In this paper, using Kronecker's theorem, we discuss the set of common fixed points of an n-parameter continuous semigroup of mappings. We also discuss convergence theorems to a common fixed point of an n-parameter nonexpansive semigroup.
In this paper we study fixed point properties for semitopological semigroup of nonexpansive mappings on a bounded closed convex subset of a Banach space. We also study a Schauder fixed point property for a semitopological semigroup of continuous mappings on a compact convex subset of a separated locally convex space. Such semigroups properly include the class of extremely left amenable semitopological semigroups, the free commutative semigroup on one generator and the bicyclic semigroup $S_1 = < a, b: ab = 1 >$.
In this paper, we prove the existence of a common fixed point in $C(K)$, the Chebyshev center of K, for a left reversible semigroup of isometry mappings. This existence result improves the results obtained by Lim et al. and Brodskii and Milman.
In this paper, we discuss characterizations of common fixed points of commutative semigroups of nonexpansive mappings. We next prove convergence theorems to a common fixed point. We finally discuss nonexpansive retractions onto the set of common fixed points. In our discussion, we may not assume the strict convexity of the Banach space.
The purpose of this paper is to give an updated survey on various algebraic and analytic properties of semigroups related to fixed point properties of semigroup actions on a non-empty closed convex subset of a Banach space or, more generally, a locally convex topological vector space.
We show a few fixed point theorems for semigroups acting on weakly compact convex subsets of Banach spaces when $LUC(S), AP(S), WAP(S)$ or $WAP(S)\cap LUC(S)$ have a left invariant mean. In particular, we give a characterization of semitopological semigroups that have a left invariant mean on the space of weakly almost periodic functions in terms of a fixed point property for nonexpansive mappings. It answers, in the case of Banach spaces, Question 4 of [A.T.-M. Lau, Y. Zhang, J. Funct. Anal. 263 (2012), 2949--2977] in affirmative. We also extend the fixed point theorem of R. Hsu from left rev…
The main purpose of this paper is to prove the mean ergodic theorem for nonexpansive mappings and semigroups in locally compact Hadamard spaces, including finite dimensional Hadamard manifolds. The main tool for proving ergodic convergence is the almost periodicity of orbits of a nonexpansive mapping. Therefore, in the first part of the paper, we study almost periodicity (and as a special case, periodicity) in metric and Hadamard spaces. Then, we prove a mean ergodic theorem for nonexpansive mappings and continuous semigroups of contractions in locally compact Hadamard spaces. Finally, an appl…
Suppose that S is a left amenable semitopological semigroup. We prove that if ${T_{t}: t \in S}$ is a uniformly k-Lipschitzian semigroup on a bounded closed and convex subset C of a Hilbert space and $k<\sqrt{2}$, then the set of fixed points of this semigroup is a Hölder continuous retract of C. This gives a qualitative complement to the Ishihara-Takahashi fixed point existence theorem.
In this paper, we prove the following theorem: Let {T(t) : t >= 0} be a one-parameter continuous semigroup of mappings on a subset C of a Banach space E. The set of fixed points of T(t) is denoted by F(T(t)) for each t >= 0. Then cap_{t >= 0} F(T(t)) = F(T(1)) cap F(T(sqrt 2)) holds. Using this theorem, we discuss convergence theorems to a common fixed point of {T(t) : t >= 0}.
In this note we study the differentiability with respect to the time-parameter of semigroups consisting of Lipschitzian or smooth self-mappings of a domain in a Banach space.
For a given bi-continuous semigroup T on a Banach space X we define its adjoint on an appropriate closed subspace X^o of the norm dual X'. Under some abstract conditions this adjoint semigroup is again bi-continuous with respect to the weak topology (X^o,X). An application is the following: For K a Polish space we consider operator semigroups on the space C(K) of bounded, continuous functions (endowed with the compact-open topology) and on the space M(K) of bounded Baire measures (endowed with the weak*-topology). We show that bi-continuous semigroups on M(K) are precisely those that are adjoi…
A well-known result of W. Ray asserts that if $C$ is an unbounded convex subset of a Hilbert space, then there is a nonexpansive mapping $T$: $C\to C$ that has no fixed point. In this paper we establish some common fixed point properties for a semitopological semigroup $S$ of nonexpansive mappings acting on a closed convex subset $C$ of a Hilbert space, assuming that there is a point $c\in C$ with a bounded orbit and assuming that certain subspace of $C_b(S)$ has a left invariant mean. Left invariant mean (or amenability) is an important notion in harmonic analysis of semigroups and groups int…
In this paper we prove a Hille-Yosida type theorem for relatively uniformly continuous positive semigroups on vector lattices. We introduce the notions of relatively uniformly continuous, differentiable, and integrable functions on $\mathbb{R}_+$. These notions allow us to study the generators of relatively uniformly continuous semigroups. Our main result provides sufficient and necessary conditions for an operator to be the generator of an exponentially order bounded, relatively uniformly continuous, positive semigroup.
Let S be a dense sub-semigroup of the positive real numbers, and let X be a separable, reflexive Banach space. This note contains a proof that every weakly continuous contractive semigroup of operators on X over S can be extended to a weakly continuous semigroup over the positive real numbers. We obtain similar results for non-linear, non-expansive semigroups as well. As a corollary we characterize all densely parametrized semigroups which are extendable to semigroups over the positive real numbers.
In this short note, we give some new results on continuous bounded cohomology groups of topological semigroups with values in complex field. We show that the second continuous bounded cohomology group of a compact metrizable semigroup, is a Banach space. Also, we study cohomology groups of amenable topological semigroups, and we show that cohomology groups of rank greater than one of a compact left or right amenable semigroup, are trivial. Also, we give some examples and applications about topological lattices.
In this paper we study continuous semigroups of positive operators on general vector lattices equipped with the relative uniform topology $τ_{ru}$. We introduce the notions of strong continuity with respect to $τ_{ru}$ and relative uniform continuity for semigroups. These notions allow us to study semigroups on non-locally convex spaces such as $L^p(\mathbb{R})$ for $0<p<1$ and non-complete spaces such as $Lip(\mathbb{R})$, $UC(\mathbb{R})$, and $C_c(\mathbb{R})$. We show that the (left) translation semigroup on the real line, the heat semigroup and some Koopman semigroups are relatively unifo…
We discuss positive Miyadera-Voigt type perturbations for bi-continuous semigroups on AL-spaces with an additional locally convex topology generated by additive seminorms. Our main example is the space of bounded Borel measures.
We prove that for a strongly continuous semigroup on the Fréchet space of all scalar sequences, its generator is a continuous linear operator and that the semigroup can be represented as exp(tA) where the exponential series converges in a very strong sense. This solves a problem posed by Conejero. Moreover, we improve recent results of Albanese, Bonet, and Ricker about semigroups on strict projective limits of Banach spaces.
We prove a Desch-Schappacher type perturbation theorem for one-parameter semigroups on Banach spaces which are not strongly continuous for the norm, but possess a weaker continuity property. In this paper we chose to work in the framework of bi-continuous semigroups. This choice has the advantage that we can treat in a unified manner two important classes of semigroups: implemented semigroups on the Banach algebra $\mathscr{L}(E)$ of bounded, linear operators on a Banach space $E$, and semigroups on the space of bounded and continuous functions over a Polish space induced by jointly continuous…
In this paper, we consider positive Desch-Schappacher perturbations of bi-continuous semigroups on $\mathrm{AM}$-spaces with an additional property concerning the additional locally convex topology. As an examples, we discuss perturbations of the left-translation semigroup on the space of bounded continuous function on the real line and on the space of bounded linear operators.
In this paper, we first study some properties peculiar to $C_{0}$--semigroups of continuous module homomorphisms and give a characterization for such a $C_{0}$--semigroup to be almost surely bounded. Then, based on these, we establish the Hille-Yosida generation theorem for almost surely bounded $C_{0}$--semigroups of continuous module homomorphisms, which generalizes some known results. Moreover, the counterexample constructed in this paper also shows that it is necessary to require the almost sure boundedness for such $C_{0}$--semigroups.
The goal of this article is to develop a theory for direct integrals of $C_0$-semigroups on Hilbert spaces parallel to the recent approach by Lachowicz and Moszyński for direct sums of Banach spaces, diagonal operators, and semigroups. In it we deal with the existence and characterisation of semigroups, asymptotic rates, and questions of decomposability.
We establish spectral inclusion and mapping theorems for scalar type spectral operators, generalizing their counterparts for normal operators. Thereby, we extend a precise weak spectral mapping theorem, known to hold for $C_0$-semigroups of normal operators on complex Hilbert spaces, to the more general case of $C_0$-semigroups of scalar type spectral operators on complex Banach spaces. The finer spectrum structure is given itemized consideration.
We introduce the concepts of growth and spectral bound for strongly continuous semigroups acting on Fréchet spaces and show that the Banach space inequality $s(A)\leqslantω_0(T)$ extends to the new setting. Via a concrete example of an even uniformly continuous semigroup we illustrate that for Fréchet spaces effects with respect to these bounds may happen that cannot occur on a Banach space.
In this paper we study the main properties of the Cesàro means of bi-continuous semigroups, introduced and studied by Kühnemund in [24]. We also give some applications to Feller semigroups generated by second-order elliptic differential operators with unbounded coefficients in $C_b(\R^N)$ and to evolution operators associated with nonautonomous second-order differential operators in $C_b(\R^N)$ with time-periodic coefficients.
We discuss the construction of the full Sobolev (Hölder) scale for non-densely defined operators on a Banach space with rays of minimal growth. In particular, we give a construction for extrapolation- and Favard spaces of generators of (bi-continuous) semigroups, or which is essentially the same, Hille-Yosida operators on Saks spaces.
We show that for graph Laplacians $Δ_G$ on a connected locally finite simplicial undirected graph $G$ with countable infinite vertex set $V$ none of the operators $α\,\mathrm{Id}+βΔ_G, α,β\in\mathbb{K},β\ne 0$, generate a strongly continuous semigroup on $\mathbb{K}^V$ when the latter is equipped with the product topology.
It is well known that weakly continuous semigroups defined over $\mathbb{R}_{+}$ are automatically strongly continuous. We extend this result to more generally defined semigroups, including multiparameter semigroups.
We study linear operators $T$ on Banach spaces for which there exists a $C_0$-semigroup $(T(t))_{t\geq 0}$ such that $T=T(1)$. We present a necessary condition in terms of the spectral value 0 and give classes of examples where this can or cannot be achieved.
These are the notes of a lecture given at the university of Wroclaw in 1996. We present results of semigroups of (sub)positive contractions on L^p-spaces. The dilation theorem of Akcoglue and sucheston is considered as a starting point. We construct a dilation of a strongly continuous semigroup of (sub)positive contractions on L^p-space, 1<p<infinity by a strongly continuous group of invertible isometries acting on some larger L^p-space. The transference results, for functions of the generators, are established as well as some square and maximal functions. This applies especially to sub-markov…
We consider continuous semigroups of analytic functions $\{Φ_t\}_{t\geq0}$ in the so-called Gordon-Hedenmalm class $\mathcal{G}$, that is, the family of analytic functions $Φ:\mathbb C_+\to \mathbb C_+$ giving rise to bounded composition operators in the Hardy space of Dirichlet series $\mathcal{H}^2$. We show that there is a one-to-one correspondence between continuous semigroups $\{Φ_{t}\}_{t\geq0}$ in the class $\mathcal G$ and strongly continuous semigroups of composition operators $\{T_t\}_{t\geq0}$, where $T_t(f)=f\circΦ_t$, $f\in\mathcal{H}^2$. We extend these results for the range $p\i…
This paper considers discrete and continuous semigroups of (weighted) composition operators on the Fock space. For discrete semigroups consisting of powers of a single operator, the asymptotic behaviour of the semigroups is analysed. For continuous semigroups and groups, a full classification of possible semigroups is given, and the generator is calculated.
It is folklore that a power bounded operator on a sequentially complete locally convex space generates a uniformly continuous $C_0$-semigroup which is given by the corresponding power series representation. Recently, Domański asked if in this result the assumption of being power bounded can be relaxed. We employ conditions introduced by Żelazko to give a weaker but still sufficient condition for generation and apply our results to operators on classical function and sequence spaces.
Norm estimates for strongly continuous semigroups have been successfully studied in numerous settings, but at the moment there are no corresponding studies in the case of solution operators of singular integral equations. Such equations have recently garnered a large amount of interest due to their potential to model numerous physically relevant phenomena with increased accuracy by incorporating so-called non-local effects. In this article, we provide the first step in the direction of providing such estimates for a particular class of operators which serve as solutions to certain integral equ…
We study continuity and equicontinuity of semigroups on norming dual pairs with respect to topologies defined in terms of the duality. In particular, we address the question whether continuity of a semigroup already implies (local/quasi) equicontinuity. We apply our results to transition semigroups and show that, under suitable hypothesis on $E$, every transition semigroup on $C_b(E)$ which is continuous with respect to the strict topology $β_0$ is automatically quasi-equicontinuous with respect to that topology. We also give several characterizations of $β_0$-continuous semigroups on $C_b(E)$…
We present a new and very short proof of the fact that, for positive $C_0$-semigroups on spaces of continuous functions, the spectral and the growth bound coincide. Our argument, inspired by an idea of Vogt, makes the role of the underlying space completely transparent and also works if the space does not contain the constant functions - a situation in which all earlier proofs become technically quite involved. We also show how the argument can be adapted to yield the same result for semigroups that are only eventually positive rather than positive.
We study frequent hypercyclicity in the context of strongly continuous semigroups of operators. More precisely, we give a criterion (sufficient condition) for a semigroup to be frequently hypercyclic, whose formulation depends on the Pettis integral. This criterion can be verified in certain cases in terms of the infinitesimal generator of semigroup. Applications are given for semigroups generated by Ornstein-Uhlenbeck operators, and especially for translation semigroups on weighted spaces of $p$-integrable functions, or continuous functions that, multiplied by the weight, vanish at infinity.
In this paper, we analyze recurrent $C_{0}$-semigroups of bounded operators on Banach spaces. We also introduce the notion of a (uniformly) $C_{0}$-rigid semigroups of bounded operators and give a structural characterization of them. A characterization of a Li-Yorke chaoticity of the translation semigroup $(T(t))_{t\geq 0}$ on weighted spaces of integrable functions and continuous functions in terms of admissible weight function is given. The recurrent $C_0$-semigroups induced by semiflows are characterized on the spaces of integrable functions and of spaces of continuous functions.
We present a spectral mapping theorem for continuous semigroups of operators on any Banach space $E$. The condition for the hyperbolicity of a semigroup on $E$ is given in terms of the generator of an evolutionary semigroup acting in the space of $E$-valued functions. The evolutionary semigroup generated by the propagator of a nonautonomous differential equation in $E$ is also studied. A ``discrete'' technique for the investigating of the evolutionary semigroup is developed and applied to describe the hyperbolicity (exponential dichotomy) of the nonautonomuos equation. File Length: 68K
We describe a class of topological vector spaces admitting a mixing uniformly continuous operator group ${T_t}_{t\in\C^n}$ with holomorphic dependence on the parameter $t$. This result covers those existing in the literature. We also describe a class of topological vector spaces admitting no supercyclic strongly continuous operator semigroups ${T_t}_{t\geq 0}$.
We study a nonlinear semigroup associated to a nonexpansive mapping on a Hadamard space and establish its weak convergence to a fixed point. A discrete-time counterpart of such a semigroup, the proximal point algorithm, turns out to have the same asymptotic behavior. This complements several results in the literature -- both classical and more recent ones. As an application, we obtain a new approach to heat flows in singular spaces for discrete, as well as continuous times.
The present paper is devoted to semigroups of nonexpansive mappings on metric spaces of nonpositive curvature. We show that the Mosco convergence of a sequence of convex lsc functions implies convergence of the corresponding resolvents and convergence of the gradient flow semigroups. This extends the classical results of Attouch, Brezis and Pazy into spaces with no linear structure. The same method can be further used to show the convergence of semigroups on a sequence of spaces, which solves a problem of [Kuwae and Shioya, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc., 2008].
We extend a few recent results of Górnicki (2011) asserting that the set of fixed points of an asymptotically regular mapping is a retract of its domain. In particular, we prove that in some cases the resulting retraction is Hölder continuous. We also characterise Bynum's coefficients and the Opial modulus in terms of nets.
We give an overview of the F-product construction and the corresponding nonstandard constructions for strongly continuous one-parameter semigroups of linear operators, and show that (in the case of bounded ultrapowers) both constructs are isomorphic. From this we also deduce a "classical" corollary about the nonexistace of certain semigroups.
Stability of weighted composition strongly continuous semigroups acting on Lebesgue and Sobolev spaces is studied, without the use of spectral conditions on the generator of the semigroup. Applications to the generalized von Foerster - Lasota semigroup and a comparison with hypercylicity conditions are presented.\
A general approach to transference principles for discrete and continuous operator (semi)groups is described. This allows to recover the classical transference results of Calderón, Coifman and Weiss and of Berkson, Gillespie and Muhly and the more recent one of the author. The method is applied to derive a new transference principle for (discrete and continuous) operator semigroups that need not be groups. As an application, functional calculus estimates for bounded operators with at most polynomially growing powers are derived, culminating in a new proof of classical results by Peller from 19…
We study transport processes on infinite metric graphs with non-constant velocities and matrix boundary conditions in the $\\mathrm{L}^{\infty}$-setting. We apply the theory of bi-continuous operator semigroups to obtain well-posedness of the problem under different assumptions on the velocities and for general stochastic matrices appearing in the boundary conditions.
In this paper, we discuss the fixed point property for an infinite family of order-preserving mappings which satisfy the Lipschitzian condition on comparable pairs. The underlying framework of our main results is a metric space of any global upper curvature bound $κ\in \mathbb{R}$, i.e., a $\rm{CAT}(κ)$ space. In particular, we prove the existence of a fixed point for a nonexpasive semigroup on comparable pairs. Then, we propose and analyze two algorithms to approximate such a fixed point.
Let $Δ$ be the Jacobi Laplacian. We study the chaotic and hypercyclic behaviour of the strongly continuous semigroups of operators generated by perturbations of $Δ$ with a multiple of the identity on $L^p$ spaces.
A mapping $f:(G_1,[ ]_1)\to (G_2,[ ]_2)$ between ternary semigroups will be called a ternary homomorphism if $f([xyz]_1)=[f(x)f(y)f(z)]_2$. In this paper, we prove the generalized Hyers--Ulam--Rassias stability of mappings of commutative semigroups into Banach spaces. In addition, we establish the superstability of ternary homomorphisms into Banach algebras endowed with multiplicative norms.
For locally compact Hausdorff spaces $X$ and $Y$, and function algebras $A$ and $B$ on $X$ and $Y$, respectively, surjections $T:A \longrightarrow B$ satisfying norm multiplicative condition $\|Tf\, Tg\|_Y =\|fg\|_X$, $f,g\in A$, with respect to the supremum norms, and those satisfying $\||Tf|+|Tg|\|_Y=\||f|+|g|\|_X$ have been extensively studied. Motivated by this, we consider certain (multiplicative or additive) subsemigroups $A$ and $B$ of $C_0(X)$ and $C_0(Y)$, respectively, and study surjections $T: A \longrightarrow B$ satisfying the norm condition $ρ(Tf, Tg)=ρ(f,g)$, $f,g \in A$, for so…