Pál Révész, Jay Rosen, Zhan Shi
Given an R^d-valued supercritical branching Wiener process, let D(A,T) be the number of particles in a subset A of R^d at time T, (T=0,1,2,...). We provide a complete asymptotic expansion of D(A,T) as T goes to infinity, generalizing the work of X.Chen.
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We present the product formula for complex multiple Wiener-Ito integrals. As applications, we show the Ustunel-Zakai independent criterion, the Nourdin-Rosinski asymptotic moment-independent criterion and joint convergence criterion for complex multiple Wiener-Ito integrals.
The branching Brownian sausage in $\mathbb{R}^d$ was defined by Engländer in [Stoch. Proc. Appl. 88 (2000)] similarly to the classical Wiener sausage, as the random subset of $\mathbb{R}^d$ scooped out by moving balls of fixed radius with centers following the trajectories of the particles of a branching Brownian motion (BBM). We consider a $d$-dimensional dyadic BBM, and study the large-time asymptotic behavior of the volume of the associated exponentially shrinking branching Brownian sausage (BBM-sausage). Using a previous result on the density of the support of BBM, and some well-known resu…
We consider the Wiener sausage for a Brownian motion up to time $t$ associated with a closed ball in even dimensional cases. We obtain the asymptotic expansion of the expected volume of the Wiener sausage for large $t$. The result says that the expansion has many $\log$ terms, which do not appear in odd dimensional cases.
We consider the Fokker-Planck equation on the abstract Wiener space associated to the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck operator. Using the Weitzenböck formula, we prove an explicit estimate on the time derivative of the entropy of the solution to the Fokker-Planck equation.
The random split tree introduced by Devroye (1999) is considered. We derive a second order expansion for the mean of its internal path length and furthermore obtain a limit law by the contraction method. As an assumption we need the splitter having a Lebesgue density and mass in every neighborhood of 1. We use properly stopped homogeneous Markov chains, for which limit results in total variation distance as well as renewal theory are used. Furthermore, we extend this method to obtain the corresponding results for the Wiener index.
This paper develops ideas from a previous paper described as `an appetizer for non-linear Wiener--Hopf theory', but is completely independent of that paper. It again considers only the simplest possible case in which the underlying motion of the branching particles is described by a two-state Markov chain. Key generating functions provide solutions of a simple two-dimensional dynamical system, and the main interest is in the way in which Probability Theory and ODE theory complement each other. ODE pictures convey rather strikingly a simple phase transition. No knowledge of either ODE theory or…
Let $F_n = (F_{1,n}, ....,F_{d,n})$, $n\geq 1$, be a sequence of random vectors such that, for every $j=1,...,d$, the random variable $F_{j,n}$ belongs to a fixed Wiener chaos of a Gaussian field. We show that, as $n\to\infty$, the components of $F_n$ are asymptotically independent if and only if ${\rm Cov}(F_{i,n}^2,F_{j,n}^2)\to 0$ for every $i\neq j$. Our findings are based on a novel inequality for vectors of multiple Wiener-Itô integrals, and represent a substantial refining of criteria for asymptotic independence in the sense of moments recently established by Nourdin and Rosinski.
We characterize the asymptotic independence between blocks consisting of multiple Wiener-Itô integrals. As a consequence of this characterization, we derive the celebrated fourth moment theorem of Nualart and Peccati, its multidimensional extension and other related results on the multivariate convergence of multiple Wiener-Itô integrals, that involve Gaussian and non Gaussian limits. We give applications to the study of the asymptotic behavior of functions of short and long-range dependent stationary Gaussian time series and establish the asymptotic independence for discrete non-Gaussian chao…
By combining the Malliavin calculus with Fourier techniques, we develop a high-order asymptotic expansion theory for a sequence of vector-valued random variables. Our asymptotic expansion formulas give the development of the characteristic functional and of the local density of the random vectors up to an arbitrary order. We analyzed in details an example related to the wave equation with space-time white noise which also provides interesting facts on the correlation structure of the solution to this equation.
We develop the asymptotic expansion theory for vector-valued sequences (F N) N $\ge$1 of random variables in terms of the convergence of the Stein-Malliavin matrix associated to the sequence F N. Our approach combines the classical Fourier approach and the recent theory on Stein method and Malliavin calculus. We find the second order term of the asymptotic expansion of the density of F N and we illustrate our results by several examples. 2010 AMS Classification Numbers: 62M09, 60F05, 62H12
Asymptotic distribution of the derivative of the taut string accompanying Wiener process
本文研究了Wiener过程在带状区域中伴随紧弦导数的渐近分布，并推导了该区域内绝对连续函数的最小能量表达式。
We prove an asymptotic Cramér's theorem, that is, if the sequence $(X_{n}+ Y_{n})_{n\geq 1}$ converges in law to the standard normal distribution and for every $n\geq 1$ the random variables $X_{n}$ and $Y_{n}$ are independent, then $(X_{n})_{n\geq 1}$ {\it and } $(Y_{n}) _{n\geq 1}$ converge in law to a normal distribution. Then we compare this result with recent criteria for the central convergence obtained in terms of Malliavin derivatives.
Chen [Ann. Appl. Probab. {\bf 11} (2001), 1242--1262] derived exact convergence rates in a central limit theorem and a local limit theorem for a supercritical branching Wiener process.We extend Chen's results to a branching random walk under weaker moment conditions. For the branching Wiener process, our results sharpen Chen's by relaxing the second moment condition used by Chen to a moment condition of the form $ \E X (\ln^+X )^{1+λ}< \infty$. In the rate functions that we find for a branching random walk, we figure out some new terms which didn't appear in Chen's work.The results are establi…
We derive the distribution of the center of mass $S$ of the integrated superBrownian excursion (ISE) {from} the asymptotic distribution of the Wiener index for simple trees. Equivalently, this is the distribution of the integral of a Brownian snake. A recursion formula for the moments and asymptotics for moments and tail probabilities are derived.
In an abstract Wiener space setting, we constract a rigorous mathematical model of the one-loop approximation of the perturbative Chern-Simons integral, and derive its explicit asymptotic expansion for stochastic Wilson lines.
We study the asymptotic behaviour of a properly normalized time changed Wiener processes. The time change reflects the fact that we consider the Laplace operator (which generates a Wiener process) multiplied by a possibly degenerate state-space dependent intensity $λ(x)$. Applying a functional limit theorem for the superposition of stochastic processes, we prove functional limit theorems for the normalized time changed Wiener process. The normalization depends on the asymptotic behaviour of the intensity function $λ$. One of the possible limits is a skew Brownian motion.
Brunet-Derrida particle systems, free boundary problems and Wiener-Hopf equations
本文研究Brunet-Derrida粒子系统的极限行为，证明其经验测度收敛到由自由边界积分微分方程描述的确定性过程，并刻画了旅行波解的存在性条件及其与Wiener-Hopf方程的联系。
In the context of a heat kernel diffusion which admits a Gaussian type estimate with parameter beta on a local Dirichlet space, we consider the log asymptotic behavior of the negative exponential moments of the Wiener sausage. We show that the log asymptotic behavior up to time t^{beta}V(x,t) is V(x,t), which is analogous to the Euclidean result. Here V(x,t) represents the mass of the ball of radius t about a point x of the local Dirichlet space. The proof uses a known coarse graining technique to obtain the upper asymptotic, but must be adapted to for use without translation invariance in thi…
Limit theorems are presented for the rescaled occupation time fluctuation process of a critical finite variance branching particle system in $\mathbb{R}^{d}$ with symmetric $α$-stable motion starting off from either a standard Poisson random field or the equilibrium distribution for critical $d=2α$ and large $d>2α$ dimensions. The limit processes are generalised Wiener processes. The obtained convergence is in space-time, finite-dimensional distributions sense. With the addtional assumption on the branching law we obtain functional convergence.
We investigate generalizations of the Cramér theorem. This theorem asserts that a Gaussian random variable can be decomposed into the sum of independent random variables if and only if they are Gaussian. We prove asymptotic counterparts of such decomposition results for multiple Wiener integrals and prove that similar results are true for the (asymptotic) decomposition of the semicircular distribution into free multiple Wigner integrals.
In this article we establish some estimates related to the Gaussian densities and to Hermite polynomials in order to obtain an almost sure estimate for each term of the Itô-Wiener expansion of the self-intersection local times of the Brownian motion. In dimension $d\geqslant 4$ the self-intersection local times of the Brownian motion can be considered as a family of measures on the classical Wiener space. We provide some asymptotics relative to these measures. Finally, we try to estimate the quadratic Wasserstein distance between these measures and the Wiener measure.
In this paper we consider a triangular array of branching processes with non-stationary immigration. We prove a weak convergence of properly normalized branching processes with immigration to deterministic function under assumption that immigration is rowwise $ψ-$mixing and the offspring mean tends to its critical value 1, immigration mean and variance controlled by regularly varying functions. Moreover, we obtain a fluctuation limit theorem for branching process with immigration when immigration is $m-$dependent where $m$ may tend to infinity with the row index at a certain rate. In this case…
On the minimal integral energy of majorants of the Wiener process
本文研究 Wiener 过程控制函数在一般能量函数 ψ 下的最小积分能量长时间渐近性，推广了二次动能情形，并证明对数增长情形是两类渐近机制之间的临界情形。
We consider a continuum percolation model on $\R^d$, where $d\geq 4$.The occupied set is given by the union of independent Wiener sausages with radius $r$ running up to time $t$ and whoseinitial points are distributed according to a homogeneous Poisson point process.It was established in a previous work by Erhard, Martínez and Poisat~\cite{EMP13} that (1) if $r$ is small enough there is a non-trivial percolation transitionin $t$ occuring at a critical time $t\_c(r)$ and (2) in the supercritical regime the unbounded cluster is unique. In this paper we investigate the asymptotic behaviour of the…
In this paper, we study the distribution of the so-called "Yule's nonsense correlation statistic" on a time interval $[0,T]$ for a time horizon $T>0$ , when $T$ is large, for a pair $(X_{1},X_{2})$ of independent Ornstein-Uhlenbeck processes. This statistic is by definition equal to : \begin{equation*} ρ(T):=\frac{Y_{12}(T)}{\sqrt{Y_{11}(T)}\sqrt{Y_{22}(T)}}, \end{equation*} where the random variables $Y_{ij}(T)$, $i,j=1,2$ are defined as \begin{equation*} Y_{ij}(T):=\int_{0}^{T}X_{i}(u)X_{j}(u)du-T\bar{X}_{i}\bar{X_{j}}, \bar{X}_{i}:=\frac{1}{T}\int_{0}^{T}X_{i}(u)du. \end{equation*} We assum…
The space-time distribution, $Q_A(x,dt dξ)$ say, of Brownian hitting of a bounded Borel set $A$ of the $d$-dimensional Euclidian space is studied. We derive the asymptotic form of the leading term of the time-derivative $Q_A(x, dtdξ)/dt$ for each $d =2, 3, ...$, valid uniformly with respect to the starting point $x$ of the Brownian motion, which result extends significantly the classical results for $Q_A(x, dt dξ)$ itself by Hunt ($d=2$), Joffe and Spitzer ($d= 3, 4,...$). The results are applied to find the asymptotic form of the expected volume of Wiener sausage for the Brownian bridge joini…
Let $W_i=\{W_i(t_i), t_i\in \R_+\}, i=1,2,\ldots,d$ are independent Wiener processes. $W=\{W(\mathbf{t}),t\in \R_+^d\}$ be the additive Wiener field define as the sum of $W_i$. For any trend $f$ in $\kHC$ (the reproducing kernel Hilbert Space of $W$), we derive upper and lower bounds for the boundary non-crossing probability $$P_f=P\{\sum_{i=1}^{d}W_i(t_i) +f(\mathbf{t})\leq u(\mathbf{t}), \mathbf{t}\in\R_+^d\},$$ where $u: \R_+^d\rightarrow \R_+$ is a measurable function. Furthermore, for large trend functions $γf>0$, we show that the asymptotically relation $\ln P_{γf}\sim \ln P_{γ\underline…
We consider the Wiener sausage among Poissonian obstacles. The obstacle is called hard if Brownian motion entering the obstacle is immediately killed, and is called soft if it is killed at certain rate. It is known that Brownian motion conditioned to survive among obstacles is confined in a ball near its starting point. We show the weak law of large numbers, large deviation principle in special cases and the moment asymptotics for the volume of the corresponding Wiener sausage. One of the consequence of our results is that the trajectory of Brownian motion almost fills the confinement ball.
We consider a branching system consisting of particles moving according to a Markov family in $\Rd$ and undergoing subcritical branching with a constant rate $V>0$. New particles immigrate to the system according to homogeneous space-time Poisson random field. The process of the fluctuations of the rescaled occupation time is studied with very mild assumptions on the Markov family. In this general setting a functional central limit theorem is proved. The subcriticality of the branching law is crucial for the limit behaviour and in a sense overwhelms the properties of the particles' motion. It …
In this note, we study the asymptotic behaviour near extinction of (sub-) critical continuous state branching processes. In particular, we establish an analogue of Khintchin's law of the iterated logarithm near extinction time for a continuous state branching process whose branching mechanism satisfies a given condition and its reflected process at its infimum.
We observe the Galton-Watson Branching Processes. Limit properties of transition functions and their convergence to invariant measures are investigated.
In this paper we provide explicit representations of Laplace transforms of extinction time and total progeny of rough continuous-state branching processes introduced in [7]. Also, we show that their tail distributions are much fatter than those of Feller branching diffusions.
Under the assumption that the initial population size of a Galton-Watson branching process increases to infinity, the paper studies asymptotic behavior of the population size before extinction. More specifically, we establish asymptotic properties of the conditional moments (which are exactly defined in the paper).
Functional limit theorems for a time-changed multidimensional Wiener process
本文研究强度函数在各卦限无穷远有不同极限的时间变换多维Wiener过程，利用随机过程叠加的泛函极限定理证明其归一化后的泛函极限定理，极限包含斜Brown运动的多维类似物。
Asymptotic behavior of the extremal position in a multi-type branching random walk with heavy-tailed displacements
本文研究了位移具有重尾的多类型分支随机游动，探讨了不可约与可约情形下最右粒子的渐近行为，并为不同设定确定了正确的归一化。
We observe the continuous-time Markov Branching Process without high-order moments and allowing Immigration. Limit properties of transition functions and their convergence to invariant measures are investigated. Main mathematical tool is regularly varying generating functions with remainder.
We write $R_n$ for the minimal position attained after time $n$ by a branching random walk in the boundary case. In this article, we prove that $R_n - \frac{1}{2} \log n$ converges in law toward a shifted Gumbel distribution.
We compute the posterior distributions of the initial population and parameter of binary branching processes, in the limit of a large number of generations. We compare this Bayesian procedure with a more naïve one, based on hitting times of some random walks. In both cases, central limit theorems are available, with explicit variances.
We study Karhunen-Loeve expansions of the process $(X_t^{(α)})_{t\in[0,T)}$ given by the stochastic differential equation $dX_t^{(α)} = -\fracα{T-t} X_t^{(α)} dt+ dB_t,$ $t\in[0,T),$ with an initial condition $X_0^{(α)}=0,$ where $α>0,$ $T\in(0,\infty)$ and $(B_t)_{t\geq 0}$ is a standard Wiener process. This process is called an $α$-Wiener bridge or a scaled Brownian bridge, and in the special case of $α=1$ the usual Wiener bridge. We present weighted and unweighted Karhunen-Loeve expansions of $X^{(α)}$. As applications, we calculate the Laplace transform and the distribution function of the…
We consider a slightly subcritical branching Brownian motion with absorption, where particles move as Brownian motions with drift $-\sqrt{2+2\varepsilon}$, undergo dyadic fission at rate $1$, and are killed when they reach the origin. We obtain a Yaglom type asymptotic result, showing that the long run expected number of particles conditioned on survival grows exponentially as $1/\sqrt{\varepsilon}$ as the process approaches criticality.
Scaling limits for continuous-time branching processes with discrete state space are provided as the initial state tends to infinity. Depending on the finiteness or non-finiteness of the mean and/or the variance of the offspring distribution, the limits are in general time-inhomogeneous Gaussian processes, time-inhomogeneous generalized Ornstein-Uhlenbeck type processes or continuous-state branching processes. We also provide transfer results showing how specific asymptotic relations for the probability generating function of the offspring distribution carry over to those of the one-dimensiona…
Critical catalytic branching random walk on d-dimensional integer lattice is investigated for all d. The branching may occur at the origin only and the start point is arbitrary. The asymptotic behavior, as time grows to infinity, is determined for the mean local particles numbers. The same problem is solved for the probability of particles presence at a fixed lattice point. Moreover, the Yaglom type limit theorem is established for the local number of particles. Our analysis involves construction of an auxiliary Bellman-Harris branching process with six types of particles. The proofs employ th…
In this paper, we investigate the asymptotic behaviors of the critical branching process with immigration $\{Z_n, n\ge 0\}$. First we get some estimation for the probability generating function of $Z_n$. Based on it, we get a large deviation for $Z_{n+1}/Z_n$. Lower and upper deviations for $Z_n$ are also studied. As a by-product, an upper deviation for $\max_{1\le i\le n} Z_i$ is obtained.
Haldane's asymptotics for supercritical branching processes in an iid random environment
本文研究了iid随机环境中轻微超临界分支过程的存活概率渐近衰减，证明了在远离临界状态时经典Haldane渐近性依然成立，并通过永续年金极限定理提供理论支撑。
Consider a discrete-time one-dimensional supercritical branching random walk. We study the probability that there exists an infinite ray in the branching random walk that always lies above the line of slope $γ-ε$, where $γ$ denotes the asymptotic speed of the right-most position in the branching random walk. Under mild general assumptions upon the distribution of the branching random walk, we prove that when $ε\to 0$, the probability in question decays like $\exp\{- {β+ o(1)\over ε^{1/2}}\}$, where $β$ is a positive constant depending on the distribution of the branching random walk. In the sp…
Under natural assumptions a Feller type diffusion approximation is derived for critical multi-type branching processes with immigration when the offspring mean matrix is primitive (in other words, positively regular). Namely, it is proved that a sequence of appropriately scaled random step functions formed from a sequence of critical primitive multi-type branching processes with immigration converges weakly towards a squared Bessel process supported by a ray determined by the Perron vector of the offspring mean matrix.
We consider a branching random walk on $\mathbb{R}$ with a killing barrier at zero. At criticality, the process becomes eventually extinct, and the total progeny $Z$ is therefore finite. We show that the tail distribution of $Z$ displays a typical behaviour in $(n\ln^2(n))^{-1}$, which confirms the prediction of Addario-Berry and Broutin.
Enhanced Asymptotic Analysis of Continuous-Time Markov Branching Systems: Revisiting Limiting Structural Theorems
本文研究连续时间马尔可夫分支-移民系统的转移函数渐近性质，改进已知极限定理，建立收敛速率并推导改进的渐近展开，放宽矩条件。
Under natural assumptions, a Feller type diffusion approximation is derived for critical, irreducible multi-type continuous state and continuous time branching processes with immigration. Namely, it is proved that a sequence of appropriately scaled random step functions formed from a critical, irreducible multi-type continuous state and continuous time branching process with immigration converges weakly towards a squared Bessel process supported by a ray determined by the Perron vector of a matrix related to the branching mechanism of the branching process in question.
In this article, we study the maximal displacement in a branching random walk. We prove that its asymptotic behaviour consists in a first almost sure ballistic term, a negative logarithmic correction in probability and stochastically bounded fluctuations. This result, proved by Addario-Berry and Reed, and Hu and Shi is given here under close-to-optimal integrability conditions. We provide simple proofs for this result, also deducing the genealogical structure of the individuals that are close to the maximal displacement.
Under a fourth order moment condition on the branching and a second order moment condition on the immigration mechanisms, we show that an appropriately scaled projection of a supercritical and irreducible continuous state and continuous time branching process with immigration on certain left non-Perron eigenvectors of the branching mean matrix is asymptotically mixed normal. With an appropriate random scaling, under some conditional probability measure, we prove asymptotic normality as well. In case of a non-trivial process, under a first order moment condition on the immigration mechanism, we…
We give short proofs of two classical results about the position of the extremal particle in a branching Brownian motion, one concerning the median position and another the almost sure behaviour.
We study two objects concerning the Wiener sausage among Poissonian obstacles. The first is the asymptotics for the \textit{replica overlap}, which is the intersection of two independent Wiener sausages. We show that it is asymptotically equal to their union. This result confirms that the localizing effect of the media is so strong as to completely determine the motional range of particles. The second is an estimate on the \textit{covering time}. It is known that the Wiener sausage avoiding Poissonian obstacles up to time $t$ is confined in some `clearing' ball near the origin and almost fills…
Optimal local central limit theorems on Wiener chaos
本文在韦纳混沌中研究了随机变量序列的局部中心极限定理，证明了密度函数收敛速率由第三和第四累积量的最大绝对值决定。
It is well-known that the maximal particle in a branching Brownian motion sits near $\sqrt2 t - \frac{3}{2\sqrt2}\log t$ at time $t$. One may then ask about the paths of particles near the frontier: how close can they stay to this critical curve? Two different approaches to this question have been developed. We improve upon the best-known bounds in each case, revealing new qualitative features including marked differences between the two approaches.
We consider a spatial branching process with emigration in which children either remain at the same site as their parents or migrate to new locations and then found their own colonies. We are interested in asymptotics of the partition of the total population into colonies for large populations with rare migrations. Under appropriate regimes, we establish weak convergence of the rescaled partition to some random measure that is constructed from the restriction of a Poisson point measure to a certain random region, and whose cumulant solves a simple integral equation.
More on the asymptotic behaviour of moments of branching Markov processes
本文研究了具有非局部分支机制的分支马尔可夫过程矩的渐近行为，推广了已有结果以允许非简单首特征值并研究高阶波动，为证明中心极限定理和扩展LLN结果奠定基础。
In this paper the asymptotic behavior of a critical multi-type branching process with immigration is described when the offspring mean matrix is irreducible, in other words, when the process is indecomposable. It is proved that sequences of appropriately scaled random step functions formed from periodic subsequences of a critical indecomposable multi-type branching process with immigration converge weakly towards a process supported by a ray determined by the Perron vector of the offspring mean matrix. The types can be partitioned into nonempty mutually disjoint subsets (according to communica…
On Asymptotic Behavior of Extinction Moment of Critical Bisexual Branching Process in Random Environment
研究独立同分布随机环境下的临界双性分支过程，证明从大量配对 $N$ 开始时其灭绝时间阶为 $\ln^2 N$，且该结论适用于包括一夫一妻、一夫多妻等一般交配函数。
We consider a branching Brownian motion in which binary fission takes place only when particles are at the origin at a rate β> 0 on the local time scale. We obtain results regarding the asymptotic behaviour of the number of particles above λt at time t, for λ> 0. As a corollary, we establish the almost sure asymptotic speed of the rightmost particle. We also prove a Strong Law of Large Numbers for this catalytic branching Brownian motion.
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