I. Binder, M. Braverman, M. Yampolsky
It has been previously shown by two of the authors that some polynomial Julia sets are algorithmically impossible to draw with arbitrary magnification. On the other hand, for a large class of examples the problem of drawing a picture has polynomial complexity. In this paper we demonstrate the existence of computable quadratic Julia sets whose computational complexity is arbitrarily high.
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We prove here one of the claims of the author's thesis.
Let $f$ be a quadratic polynomial which has an irrationally indifferent fixed point $α$. Let $z$ be a biaccessible point in the Julia set of $f$. Then: 1. In the Siegel case, the orbit of $z$ must eventually hit the critical point of $f$. 2. In the Cremer case, the orbit of $z$ must eventually hit the fixed point $α$. Siegel polynomials with biaccessible critical point certainly exist, but in the Cremer case it is possible that biaccessible points can never exist. As a corollary, we conclude that the set of biaccessible points in the Julia set of a Siegel or Cremer quadratic polynomial has Bro…
Local Connectivity of Polynomial Julia sets at Bounded Type Siegel Boundaries
本文证明具有有界类型旋转数的 Siegel 盘不能被刺猬包含，并进一步证明若 Julia 集连通，则其在 Siegel 边界处局部连通。
Local connectivity of Julia sets of some rational maps with Siegel disks
本文证明有理映射长迭代在有界型Siegel盘边界附近扩张，借此将Petersen关于二次Siegel多项式Julia集局部连通性的结果推广至一般情形，且证明无需使用puzzles。
Local connectivity of Julia sets of some transcendental entire functions with Siegel disks
本文利用拟Blaschke乘积长迭代的弱扩张性质，证明了一类具有有界型Siegel盘的超越整函数Julia集局部连通，并给出正弦函数实例及含渐近值情形的存在性结果。
Arithmetic conditions for Julia sets to have positive area
针对边界不含临界点的带Cremer点或Siegel圆盘的二次多项式，研究人员利用Siegel返回机制与伪Siegel圆盘理论，给出其Julia集具有正面积的算术条件。
We completely characterize the conformal radii of Siegel disks in the family $$P_θ(z)=e^{2πiθ}z+z^2,$$ corresponding to {\bf computable} parameters $θ$. As a consequence, we constructively produce quadratic polynomials with {\bf non-computable} Julia sets.
On quadratic Siegel disks with a class of unbounded type rotation numbers
本文研究具有无界型旋转数Siegel盘的二次多项式，证明其Siegel盘边界点均为填充Julia集的Lebesgue密度点，推广了McMullen的有界型结果，还验证了拟共形手术标准候选模型的相关密度点性质，可用于构造更多正面积二次Julia集。
On the area rate of perturbed Siegel disks
本文研究了扰动Siegel盘的面积率，证明了在构造具有正面积的二次Julia集时，Buff和Chéritat对旋转数添加的限制性条件可以被删除，从而能够构造出更多此类Julia集。
We prove the existence of quadratic polynomials having a Julia set with positive Lebesgue measure in three cases: the presence of a Cremer fixed point, the presence of a Siegel disk, the presence of infinitely many (satellite) renormalizations.
Rigidity of bounded-type Siegel polynomials
本文研究了具有有界类型塞格尔盘的多项式刚性，证明了其朱利亚集的局部连通性和拟共形刚性，并验证了组合刚性猜想。
We show that under the definition of computability which is natural from the point of view of applications, there exist non-computable quadratic Julia sets.
Rigidity of bounded type cubic Siegel polynomials
本文证明有界型旋转数的不可重整化三次Siegel多项式的组合等价蕴含共形等价，并由此验证了Blokh-Oversteegen-Ptacek-Timorin关于Zakeri单参数切片中不可重整化映射轨迹拓扑结构的猜想。
We show that if a polynomial filled Julia set has empty interior, then it is computable.
Let $f$ be a rational map with degree $d\geq 2$ whose Julia set is connected but not equal to the whole Riemann sphere. It is proved that there exists a rational map $g$ such that $g$ contains a buried Julia component on which the dynamics is quasiconformally conjugate to that of $f$ on the Julia set if and only if $f$ does not have parabolic basins and Siegel disks. If such $g$ exists, then the degree can be chosen such that $\text{deg}(g)\leq 7d-2$. In particular, if $f$ is a polynomial, then $g$ can be chosen such that $\text{deg}(g)\leq 4d+4$. Moreover, some quartic and cubic rational maps…
We prove the existence of rational maps whose Julia sets are Sierpiński carpets having positive area. Such rational maps can be constructed such that they either contain a Cremer fixed point, a Siegel disk or are infinitely renormalizable. We also construct some Sierpiński carpet Julia sets with zero area but with Hausdorff dimension two. Moreover, for any given number $s\in(1,2)$, we prove the existence of Sierpiński carpet Julia sets having Hausdorff dimension exactly $s$.
Rational maps whose Julia sets are generalized Sierpiński gaskets
本文证明了包含Siegel盘、Cremer点或无穷次重正规化的有理映射也能产生广义Sierpiński垫圈Julia集，由此确立了正面积垫圈Julia集的存在性，并给出了判定其存在性的准则。
Sierpiński carpet Julia sets of transcendental entire functions
本文证明谢尔宾斯基地毯参数在有限型超越整函数族的双曲分支点集中稠密，并构造了具有此类 Julia 集且含吸引盆、抛物盆、Siegel 盘或游荡域的具体函数。
We show that there exist real parameters $c$ for which the Julia set $J_c$ of the quadratic map $z^2+c$ has arbitrarily high computational complexity. More precisely, we show that for any given complexity threshold $T(n)$, there exist a real parameter $c$ such that the computational complexity of computing $J_c$ with $n$ bits of precision is higher than $T(n)$. This is the first known class of real parameters with a non poly-time computable Julia set.
There exist uniformly quasiregular maps $f:\mathbb{R}^3 \to \mathbb{R}^3$ whose Julia sets are wild Cantor sets.
We find an abundance of Cremer Julia sets of an arbitrarily high computational complexity.
Julia Sets for Sequences of Monomials
研究黎曼球面上单项式非自治迭代产生的朱利亚集，通过系数和次数精确描述其相关朱利亚集，结合不变关系给出多种例子，并通过库拉托夫斯基极限阐述自治与非自治朱利亚集的联系。
In this paper we settle most of the open questions on algorithmic computability of Julia sets. In particular, we present an algorithm for constructing quadratics whose Julia sets are uncomputable. We also show that a filled Julia set of a polynomial is always computable.
We continue the study of constructing invariant Laplacians on Julia sets, and studying properties of their spectra. In this paper we focus on two types of examples: 1) Julia sets of cubic polynomials $z^3 + c$ with a single critical point; 2) formal matings of quadratic Julia sets. The general scheme introduced in earlier papers in this series involves realizing the Julia set as a circle with identifications, and attempting to obtain the Laplacian as a renormalized limit of graph Laplacians on graphs derived form the circle with identifications model. In the case of cubic Julia sets the detail…
In this paper, we give a family of rational maps whose Julia sets are Cantor circles and show that every rational map whose Julia set is a Cantor set of circles must be topologically conjugate to one map in this family on their corresponding Julia sets. In particular, we give the specific expressions of some rational maps whose Julia sets are Cantor circles, but they are not topologically conjugate to any McMullen maps on their Julia sets. Moreover, some non-hyperbolic rational maps whose Julia sets are Cantor circles are also constructed.
We extend results by Barnsley et al. about orthogonal polynomials on Julia sets to the case of generalized Julia sets. The equilibrium measure is considered. In addition, we discuss optimal smoothness of Green functions and Parreau-Widom criterion for a special family of real generalized Julia sets.
We give explicit examples of pairs of Julia sets of hyperbolic rational maps which are homeomorphic but not quasisymmetrically homeomorphic.
In this paper we characterize $\w$-limit sets of dendritic Julia sets for quadratic maps. We use Baldwin's symbolic representation of these spaces as a non-Hausdorff itinerary space and prove that quadratic maps with dendritic Julia sets have shadowing, and also that for all such maps, a closed invariant set is an $\w$-limit set of a point if, and only if, it is internally chain transitive.
We construct Feigenbaum quadratic polynomials whose Julia sets have positive Lebesgue measure. They provide first examples of rational maps for which the hyperbolic dimension is different from the Hausdorff dimension of the Julia set. The corresponding set of parameters has positive Hausdorff dimension.
We consider the symmetries of Julia sets of polynomial skew products on C^2, which are birationally conjugate to rotational products. Our main results give the classification of the polynomial skew products whose Julia sets have infinitely many symmetries.
Any finite union of disjoint, mutually exterior Jordan curves in the complex plane can be approximated arbitrarily well in the Hausdorff topology by polynomial Julia sets. Furthermore, the proof is constructive.
We prove that if $ξ$ is a quasisymmetric homeomorphism between Sierpiński carpets that are the Julia sets of postcritically-finite rational maps, then $ξ$ is the restriction of a Möbius transformation to the Julia set. This implies that the group of quasisymmetric homeomorphisms of a Sierpiński carpet Julia set of a postcritically-finite rational map is finite.
In this note we give answers to questions posed to us by J.Milnor and M.Shub, which shed further light on the structure of non-computable Julia sets.
We continue the description of Mandelbrot and Multibrot sets and of Julia sets in terms of fibers which was begun in IMS preprints 1998/12 and 1998/13a. The question of local connectivity of these sets is discussed in terms of fibers and becomes the question of triviality of fibers. In this paper, the focus is on the behavior of fibers under renormalization and other surgery procedures. We show that triviality of fibers of Mandelbrot and Multibrot sets is preserved under tuning maps and other (partial) homeomorphisms. Similarly, we show for unicritical polynomials that triviality of fibers of …
Rational maps with Cantor bubble Julia sets
本文研究有理映射中康托尔气泡Julia集的存在条件，构造了高周期吸引周期和二维Hausdorff维数的气泡Julia集，并给出其与康托尔圆气泡准对称等价的充分条件。
We consider the Hausdorff measure of Julia sets and escaping sets of exponential maps with respect to certain gauge functions. We give conditions on the growth of the gauge function which imply that the measure is zero or infinity, respectively.
We relate periodic and recurrent points in dendritic Julia sets. This generalizes well-known results for interval dynamics.
Using computer graphics and visualization algorithms, we extend in this work the results obtained analytically in [1], on the connectivity domains of alternated Julia sets, defined by switching the dynamics of two quadratic Julia sets. As proved in [1], the alternated Julia sets exhibit, as for polynomials of degree greater than two, the disconnectivity property in addition to the known dichotomy property (connectedness and totally disconnectedness) which characterizes the standard Julia sets. Via computer graphics, we unveil these connectivity domains which are four-dimensional fractals. The …
In this article, we introduce the adapted inverse iteration method to generate bicomplex Julia sets associated to the polynomial map $w^2+c$. The result is based on a full characterization of bicomplex Julia sets as the boundary of a particular bicomplex cartesian set and the study of the fixed points of $w^2+c$. The inverse iteration method is used in particular to generate and display in the usual 3-dimensional space bicomplex Julia sets that are dendrites.
For any polynomial diffeomorphism $f$ of ${\Bbb C}^2$ with positive entropy, neither the Julia set of $f$ nor of its inverse $f^{-1}$ is semi-analytic.
We prove that the Julia set of a rational map of the Riemann sphere satisfying the Collet-Eckmann condition and having no parabolic periodic point is mean porous, if it is not the whole sphere. It follows that the Minkowski dimension of the Julia set is less than 2.
The Fatou-Julia decomposition is significant in the study of iterations of holomorphic mappings. Such a decomposition can be also considered for foliations in a unified manner. Although the decomposition will be fundamental in the study, it is not easy to decide the decomposition. In this article, we give a sufficient condition for open sets to be contained in Fatou sets. We also discuss relations between Fatou--Julia decompositions and minimal sets.
Any Jordan curve in the complex plane can be approximated arbitrarily well in the Hausdorff topology by Julia sets of polynomials. Finite collections of disjoint Jordan domains can be approximated by the basins of attraction of rational maps.
For any polynomial diffeomorphism $f$ of $\mathbb{C}^2$ with positive entropy, neither the Julia set of $f$ nor of its inverse $f^{-1}$ is $C^1$ smooth as a manifold-with-boundary.
We give an introduction to buried points in Julia sets and a list of questions about buried points, written to encourage aficionados of topology and dynamics to work on these questions.
We investigate under which dynamical conditions the Julia set of a quadratic rational map is a Sierpiński curve
We investigate the set of biaccessible points for connected polynomial Julia sets of arbitrary degrees $d\geq 2$. We prove that the Hausdorff dimension of the set of external angles corresponding to biaccessible points is less than 1, unless the Julia set is an interval. This strengthens theorems of Stanislav Smirnov and Anna Zdunik: they proved that the same set of external angles has zero 1-dimensional measure.
Julia and Mandelbrot sets, which characterize bounded orbits in dynamical systems over the complex numbers, are classic examples of fractal sets. We investigate the analogs of these sets for dynamical systems over the hyperbolic numbers. Hyperbolic numbers, which have the form $x+τy$ for $x,y \in \mathbb{R}$, and $τ^2 = 1$ but $τ\neq \pm 1$, are the natural number system in which to encode geometric properties of the Minkowski space $\mathbb{R}^{1,1}$. We show that the hyperbolic analog of the Mandelbrot set parameterizes connectedness of hyperbolic Julia sets. We give a wall-and-chamber decom…
We show that the supremum for $c$ real of the Hausdorff dimension of the Julia set of the polynomial $z\mapsto z^d+c$ ($d$ is an even natural number) is greater than $2d/(d+1)$.
For any integers $d\ge 3$ and $n\ge 1$, we construct a hyperbolic rational map of degree $d$ such that it has $n$ cycles of the connected components of its Julia set except single points and Jordan curves.
Let $d(c)$ denote the Hausdorff dimension of the Julia set $J_c$ of the polynomial $f_c(z)=z^2+c$. We will investigate behavior of the function $d(c)$ when real parameter $c$ tends to a parabolic parameter.
Let $f:z\mapsto z^2+c$ be a quadratic polynomial whose Julia set $J$ is locally-connected of the set of biaccessible points in $J$ is zero except when $f(z)=z^2-2$ is the Chebyshev quadratic polynomial for which the corresponding measure is one.
We introduce new variants of the notion of geometric pressure for rational functions on the Riemann sphere, including non-hyperbolic functions, in the hope some of them occur useful to achieve a fast approximation from below of the hyperbolic Hausdorff dimension of Julia set.
Let $ R $ be a rational map with totally disconnected Julia set $ J(R). $ If the postcritical set on $ J(R) $ contains a non-persistently recurrent (or conical) point, then we show that the map $ R $ can not be a structurally stable map.
In this paper we introduce the notion of dynamical systems over the class of the normed real nonassociative algebras not necessarily finite-dimensional, generalize the classical filled Julia and Mandelbrot sets over the complex numbers, investigate their orbits and make a topological analysis. Applications of the obtained results are made.
Tricomplex Distance Estimation for Filled-in Julia Sets and Multibrot Sets
本文提出一种距离估计公式，用于光线追踪由形如 $η^p+c$ 的三复数多项式生成的填充 Julia 集与 Multibrot 集的三维切片。
In holomorphic semigroup dynamics, Julia set is in general backward invariant and so some fundamental results of classical complex dynamics can not be generalized to semigroup dynamics. In this paper, we define completely invariant Julia set of transcendental semigroup and we see how far the results of classical transcendental dynamics generalized to transcendental semigroup dynamics.
The long-standing problem of existence of nowhere dense rational Julia set with positive area has been solved by an example in quadratic polynomials by Buff and Chéritat. Since then many efforts have been devoted to finding out new classes of rational maps with nowhere dense Julia sets having positive area. So far, all known examples of this kind are renormalizable with only one exception which is a quadratic polynomial. In this paper, by developing a new approach, we prove that there exists a non-renormalizable cubic polynomial having a Julia set with positive area.
A tree, embedded into plane, is a dessin d'enfant and its Belyi function is a polynomial --- Shabat polynomial. The Zapponi form of this polynomial is unique, so we can correspond to an embedded tree the Julia set of its Shabat-Zapponi polynomial. In this purely experimental work we study relations between the form of a tree and properties (form, connectedness, Hausdorff dimension) of its Julia set.
We prove that a polynomial Julia set which is a finitely irreducible continuum is either an arc or an indecomposable continuum. For the more general case of rational functions, we give a topological model for the dynamics when the Julia set is an irreducible continuum and all indecomposable subcontinua have empty interior.
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