A nonlinear fourth-order parabolic equation in one space dimension with periodic boundary conditions is studied. This equation arises in the context of fluctuations of a stationary nonequilibrium interface and in the modeling of quantum semiconductor devices. The existence of global-in-time non-negative weak solutions is shown. A criterion for the uniqueness of non-negative weak solutions is given. Finally, it is proved that the solution converges exponentially fast to its mean value in the ``entropy norm'' using a new optimal logarithmic Sobolev inequality for higher derivatives.
New embeddings of weighted Sobolev spaces are established. Using such embeddings, we obtain the existence and regularity of positive solutions with Navier boundary value problems for a weighted fourth order elliptic equation. We also obtain Liouville type results for the related equation. Some problems are still open.
We present weighted Sobolev spaces and prove a trace theorem for the spaces. As an application, we discuss non-zero boundary value problems for parabolic equations. The weighted parabolic Sobolev spaces we consider are designed, in particular, for the regularity theory of stochastic partial differential equations on bounded domains.
We derive weighted Sobolev-Poincaré type inequalities in function spaces concerned with parabolic partial differential equations. We consider general weights depending on both space and time variables belonging to a Muckenhoupt class, so-called the parabolic $A_p$-class, where only the parabolic cubes are involved in the definition.
We consider time fractional parabolic equations in both divergence and non-divergence form when the leading coefficients $a^{ij}$ are measurable functions of $(t,x_1)$ except for $a^{11}$ which is a measurable function of either $t$ or $x_1$. We obtain the solvability in Sobolev spaces of the equations in the whole space, on a half space, or on a partially bounded domain. The proofs use a level set argument, a scaling argument, and embeddings in fractional parabolic Sobolev spaces for which we give a direct and elementary proof.
We prove weighted and mixed-norm Sobolev estimates for fully nonlinear elliptic and parabolic equations in the whole space under a relaxed convexity condition with almost VMO dependence on space-time variables. The corresponding interior and boundary estimates are also obtained.
In order to extend the blow-up criterion of solutions to the Euler equations, Kozono and Taniuchi have proved a logarithmic Sobolev inequality by means of isotropic (elliptic) $BMO$ norm. In this paper, we show a parabolic version of the Kozono-Taniuchi inequality by means of anisotropic (parabolic) $BMO$ norm. More precisely we give an upper bound for the $L^{\infty}$ norm of a function in terms of its parabolic $BMO$ norm, up to a logarithmic correction involving its norm in some Sobolev space. As an application, we also explain how to apply this inequality in order to establish a long-time …
In this note, we use the non-homogeneous Poisson stochastic process to show how knowing Schauder and Sobolev estimates for the one-dimensional heat equation allows one to derive their multidimensional analogs. The method is probability. We generalize the result of Krylov-Priola [7].
This article presents a relationship between the sharp constant of the Sobolev inequality and the initial criterion to the global existence of degenerate parabolic-parabolic Keller-Segel system with the diffusion exponent $\frac{2n}{2+n}<m<2-\frac{2}{n}$. The global weak solution obtained in this article does not need any smallness assumption on the initial data. Furthermore, a uniform in time $L^{\infty}$ estimate of the weak solutions is obtained via the Moser iteration, where the constant in $L^p$ estimate for the gradient of the chemical concentration has been exactly formulated in order t…
Second order parabolic equations in Sobolev spaces with mixed norms are studied. The leading coefficients (except $a^{11}$) are measurable in both time and one spatial variable, and VMO in the other spatial variables. The coefficient $a^{11}$ is measurable in time and VMO in the spatial variables. The unique solvability of equations in the whole space is applied to solving Dirichlet and oblique derivative problems for parabolic equations defined in a half-space.
We establish $L_{q,p}$-estimates and solvability for mixed Dirichlet-conormal problems for parabolic equations in a cylindrical Reifenberg-flat domain with a rough time-dependent separation.
In this article, for a fourth-order parabolic equation which is closely related for example to the Cahn-Hilliard equation, we study an inverse source problem by interior data and the continuation of solution from lateral Cauchy data. Our method relies on a Carleman estimate and proves conditional stability for both problems.
We prove the Lp,q-solvability of parabolic equations in divergence form with full lower-order terms. The coefficients and non-homogeneous terms belong to mixed Lebesgue spaces with the lowest integrability conditions. In particular, the coefficients for the lower-order terms are not necessarily bounded. We study both the Dirichlet and conormal derivative boundary value problems on irregular domains. We also prove embedding results for parabolic Sobolev spaces, the proof of which is of independent interest.
We consider an inhomogeneous initial-boundary value problem for a Petrovskii parabolic system of second order PDEs. We prove that this problem induces isomorphisms between appropriate anisotropic generalized Sobolev spaces. The regularity of these spaces are given by a pair of real numbers and by a function parameter. The latter allows us to characterize the regularity of solutions to the problem more finely as compared with anisotropic Sobolev spaces.
In this paper we present a weighted $L_p$-theory of parabolic systems on a half space. The leading coefficients are assumed to be only measurable in $t$ and have small bounded mean oscillations (BMO) with respect to $x$, and the lower order coefficients are allowed to blow up near the boundary.
We study the generation property for a fourth order operator in divergence or in non divergence form with suitable Neumann boundary conditions. As a consequence we obtain the well posedness for the parabolic equations governed by these operators. The novelty of this paper is that the operators depend on a function $a: [0,1] \rightarrow \R_+$ that degenerates somewhere in the interval.
The research monograph expounds the foundation of a new theory of parabolic initial-boundary-value problems in scales of generalized anisotropic Sobolev spaces. These scales are calibrated essentially more finely with the help of a function parameter of regularity than the classes of spaces used earlier in the theory of parabolic problems. The monograph is featured by the systematic application of the method of quadratic interpolation (with function parameter) between abstract and Sobolev inner product spaces. The monograph is intended for the researches, professors, PhD students, and senior s…
We study a class of fourth order nonlinear parabolic equations which include the thin-film equation and the quantum drift-diffusion model as special cases. We investigate these equations by first developing functional inequalities of the type $ \int_Ωu^{2γ-α-β}Δu^αΔu^βdx \geq c\int_Ω|Δu^γ|^2dx $, which seem to be of interest on their own right.
We prove the unique solvability in weighted Sobolev spaces of non-divergence form elliptic and parabolic equations on a half space with the homogeneous Neumann boundary condition. All the leading coefficients are assumed to be only measurable in the time variable and have small mean oscillations in the spatial variables. Our results can be applied to Neumann boundary value problems for {\em stochastic} partial differential equations with BMO$_x$ coefficients.
We study Sobolev estimates for the solutions of parabolic equations acting on a vector bundle, in a complete, compact or non compact, riemannian manifold $M.$ The idea is to introduce geometric weights on $M.$ We get global Sobolev estimates with these weights. As applications, we find and improve "classical results", i.e. results without weights, by use of a Theorem by Hebey and Herzlich. As an example we get Sobolev estimates for the solutions of the heat equation on $p$-forms when the manifold has "weak bounded geometry " of order $1$.
In this paper we establish optimal solvability results, that is, maximal regularity theorems, for the Cauchy problem for linear parabolic differential equations of arbitrary order acting on sections of tensor bundles over boundaryless complete Riemannian manifolds with bounded geometry. We employ an anisotropic extension of the Fourier multiplier theorem for arbitrary Besov spaces introduced in earlier by the author. This allows for a unified treatment of Sobolev-Slobodeckii and little Hölder spaces. In the flat case we recover classical results for Petrowskii-parabolic Cauchy problems.
We consider a quasilinear parabolic Cauchy problem with spatial anisotropy of orthotropic type and study the spatial localization of solutions. Assuming the initial datum is localized with respect to a coordinate having slow diffusion rate, we bound the corresponding directional velocity of the support along the flow. The expansion rate is shown to be optimal for large times.
We consider uniformly elliptic and parabolic second-order equations with bounded zeroth-order and bounded VMO leading coefficients and possibly growing first-order coefficients. We look for solutions which are summable to the $p$-th power with respect to the usual Lebesgue measure along with their first and second-order derivatives with respect to the spatial variable.
We consider both divergence and non-divergence parabolic equations on a half space in weighted Sobolev spaces. All the leading coefficients are assumed to be only measurable in the time and one spatial variable except one coefficient, which is assumed to be only measurable either in the time or the spatial variable. As functions of the other variables the coefficients have small bounded mean oscillation (BMO) semi-norms. The lower-order coefficients are allowed to blow up near the boundary with a certain optimal growth condition. As a corollary, we also obtain the corresponding results for ell…
We study the Cauchy problem for the semilinear heat equation with the singular potential, called the Hardy-Sobolev parabolic equation, in the energy space. The aim of this paper is to determine a necessary and sufficient condition on initial data below or at the ground state, under which the behavior of solutions is completely dichotomized. More precisely, the solution exists globally in time and its energy decays to zero in time, or it blows up in finite or infinite time. The result on the dichotomy for the corresponding Dirichlet problem is also shown as a by-product via comparison principle…
We establish existence, uniqueness, and arbitrary order Sobolev regularity results for the second order parabolic equations with measurable coefficients defined on the conic domains $D$ of the type $$ D(M):=\left\{x\in R^d :\,\frac{x}{|x|}\in M\right\}, \quad \quad M \subset S^{d-1}. $$ We obtain the regularity results by using a system of mixed weights consisting of appropriate powers of the distance to the vertex and of the distance to the boundary. We also provide the sharp ranges of admissible powers of the distance to the vertex and to the boundary.
This paper deals with a class of initial-boundary value problems for nonlinear fourth order parabolic systems with time dependent coefficients in a bounded domain $Ω\subset \mathbb{R}^N, N\geq 2$. Introducing suitable conditions on the source terms, we obtain a time interval $[0,T],$ where the solution remains bounded by deriving a lower bound $T$ of $t^*$. Moreover, we establish conditions on the shape of the spatial domain and on data sufficient to guarantee that the solution blows up in finite time $t^*$, deriving an upper bound for $t^*$.
In this paper we use an algebraic topological argument due to Bahri and Coron to show how the topology of the domain influences the existence of positive solutions of some fourth order elliptic equation involving the critical Sobolev exponent.
In the present paper, we establish sharp Sobolev estimates for solutions of fully nonlinear parabolic equations, under minimal, asymptotic, assumptions on the governing operator. In particular, we prove that solutions are in $W^{2,1;p}_{loc}$. Our argument unfolds by importing improved regularity from a limiting configuration. In this concrete case, we recur to the recession function associated with $F$. This machinery allows us to impose conditions solely on the original operator at the infinity of $\mathcal{S}(d)$. From a heuristic viewpoint, integral regularity would be set by the behavior …
We consider a general inhomogeneous parabolic initial-boundary value problem for a $2b$-parabolic differential equation given in a finite multidimensional cylinder. We investigate the solvability of this problem in some generalized anisotropic Sobolev spaces. They are parametrized with a pair of positive numbers $s$ and $s/(2b)$ and with a function $φ:[1,\infty)\to(0,\infty)$ that varies slowly at infinity. The function parameter $φ$ characterizes subordinate regularity of distributions with respect to the power regularity given by the number parameters. We prove that the operator correspondin…
We show among other things how knowing Schauder or Sobolev-space estimates for the one-dimensional heat equation allows one to derive their multidimensional analogs for equations with coefficients depending only on time variable with the {\em same\/} constants as in the case of the one-dimensional heat equation. The method is based on using the Poisson stochastic process. It looks like no other method is available at this time and it is a very challenging problem to find a purely analytic approach to proving such results.
A nonlinear parabolic equation of the fourth order is analyzed. The equation is characterized by a mobility coefficient that degenerates at 0. Existence of at least one weak solution is proved by using a regularization procedure and deducing suitable a-priori estimates. If a viscosity term is added and additional conditions on the nonlinear terms are assumed, then it is proved that any weak solution becomes instantaneously strictly positive. This in particular implies uniqueness for strictly positive times and further time-regularization properties. The long-time behavior of the problem is als…
In this paper we study the energy function associated to fourth order equations of critical growth on smooth compact conformally flat manifolds of dimension greater or equal than 5.
A degenerate fourth-order parabolic equation modeling condensation phenomena related to Bose-Einstein particles is analyzed. The model is a Fokker-Planck-type approximation of the Boltzmann-Nordheim equation, only keeping the leading order term. It maintains some of the main features of the kinetic model, namely mass and energy conservation and condensation at zero energy. The existence of a local-in-time nonnegative continuous weak solution is proven. If the solution is not global, it blows up with respect to the $L^\infty$ norm in finite time. The proof is based on approximation arguments, i…
We study the global strong solutions to a 3-dimensional parabolic-hyperbolic Keller-Segel model with initial data close to a stable equilibrium with perturbations belonging to $L^2(\mathbb R^3)\times H^1(\mathbb{R}^3)$. We obtain global well-posedness and decay property. Furthermore, if the mean value of initial cell density is smaller than a suitabale constant, then the chemical concentration decays exponentially to zero as $t$ goes to infinity. Proofs of the main results are based on an application of Fourier analysis method to uniform estimates for a linearized parabolic-hyperbolic system a…
In this paper we develop a Fefferman-Stein theorem, a Hardy-Littlewood theorem and sharp function estimations in weighted Sobolev spaces. We also provide uniqueness and existence results for second-order elliptic and parabolic partial differential systems in weighed Sobolev spaces.
Systems of parabolic, possibly degenerate parabolic SPDEs are considered. Existence and uniqueness are established in Sobolev spaces. Similar results are obtained for a class of equations generalizing the deterministic first order symmetric hyperbolic systems.
We continue the study on the transport properties of the Gaussian measures on Sobolev spaces under the dynamics of the cubic fourth order nonlinear Schrödinger equation. By considering the renormalized equation, we extend the quasi-invariance results in [30, 27] to Sobolev spaces of negative regularity. Our proof combines the approach introduced by Planchon, Tzvetkov, and Visciglia [35] with the normal form approach in [30, 27].
Remarks on some quasi-linear fourth order parabolic equations arising in mathematical physics
Basque Center for Applied Mathematics（巴斯克应用数学中心）；Ikerbasque – Basque Foundation for Science（伊卡巴斯科-巴斯克科学基金会）；Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ICJ UMR5208（克洛德·贝尔纳里昂大学，ICJ UMR5208）；Universidad de Cantabria（坎塔布里亚大学）；University of Sevilla（塞维利亚大学）；Université Lyon 1, Centrale Lyon, INSA Lyon, Université Jean Monnet, CNRS, ICJ UMR5208（里昂第一大学，中央里昂学院，里昂国立应用科学学院，让·穆兰大学，法国国家科学研究中心，ICJ UMR5208）
In this paper we study a crystal surface model first proposed by H.~Al Hajj Shehadeh, R.V.~Kohn, and J.~Weare (2011 Physica D, 240,1771-1784). By seeking a solution of a particular function form, we are led to a boundary value problem for a fourth-order nonlinear elliptic equation. The mathematical challenge of the problem is due to the fact that the degeneracy in the equation is directly imposed by one of the two boundary conditions. An existence theorem is established in which a meaningful mathematical interpretation of one of the boundary conditions remains open. Our proof seems to suggest …
We obtain $L_p$ estimates for fractional parabolic equations with space-time non-local operators $$ \partial_t^αu - Lu + λu= f \quad \mathrm{in} \quad (0,T) \times \mathbb{R}^d,$$ where $\partial_t^αu$ is the Caputo fractional derivative of order $α\in (0,1]$, $λ\ge 0$, $T\in (0,\infty)$, and $$Lu(t,x) := \int_{ \mathbb{R}^d} \bigg( u(t,x+y)-u(t,x) - y\cdot \nabla_xu(t,x)χ^{(σ)}(y)\bigg)K(t,x,y)\,dy $$ is an integro-differential operator in the spatial variables. Here we do not impose any regularity assumption on the kernel $K$ with respect to $t$ and $y$. We also derive a weighted mixed-norm …
We consider the Cauchy problem for the cubic fourth order nonlinear Schrödinger equation (4NLS) on the circle. In particular, we prove global well-posedness of the renormalized 4NLS in negative Sobolev spaces $H^s(\mathbb{T})$, $s > -\frac{1}{3}$, with enhanced uniqueness. The proof consists of two separate arguments. (i) We first prove global existence in $H^s(\mathbb{T})$, $s > -\frac{9}{20}$, via the short-time Fourier restriction norm method. By following the argument in Guo-Oh for the cubic NLS, this also leads to non-existence of solutions for the (non-renormalized) 4NLS in negative Sobo…
We consider the Cauchy problem for the fourth order cubic nonlinear Schrödinger equation (4NLS). The main goal of this paper is to prove low regularity well-posedness and mild ill-posedness for (4NLS). We prove three results. First, we show that (4NLS) is locally well-posed in $H^s\left(\mathbb{R}\right), s\geq -\frac{1}{2}$ using the Fourier restriction norm method. Second, we show that (4NLS) is globally well-posed in $H^s\left(\mathbb{R}\right),s\geq -\frac{1}{2}$. To prove this, we use the $I$-method with the correction term strategy presented in Colliander-Keel-Staffilani-Takaoka-Tao [7].…
A degenerate fourth-order parabolic equation modeling condensation phenomena related to Bose-Einstein particles is analyzed. The model is a Fokker-Planck-type approximation of the Boltzmann-Nordheim equation, only keeping the leading order term. It maintains some of the main features of the kinetic model, namely mass and energy conservation and condensation at zero energy. The existence of local-in-time weak solutions satisfying a certain entropy inequality is proven. The main result asserts that if a weighted $L^1$ norm of the initial data is sufficiently large and the initial data satisfies …
