We investigate Gorenstein toric Fano varieties by combinatorial methods using the notion of a reflexive polytope which appeared in connection to mirror symmetry. The paper contains generalisations of tools and previously known results for nonsingular toric Fano varieties. As applications we obtain new classification results, bounds of invariants and formulate conjectures concerning combinatorial and geometrical properties of reflexive polytopes.
We give a characterizaion of Gorenstein toric Fano $n$-folds with index $n-1$, which is called Gorenstein toric Del Pezzo $n$-folds, among toric varieties. In practice, we obtain a condition for a lattice $n$-polytope to be a Gorenstein Fano polytope. In our proof, we do not use Batyrev-Juny's classification of Gorenstein Fano polytopes.
We give a characterization of Gorenstein toric Fano varieties of dimension $n$ with index $n$ among toric varieties. As an application, we give a strong version of Fujita's freeness conjecture and also give a simple proof of Fujita's very ampleness conjecture on Gorenstein toric varieties.
A $n$-dimensional Gorenstein toric Fano variety $X$ is called Del Pezzo variety if the anticanonical class $-K_X$ is a $(n-1)$-multiple of a Cartier divisor. Our purpose is to give a complete biregular classfication of Gorenstein toric Del Pezzo varieties in arbitrary dimension $n \geq 2$. We show that up to isomorphism there exist exactly 37 Gorenstein toric Del Pezzo varieties of dimension $n$ which are not cones over $(n-1)$-dimensional Gorenstein toric Del Pezzo varieties. Our results are closely related to the classification of all Minkowski sum decompositions of reflexive polygons due to…
A necessary condition for the existence of torus-equivariant crepant resolutions of Gorenstein toric singularities can be derived by making use of a variant of the classical Upper Bound Theorem which is valid for simplicial balls.
Q-factorial Gorenstein toric Fano varieties X of dimension d with Picard number rho(X) correspond to simplicial reflexive d-polytopes with rho(X)+d vertices. Casagrande showed that any simplicial reflexive d-polytope has at most 3d vertices, if d is even, respectively, 3d-1, if d is odd. Moreover, it is known that equality for d even implies uniqueness up to unimodular equivalence. In this paper we completely classify all simplicial reflexive d-polytopes having 3d-1 vertices, corresponding to d-dimensional Q-factorial Gorenstein toric Fano varieties with Picard number 2d-1. For d even, there e…
We characterize building sets whose associated nonsingular projective toric varieties are Fano. Furthermore, we show that all such toric Fano varieties are obtained from smooth Fano polytopes associated to finite directed graphs.
This article gives an overview of toric Fano and toric weak Fano varieties associated to graphs and building sets. We also study some properties of such toric Fano varieties and discuss related topics.
In this paper we explain the complete biregular classification of all 4-dimensional smooth toric Fano varieties. The main result states that there exist exactly 123 different types of toric Fano 4-folds up to isomorphism.
We give a necessary and sufficient condition for the nonsingular projective toric variety associated to a finite simple graph to be Fano or weak Fano in terms of the graph.
We give a necessary and sufficient condition for the nonsingular projective toric variety associated to the graph cubeahedron of a finite simple graph to be Fano or weak Fano in terms of the graph.
An inductive approach to classifying toric Fano varieties is given. As an application of this technique, we present a classification of the toric Fano threefolds with at worst canonical singularities. Up to isomorphism, there are 674,688 such varieties.
We give a necessary and sufficient condition for the nonsingular projective toric variety associated to a building set to be weak Fano in terms of the building set.
The correspondence between Gorenstein Fano toric varieties and reflexive polytopes has been generalized by Ilten and Süß to a correspondence between Gorenstein Fano complexity-one $T$-varieties and Fano divisorial polytopes. Motivated by the finiteness of reflexive polytopes in fixed dimension, we show that over a fixed base polytope, there are only finitely many Fano divisorial polytopes, up to equivalence. We classify two-dimensional Fano divisorial polytopes, recovering Huggenberger's classification of Gorenstein del Pezzo $\mathbb{K}^*$-surfaces. Furthermore, we show that any three-dimensi…
We obtain a combinatorial description of Gorenstein spherical Fano varieties in terms of certain polytopes, generalizing the combinatorial description of Gorenstein toric Fano varieties by reflexive polytopes and its extension to Gorenstein horospherical Fano varieties due to Pasquier. Using this description, we show that the rank of the Picard group of an arbitrary $d$-dimensional $\mathbb{Q}$-factorial Gorenstein spherical Fano variety is bounded by $2d$. This paper also contains an overview of the description of the natural representative of the anticanonical divisor class of a spherical va…
We classify the non-toric, $\mathbb Q$-factorial, Gorenstein, log terminal Fano threefolds of Picard number one that admit an effective action of a two-dimensional algebraic torus.
We classify some special classes of non-rational Fano threefolds with terminal singularities. In particular, all such hyperelliptic and trigonal varieties are found.
We obtain a classification of a Q-factorial Q-Fano 3-fold $X$ with the following properties: the Picard number of $X$ is 1; the Gorenstein index of $X$ is 2; the Fano index of $X$ is 1/2; $h^0 (-K_X) \geq 4$; there exists an index 2 point $P$ such that $(X,P)\simeq (\{xy +f(z^2,u)=0\} / \Bbb Z_2 (1,1,1,0), o)$ with $ord f(Z,U)=1$.
We classify nonrational Fano threefolds $X$ with terminal Gorenstein singularities such that $\mathrm{\rk}\, \mathrm{\Pic}(X)=1$, $(-K_X)^3\ge 8$, and $\mathrm{\rk}\, \mathrm{\Cl}(X)\le 2$.
A. Borisov classified into finitely many series the set of isomorphism classes of germs of toric $\Q$-factorial singularities, of fixed dimension and with minimal log discrepancy over the special point bounded from below by a fixed real number. We extend this classification to germs of toric Fano fibrations, possibly not $\Q$-factorial. As an application, we verify in the toric setting a conjecture proposed by V. V. Shokurov on the existence of bounded complements.
We describe the non-Gorenstein loci of normal toric varieties. In the case of Hibi rings a combinatorial description is provided in terms of the underlying partially ordered set. As a non-toric application we compute the dimensions of the non-Gorenstein loci of the first secant variety of Segre varieties.
We present a combinatorial criterion on reflexive polytopes of dimension 3 which gives a local-to-global obstruction for the smoothability of the corresponding Fano toric threefolds. As a result, we show examples of singular Gorenstein Fano toric threefolds which have compound Du Val, hence smoothable, singularities but are not smoothable.
We show that finitely generated Cox rings are Gorenstein. This leads to a refined characterization of varieties of Fano type: they are exactly those projective varieties with Gorenstein canonical quasicone Cox ring. We then show that for varieties of Fano type and Kawamata log terminal quasicones, iteration of Cox rings is finite with factorial master Cox ring. Moreover, we prove a relative version of Cox ring iteration for almost principal solvable $G$-bundles.
This paper classifies all toric Fano 3-folds with terminal singularities. This is achieved by solving the equivalent combinatoric problem; that of finding, up to the action of GL(3,Z), all convex polytopes in Z^3 which contain the origin as the only non-vertex lattice point.
A central question in liaison theory asks whether every Cohen-Macaulay, graded ideal of a standard graded K-algebra belongs to the same G-liaison class of a complete intersection. In this paper we answer this question positively for toric ideals defining edge subrings of bipartite graphs.
We construct some new deformation families of four-dimensional Fano manifolds of index $1$ in some known classes of Gorenstein formats. These families have explicit descriptions in terms of equations, defining their image under the anti-canonical embedding in some weighted projective space. The constructed families have relatively smaller anti-canonical degrees than most other known families of smooth Fano 4-folds.
Given a reductive group $G$ and a parabolic subgroup $P\subset G$, with maximaltorus $T$, we consider (following Dabrowski's work) the closure $X$ of a generic $T$-orbit in $G/P$, and determine in combinatorial termswhen the toric variety $X$ is $\mathbb{Q}$-Gorenstein Fano, extending in this way the classification of smooth Fano generic closures given by Voskresenski\uı and Klyachko. As an application, we apply the well known correspondence between Gorenstein Fano toric varieties and reflexive polytopes in order to exhibit which reflexive polytopes correspond to generic closures -- this list …
We consider Fano threefolds $X$ with canonical Gorenstein singularities. Under additional assumption that $X$ has at least one non-cDV point we prove a sharp bound of the degree: $-K_X^3\le 72$.
We propose a refined but natural notion of toric degenerations that respect a given embedding and show that within this framework a Gorenstein Fano variety can only be degenerated to a Gorenstein Fano toric variety if it is embedded via its anticanonical embedding. This also gives a precise criterion for reflexive polytopes to appear, which might be required for applications in mirror symmetry. For the proof of this statement we will study polytopes whose polar dual is a lattice polytope. As a byproduct we generalize a connection between the number of lattice points in a rational convex polyto…
Let $X$ be a Gorenstein canonical Fano variety of coindex $4$ and dimension $n$ with $H$ fundamental divisor. Assume $h^0(X, H) \geq n -2$. We prove that a general element of the linear system $|mH|$ has at worst canonical singularities for any integer $m \geq 1$. When $X$ has terminal singularities and $n \geq 5$, we show that a general element of $|mH|$ has at worst terminal singularities for any integer $m \geq 1$. When $n=4$, we give an example of Gorenstein terminal Fano fourfold $X$ such that a general element of $|H|$ does not have terminal singularities.
Let $Δ$ be a $3$-dimensional lattice polytope containing exactly one interior lattice point. We give a simple combinatorial formula for computing the stringy $E$-function of the $3$-dimensional canonical toric Fano variety $X_Δ$ associated with the polytope $Δ$. Using the stringy Libgober-Wood identity and our formula, we generalize the well-known combinatorial identity $\sum_{θ\preceq Δ\atop \dim (θ) =1} v(θ) \cdot v(θ^*) = 24$ holding in the case of $3$-dimensional reflexive polytopes $Δ$.
We introduce the notion of cracked polytope, and - making use of joint work with Coates and Kasprzyk - construct the associated toric variety $X$ as a subvariety of a non-singular toric variety $Y$ under certain conditions. Restricting to the case in which this subvariety is a complete intersection, we present a sufficient condition for a smoothing of $X$ to exist inside $Y$. We exhibit a relative anti-canonical divisor for this smoothing of $X$, and show that the general member is simple normal crossings.
We propose a combinatorical duality for lattice polyhedra which conjecturally gives rise to the pairs of mirror symmetric families of Calabi-Yau complete intersections in toric Fano varieties with Gorenstein singularities. Our construction is a generalization of the polar duality proposed by Batyrev for the case of hypersurfaces.
We completely classify toric weakened Fano 3-folds, that is, smooth toric weak Fano 3-folds which are not Fano but are deformed to smooth Fano 3-folds. There exist exactly 15 toric weakened Fano 3-folds up to isomorphisms.
There exist exactly 166 4-dimensional reflexive polytopes such that the corresponding 4-dimensional Gorenstein toric Fano varieties have at worst terminal singularities in codimension 3 and their anticanonical divisor is divisible by 2. For every such a polytope, one naturally obtains a family of Fano hypersurfaces X with at worst conifold singularities. A generic 3-dimensional Fano hypersurface X can be interpreted as a flat conifold degeneration of some smooth Fano 3-folds Y whose classification up to deformation was obtained by Iskovskikh, Mori and Mukai. In this case, both Fano varieties X…
We give equivalent and sufficient criteria for the automorphism group of a complete toric variety, respectively a Gorenstein toric Fano variety, to be reductive. In particular we show that the automorphism group of a Gorenstein toric Fano variety is reductive, if the barycenter of the associated reflexive polytope is zero. Furthermore a sharp bound on the dimension of the reductive automorphism group of a complete toric variety is proven by studying the set of Demazure roots.
This paper studies the defect of terminal Gorenstein Fano 3 folds. I determine a bound on the defect of terminal Gorenstein Fano 3-folds of Picard rank 1 that do not contain a plane. I give a general bound for quartic 3-folds and indicate how to study the defect of terminal Gorenstein Fano 3-folds with Picard rank 1 that contain a plane.
We explain a web of Sarkisov links that overlies the classification of Fano weighted projective spaces in dimensions 3 and 4, extending results of Prokhorov.
In this paper, we introduce the notion of toric special weak Fano manifolds, which have only special primitive crepant contractions. We study the structure of them, and in particular completely classify smooth toric special weak Fano 4-folds. As a result, we can confirm that almost every smooth toric special weak Fano 4-fold is a weakened Fano manifold, that is, a weak Fano manifold which can be deformed to a Fano manifold.
We obtain 866 isomorphism classes of five-dimensional nonsingular toric Fano varieties using a computer program and the database of four-dimensional reflexive polytopes. The algorithm is based on the existence of facets of Fano polytopes having small integral distance from any vertex.
We state two conjectures that together allow one to describe the set of smoothing components of a Gorenstein toric affine 3-fold in terms of a combinatorially defined and easily studied set of Laurent polynomials called 0-mutable polynomials. We explain the origin of the conjectures in mirror symmetry and present some of the evidence.
In this note we report on examples of 7- and 8-dimensional toric Fano manifolds that are not symmetric and still admit a Kaehler-Einstein metric. This answers a question first posed by V.V. Batyrev and E. Selivanova. The examples were found in the classification of toric Fano manifolds up to dimension 8 obtained by M. Oebro. We also discuss related open questions and conjectures.
For affine toric varieties, the vector space T1 (containing the infinitesimal deformations) will be interpreted via Minkowski summands of cross cuts of the defining polyhedral cone. This result will be applied to study the deformation theory of (in particular non-isolated) three-dimensional Gorenstein singularities.
