In this paper, we discuss characterizations of common fixed points of commutative semigroups of nonexpansive mappings. We next prove convergence theorems to a common fixed point. We finally discuss nonexpansive retractions onto the set of common fixed points. In our discussion, we may not assume the strict convexity of the Banach space.
Let $S$ be a semitopological semigroup, and let $C$ be a nonempty closed convex subset of a reflexive Banach space. Under some amenability conditions on $S$, we provide existence results of fixed points for several Bregman nonexpansive type actions $S\times C\to C$, $(s,x)\mapsto T_s x$, of $S$ on $C$. The mappings $T_s$ we discuss include those being Bregman generalized hybrid, Bregman nonspreading, and Bregman left asymptotically nonexpansive.
The main purpose of this paper is to prove the mean ergodic theorem for nonexpansive mappings and semigroups in locally compact Hadamard spaces, including finite dimensional Hadamard manifolds. The main tool for proving ergodic convergence is the almost periodicity of orbits of a nonexpansive mapping. Therefore, in the first part of the paper, we study almost periodicity (and as a special case, periodicity) in metric and Hadamard spaces. Then, we prove a mean ergodic theorem for nonexpansive mappings and continuous semigroups of contractions in locally compact Hadamard spaces. Finally, an appl…
We show a few fixed point theorems for semigroups acting on weakly compact convex subsets of Banach spaces when $LUC(S), AP(S), WAP(S)$ or $WAP(S)\cap LUC(S)$ have a left invariant mean. In particular, we give a characterization of semitopological semigroups that have a left invariant mean on the space of weakly almost periodic functions in terms of a fixed point property for nonexpansive mappings. It answers, in the case of Banach spaces, Question 4 of [A.T.-M. Lau, Y. Zhang, J. Funct. Anal. 263 (2012), 2949--2977] in affirmative. We also extend the fixed point theorem of R. Hsu from left rev…
Let $S$ be a right reversible semitopological semigroup, and let $\operatorname{LUC}(S)$ be the space of left uniformly continuous functions on $S$. Suppose that $\operatorname{LUC}(S)$ has a left invariant mean. Let $K$ be a weakly compact convex subset of a Banach space. We show that there always exists a common fixed point for any jointly weakly continuous and super asymptotically nonexpansive action of $S$ on $K$. Several variances involving the weak* compactness, the RNP, the distality of $K$ and/or the left reversibility of $S$ are also provided.
In this paper, we discuss the fixed point property for an infinite family of order-preserving mappings which satisfy the Lipschitzian condition on comparable pairs. The underlying framework of our main results is a metric space of any global upper curvature bound $κ\in \mathbb{R}$, i.e., a $\rm{CAT}(κ)$ space. In particular, we prove the existence of a fixed point for a nonexpasive semigroup on comparable pairs. Then, we propose and analyze two algorithms to approximate such a fixed point.
Let LUC$(S)$ be the space of left uniformly continuous functions on a semitopological semigroup $S$. Suppose that $S$ is right reversible and $\operatorname{LUC}(S)$ has a left invariant mean. Let $(X,d)$ be a Fréchet space. Let $τ$ be a locally convex topology of $X$ weaker than the $d$-topology such that the metric $d$ is $τ$-lower semicontinuous. Let $K$ be a $d$--separable and $τ$--compact convex subset of $X$. We show that every jointly $τ$-continuous and super asymptotically $d$-nonexpansive action $S\times K\mapsto K$ of $S$ has a common fixed point. Similar results in the locally conve…
Suppose that Q is a family of seminorms on a locally convex space E which determines the topology of E. We study the existence of Q-nonexpansive retractions for families of Q-nonexpansive mappings and prove that a separated and sequentially complete locally convex space $E$ that has the weak fixed point property, has the weak fixed point property for commuting separable semitopological semigroups of Q-nonexpansive mappings. This proves the Bruck's problem [5] for locally convex spaces. Moreover, we prove the existence of Q-nonexpansive retractions for the right amenable Q-nonexpansive semigrou…
We characterize amenability of subspaces of $C(S)$, where $S$ is a semitopological semigroup, in terms of fixed point properties of nonexpansive actions. In particular, we give a complete characterization of a semitopological semigroup with a left invariant mean on WAP(S) that answers a question of A.T.-M. Lau and Y. Zhang in the affirmative. We also propose a new approach to Lau's problem concerning a counterpart of Day-Mitchell's characterization of amenable semigroups and show some partial results, in the case of weak$^{\ast }$ compact convex sets with the Radon-Nikodým property, and in the…
In this paper, we prove a mean ergodic theorem for nonexpansive mappings in Hadamard (nonpositive curvature metric) spaces, which extends the Baillon nonlinear ergodic theorem. The main result shows that the sequence given by the Karcher means of iterations of a nonexpansive mapping with a nonempty fixed point set converges weakly to a fixed point of the mapping. This result also remains true for a 1-parameter continuous semigroup of contractions.
It is shown that if $S$ is a commuting family of weak$^{\ast }$ continuous nonexpansive mappings acting on a weak$^{\ast }$ compact convex subset $C$ of the dual Banach space $E$, then the set of common fixed points of $S$ is a nonempty nonexpansive retract of $C$. This partially solves a long-standing open problem in metric fixed point theory in the case of commutative semigroups.
The purpose of this paper is to study an implicit scheme for a representation of nonexpansive mappings on a closed convex subset of a smooth and uniformly convex Banach space with respect to a left regular sequence of means defined on an appropriate space of bounded real valued functions of the semigroup. This algorithm extends the algorithm that introduced in [N. Hussain, M. L. Bami and E. Soori, An implicit method for finding a common fixed point of a representation of nonexpansive mappings in Banach spaces, Fixed Point Theory and Applications 2014, 2014:238].
In this paper, using Kronecker's theorem, we discuss the set of common fixed points of an n-parameter continuous semigroup of mappings. We also discuss convergence theorems to a common fixed point of an n-parameter nonexpansive semigroup.
A well-known result of W. Ray asserts that if $C$ is an unbounded convex subset of a Hilbert space, then there is a nonexpansive mapping $T$: $C\to C$ that has no fixed point. In this paper we establish some common fixed point properties for a semitopological semigroup $S$ of nonexpansive mappings acting on a closed convex subset $C$ of a Hilbert space, assuming that there is a point $c\in C$ with a bounded orbit and assuming that certain subspace of $C_b(S)$ has a left invariant mean. Left invariant mean (or amenability) is an important notion in harmonic analysis of semigroups and groups int…
In this paper we study fixed point properties for semitopological semigroup of nonexpansive mappings on a bounded closed convex subset of a Banach space. We also study a Schauder fixed point property for a semitopological semigroup of continuous mappings on a compact convex subset of a separated locally convex space. Such semigroups properly include the class of extremely left amenable semitopological semigroups, the free commutative semigroup on one generator and the bicyclic semigroup $S_1 = < a, b: ab = 1 >$.
We study a nonlinear semigroup associated to a nonexpansive mapping on a Hadamard space and establish its weak convergence to a fixed point. A discrete-time counterpart of such a semigroup, the proximal point algorithm, turns out to have the same asymptotic behavior. This complements several results in the literature -- both classical and more recent ones. As an application, we obtain a new approach to heat flows in singular spaces for discrete, as well as continuous times.
The present paper is devoted to semigroups of nonexpansive mappings on metric spaces of nonpositive curvature. We show that the Mosco convergence of a sequence of convex lsc functions implies convergence of the corresponding resolvents and convergence of the gradient flow semigroups. This extends the classical results of Attouch, Brezis and Pazy into spaces with no linear structure. The same method can be further used to show the convergence of semigroups on a sequence of spaces, which solves a problem of [Kuwae and Shioya, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc., 2008].
In this paper, we discuss about monotone vector fields, which is a typical extension to the theory of convex functions, by exploiting the tangent space structure. This new approach to monotonicity in CAT(0) spaces stands in opposed to the monotonicity defined earlier in CAT(0) spaces by Khatibzadeh and Ranjbar [14] and Chaipunya and Kumam [8]. In particular, this new concept extends the theory from both Hilbert spaces and Hadamard manifolds, while the known concept barely has any obvious relationship to the theory in Hadamard manifolds. We also study the corresponding resolvents and Yosida app…
Let $ \sc=\{T_{s}:s\in S\} $ be a representation of a semigroup $S$. First, we prove that the mapping $T_μ$ introduced by a mean on a subspace of $l^{\infty}(S)$ has many properties of the mappings in the representation $ \sc$, in Banach spaces. Then we consider a directed graph and then we define a $Q$-$G$-nonexpansive mapping in locally convex spaces and show that $T_μ$ is a $Q$-$G$-nonexpansive mapping if $T_{s}$ is a $Q$-$G$-nonexpansive mapping for each $s\in S$. Then we define $Q$-$G$-attractive point of $ \sc$ and show if a point $a$ is a $Q$-$G$-attractive point of $ \sc$ then $a$ is a…
Let $X$ be a partially ordered set with the property that each family of order intervals of the form $[a,b],[a,\rightarrow )$ with the finite intersection property has a nonempty intersection. We show that every directed subset of $X$ has a supremum. Then we apply the above result to prove that if $X$ is a topological space with a partial order $\preceq $ for which the order intervals are compact, $\mathcal{F}$ a nonempty commutative family of monotone maps from $X$ into $X$ and there exists $c\in X$ such that $c\preceq Tc$ for every $T\in \mathcal{F}$, then the set of common fixed points of $…
In the paper, we describe all total orders $\succ$ compatible with addition on additive subsemigroup $S$ of finite dimensional spaces over rational numbers. We provide a necessary and sufficient condition under which a finitely generated semigroups $S$ equipped with an order $\succ$ is a well-ordered set. We also present some auxiliary results on orders compatible with addition on additive subsemigroups of finite dimensional spaces over real numbers. All arguments in this paper are based on two simple theorems in the geometry of convex (not necessarily closed) sets. Proofs of these theorems ar…
For any finite unital commutative idempotent semigroup S, a unital semilattice, we show how to compute the amenability constant of its semigroup algebra l^1(S), which is always of the form 4n+1. We then show that these give lower bounds to amenability constants of certain Banach algebras graded over semilattices. We show that there is no commutative semilattice with amenability constant between 5 and 9.
Let $S$ be a commutative semigroup, $K$ a quadratically closed commutative field of characteristic different from $2$, $G$ a $2$-cancellative abelian group and $H$ an abelian group uniquely divisible by $2$. The aim of this paper is to determine the general solution $f:S^2\to K$ of the d'Alembert type equation: $$ f(x+y,z+w)+f(x+σ(y),z+τ(w)) =2f(x,z)f(y,w),\quad\quad (x,y,z,w\in S) $$ the general solution $f:S^2\to G$ of the Jensen type equation: $$ f(x+y,z+w)+f(x+σ(y),z+τ(w)) =2f(x,z),\quad\quad (x,y,z,w\in S) $$ the general solution $f:S^2\to H$ of the quadratic type equation quation: $$ f(x…
We show that there are no nontrivial surjective uniformly asymptotically regular mappings acting on a metric space and derive some consequences of this fact. In particular, we prove that a jointly continuous left amenable or left reversible semigroup generated by firmly nonexpansive mappings on a bounded $τ$-compact subset of a Banach space has a common fixed point, and give a qualitative complement to the Markov-Kakutani theorem.
A mapping $f:(G_1,[ ]_1)\to (G_2,[ ]_2)$ between ternary semigroups will be called a ternary homomorphism if $f([xyz]_1)=[f(x)f(y)f(z)]_2$. In this paper, we prove the generalized Hyers--Ulam--Rassias stability of mappings of commutative semigroups into Banach spaces. In addition, we establish the superstability of ternary homomorphisms into Banach algebras endowed with multiplicative norms.