperbolic lattice VOA, affine sl(N) VOA and a twisted Heisenberg-Virasoro VOA. The modules for the toroidal VOA are also modules for the toroidal Lie algebra g. We also construct irreducible modules for an important subalgebra gdiv of the toroidal Lie algebra that corresponds to the divergence free vector fields. This subalgebra carries a non-degenerate invariant bilinear form. The VOA that co…
In this short note, we compute the classical limits of the quantum toroidal and the affine Yangian algebras of sl(n) by generalizing our arguments for gl(1) from arXiv:1404.5240. These results were mentioned as motivation in the recent study of toroidal algebras by [Feigin-Jimbo-Miwa-Mukhin], while they played a crucial role in the recent paper arXiv:1512.09109 of the author and Bershtein. An alternative proof of our key isomorphisms for n>2 was first established by [Varagnolo-Vasserot]. We also discuss some consequences of these results.
We consider general linear superalgebra (type A) and tensor with Laurent polynomial ring in several variables. We then consider the universal central extension of this Lie superalgebra which we call toroidal superalgebra. We give a faithful representation of toroidal superalgebra using vertex operators and bosons.
Highest weight modules of the double affine Lie algebra $\widehat{\widehat{\mathfrak{sl}}}_{2}$ are studied under a new triangular decomposition. Singular vectors of Verma modules are determined using a similar condition with horizontal affine Lie subalgebras, and highest weight modules are described under the condition that $c_1>0$ and $c_2=0$.
Let $\fg$ be an affine Kac-Moody algebra, and $μ$ a diagram automorphism of $\fg$. In this paper, we give an explicit realization for the universal central extension $\wh\fg[μ]$ of the twisted loop algebra of $\fg$ related to $μ$, which provides a Moody-Rao-Yokonuma presentation for the algebra $\wh\fg[μ]$ when $μ$ is non-transitive, and the presentation is indeed related to the quantization of toroidal Lie algebras.
We discuss the category $\cal I$ of level zero integrable representations of loop algebras and their generalizations. The category is not semisimple and so one is interested in its homological properties. We begin by looking at some approaches which are used in the study of other well--known non--semisimple categories in the representation theory of Lie algebras. This is done with a view to seeing if and how far these approaches can be made to work for $\cal I$. In the later sections we focus first on understanding the irreducible level zero modules and later on certain universal modules, the …
Quantum N-toroidal algebras are generalizations of quantum affine algebras and quantum toroidal algebras. In this paper we construct a level-one vertex representation of the quantum N-toroidal algebra for type C. In particular, we also obtain a level-one module of the quantum toroidal algebra for type C as a special case.
We construct a principally graded quantum loop algebra for the Kac-Moody algebra. As a special case a twisted analog of the quantum toroidal algebra is obtained together with the quantum Serre relations.
We present a novel differential-difference system in (2+1)-dimensional space-time (one discrete, two continuum), arisen from the Bogoyavlensky's (2+1)-dimensional KdV hierarchy. Our method is based on the bilinear identity of the hierarchy, which is related to the vertex operator representation of the toroidal Lie algebra $\sl_2^{tor}$.
We construct irreducible modules for twisted toroidal Lie algebras and extended affine Lie algebras. This is done by combining the representation theory of untwisted toroidal algebras with the technique of thin coverings of modules. We illustrate our method with examples of extended affine Lie algebras of Clifford type.
We study deformations of cluster algebras with several quantum parameters, called toroidal cluster algebras, which naturally appear in the study of Grothendieck rings of representations of quantum affine algebras. In this context, we construct toroidal Grothendieck rings and we establish these are flat deformations of Grothendieck rings. We prove that for a family of monoidal categories $\mathscr{C}_1$ of simply-laced quantum affine algebras categorifying finite-type cluster algebras, the toroidal Grothendieck ring has a natural structure of a toroidal cluster algebra.
We define integrable representations of quantum toroidal algebras of type A by tensor product, using the Drinfeld "coproduct". This allow us to recover the vector representations recently introduced by Feigin-Jimbo-Miwa-Mukhin [6] and constructed by the author [21] as a subfamily of extremal loop weight modules. In addition we get new extremal loop weight modules as subquotients of tensor powers of vector representations. As an application we obtain finite-dimensional representations of quantum toroidal algebras by specializing the quantum parameter at roots of unity.
The hierarchy structure associated with a (2+1)-dimensional Nonlinear Schroedinger equation is discussed as an extension of the theory of the KP hierarchy. Several methods to construct special solutions are given. The relation between the hierarchy and a representation of toroidal Lie algebras are established by using the language of free fermions. A relation to the self-dual Yang-Mills equation is also discussed.
In this paper, we continue the study on toroidal vertex algebras initiated in \cite{LTW}, to study concrete toroidal vertex algebras associated to toroidal Lie algebra $L_{r}(\hat{\frak{g}})=\hat{\frak{g}}\otimes L_r$, where $\hat{\frak{g}}$ is an untwisted affine Lie algebra and $L_r=$\mathbb{C}[t_{1}^{\pm 1},\ldots,t_{r}^{\pm 1}]$. We first construct an $(r+1)$-toroidal vertex algebra $V(T,0)$ and show that the category of restricted $L_{r}(\hat{\frak{g}})$-modules is canonically isomorphic to that of $V(T,0)$-modules.Let $c$ denote the standard central element of $\hat{\frak{g}}$ and set $S…
We define an algebra $\mathcal{U}_0$ using a simplified set of generators for the quantum toroidal algebra $U_q(sl_{n+1}, tor)$ and show that there exists an epimorphism from $\mathcal{U}_0$ to $U_q(sl_{n+1}, tor)$. We derive a closed formula of the comultiplication on the generators of $\mathcal{U}_0$ that extends that of the quantum affine algebra $U_q(\hat{sl}_{n+1})$. As a consequence, we show that $\mathcal{U}_0$ is a Hopf algebra for $n=1, 2$ and give conjectural formulas in the general case. We further show that $\mathcal{U}_0$ is isomorphic to a double algebra.
Quantum toroidal algebras (or double affine quantum algebras) are defined from quantum affine Kac-Moody algebras by using the Drinfeld quantum affinization process. They are quantum groups analogs of elliptic Cherednik algebras (elliptic double affine Hecke algebras) to whom they are related via Schur-Weyl duality. In this review paper, we give a glimpse on some aspects of their very rich representation theory in the context of general quantum affinizations. We illustrate with several examples. We also announce new results and explain possible further developments, in particular on finite dime…
In this paper, we prove that the quantum toroidal algebra of gl_n is isomorphic to the double shuffle algebra of Feigin and Odesskii for the cyclic quiver. The shuffle algebra viewpoint will allow us to prove a factorization formula for the universal R-matrix of the quantum toroidal algebra.
We study the ground states and left-excited states of the A_{k-1} N=(2,0) little string theory. Via a theorem by Atiyah [1], these sectors can be captured by a supersymmetric nonlinear sigma model on CP^1 with target space the based loop group of SU(k). The ground states, described by L^2-cohomology classes, form modules over an affine Lie algebra, while the left-excited states, described by chiral differential operators, form modules over a toroidal Lie algebra. We also apply our results to analyze the 1/2 and 1/4 BPS sectors of the M5-brane worldvolume theory.
We construct the twisted Fock module of quantum toroidal $\mathfrak{gl}_1$ algebra with a slope $n'/n$ using vertex operators of quantum affine $\mathfrak{gl}_n$. The proof is based on the $q$-wedge construction of an integrable level-one $U_q(\widehat{\mathfrak{gl}}_n)$-module and the representation theory of double affine Hecke algebra. The results are consistent with Gorsky-Neguţ conjecture (Kononov-Smirnov theorem) on stable envelopes for Hilbert schemes of points in the plane and can be viewed as a manifestation of $(\mathfrak{gl}_1,\mathfrak{gl}_n)$-duality.
This paper concerns the relation between the quantum toroidal algebras and the affine Yangians of $\mathfrak{sl}_n$, denoted by $\mathcal{U}^{(n)}_{q_1,q_2,q_3}$ and $\mathcal{Y}^{(n)}_{h_1,h_2,h_3}$, respectively. Our motivation arises from the milestone work of Gautam and Toledano Laredo, where a similar relation between the quantum loop algebra $U_q(L \mathfrak{g})$ and the Yangian $Y_h(\mathfrak{g})$ has been established by constructing an isomorphism of $\mathbb{C}[[\hbar]]$-algebras $Φ:\widehat{U}_{\exp(\hbar)}(L\mathfrak{g})\to \widehat{Y}_\hbar(\mathfrak{g})$ (with $\ \widehat{}\ $ sta…
The quiver Yangian, an infinite-dimensional algebra introduced recently in arXiv:2003.08909, is the algebra underlying BPS state counting problems for toric Calabi-Yau three-folds. We introduce trigonometric and elliptic analogues of quiver Yangians, which we call toroidal quiver algebras and elliptic quiver algebras, respectively. We construct the representations of the shifted toroidal and elliptic algebras in terms of the statistical model of crystal melting. We also derive the algebras and their representations from equivariant localization of three-dimensional $\mathcal{N}=2$ supersymmetr…
We study representations of the Loop Kac-Moody Lie algebra g \otimes A, where g is any Kac-Moody algebra and A is a ring of Laurent polynomials in n commuting variables. In particular, we study representations with finite dimensional weight spaces and their graded versions. When we specialize g to be a finite dimensional or affine Lie algebra we obtain modules for toroidal Lie algebras.
We classify the irreducible integrable modules for the twisted toroidal extended affine Lie algebras with fnite diemnsional weight spaces where the fnite dimensional center acts trivially. We have proved that the entire central extension part acts trivially on the modules and our modules turn out to be highest weight modules.
