We prove that every nonabelian free group has a finitely generated isolated subgroup which is not separable in the class of nilpotent groups.
This enables us to give a negative answer to the following question by D.I. Moldavanskii in the "Kourovka Notebook": Is it true that any finitely generated $p'$--isolated subgroup of a free group is separable in the class of finite $p$--groups?
A group $G$ is called subgroup conjugacy separable if for every pair of non-conjugate finitely generated subgroups of $G$, there exists a finite quotient of $G$ where the images of these subgroups are not conjugate. It is proved that the fundamental group of a hyperbolic 3-manifold (closed or with cusps) is subgroup conjugacy separable.
Let $π$ be a set of primes. We show that $π$-separable groups have a conjugacy class of subgroups which specialize to Carter subgroups, i.e. self-normalizing nilpotent subgroups, or equivalently, nilpotent projectors, when specializing to soluble groups.
A group $G$ is called subgroup conjugacy separable if for every pair of non-conjugate finitely generated subgroups of $G$, there exists a finite quotient of $G$ where the images of these subgroups are not conjugate. We prove that limit groups are subgroup conjugacy separable. We also prove this property for one relator groups of the form $R=\langle a_1,...,a_n\mid W^n\rangle$ with $n>|W|$. The property is also proved for virtual retracts (equivalently for quasiconvex subgroups) of hyperbolic virtually special groups.
In this note, we prove that separable subgroups have bounded packing in ambient groups. The notion bounded packing was introduced by Hruska and Wise and in particular, our result answers positively a question of theirs, asking whether each subgroup of a virtually polycyclic group has the bounded packing property.
We explore the extent to which constructing the inductive theory of $\mathfrak{X}$-submaximal subgroups is possible. To this end, we study the behavior of $π$-submaximal subgroups under homomorphisms with $π$-separable kernels and construct examples where such behavior is irregular.
We prove that cyclic subgroup separability is preserved under exponential completion for groups that belong to a class that includes all coherent RAAGs and toral relatively hyperbolic groups; we do so by exploiting the structure of these completions as iterated free products with commuting subgroups. From this we deduce that the cyclic subgroups of limit groups over coherent RAAGs are separable, answering a question of Casals-Ruiz, Duncan and Kazachov. We also discuss relations between free products with commuting subgroups and the word problem, and recover the fact that limit groups over cohe…
Let N be a finitely generated normal subgroup of a Gromov hyperbolic group G. We establish criteria for N to have solvable conjugacy problem and be conjugacy separable in terms of the corresponding properties of G/N. We show that the hyperbolic group from F. Haglund's and D. Wise's version of Rips's construction is hereditarily conjugacy separable. We then use this construction to produce first examples of finitely generated and finitely presented conjugacy separable groups that contain non-(conjugacy separable) subgroups of finite index.
A word hyperbolic group $G$ is called GFERF if every quasiconvex subgroup coincides with the intersection of finite index subgroups containing it. We show that in any such group, the product of finitely many quasiconvex subgroups is closed in the profinite topology on $G$.
We prove that every free metabelian non--cyclic group has a finitely generated isolated subgroup which is not separable in the class of nilpotent groups. As a corollary we prove that for every prime number $p$ an arbitrary free metabelian non--cyclic group has a finitely generated $p'$--isolated subgroup which is not $p$--separable.
Elementarily free groups are the finitely generated groups with the same elementary theory as free groups. We prove that elementarily free groups are subgroup separable, answering a question of Zlil Sela.
Reid asked whether all convex-cocompact subgroups of mapping class groups are separable. Using a construction of Manning-Mj-Sageev, we give examples of separable convex-cocompact subgroups that are free of arbitrary finite rank, while prior examples seem to all be virtually cyclic.
We find a condition on the underlying graph of an Artin group that fully determines if it is subgroup separable. As a consequence, an Artin group is subgroup separable if and only if it can be obtained from Artin groups of ranks at most 2 via a finite sequence of free products and direct products with the infinite cyclic group. This result generalizes the Metaftsis-Raptis criterion for Right-Angled Artin groups.
Free products of two residually finite groups with amalgamated retracts are considered. It is proved that a cyclic subgroup of such a group is not finitely separable if, and only if, it is conjugated with a subgroup of a free factor which is not finitely separable in this factor. A similar result is obtained for the case of separability in the class of finite p-groups.
The residual closure of a subgroup $H$ of a group $G$ is the intersection of all virtually normal subgroups of $G$ containing $H$. We show that if $G$ is generated by finitely many cosets of $H$ and if $H$ is commensurated, then the residual closure of $H$ in $G$ is virtually normal. This implies that separable commensurated subgroups of finitely generated groups are virtually normal. A stream of applications to separable subgroups, polycyclic groups, residually finite groups, groups acting on trees, lattices in products of trees and just-infinite groups then flows from this main result.
Let G be the free product of groups A and B with commuting subgroups H \leqslant A and K \leqslant B, and let C be the class of all finite groups or the class of all finite p-groups. We derive the description of all C-separable cyclic subgroups of G provided this group is residually a C-group. We prove, in particular, that if A, B are finitely generated nilpotent groups and H, K are p'-isolated in the free factors, then all p'-isolated cyclic subgroups of G are separable in the class of all finite p-groups. The same statement is true provided A, B are free and H, K are p'-isolated and cyclic.
We prove that torsion free subgroups of PGL(2,C) (abstractly) commensurable with the Euclidean Bianchi groups are conjugacy separable. As a consequence we deduce the result stated in the title.
In this paper, we give a complete characterization on which finitely generated subgroups of finitely generated $3$-manifold groups are separable. Our characterization generalizes Liu's spirality character on $π_1$-injective immersed surface subgroups of closed $3$-manifold groups. A consequence of our characterization is that, for any compact, orientable, irreducible and $\partial$-irreducible $3$-manifold $M$ with nontrivial torus decomposition, $π_1(M)$ is LERF if and only if for any two adjacent pieces in the torus decomposition of $M$, at least one of them has a boundary component with gen…
A well known theorem of Burns and Romanovskii states that a free product of subgroup separable groups is itself subgroup separable. We provide a proof using the language of immersions and coverings of graphs of groups, due to Bass.
A topological space is called {\it dense-separable} if each dense subset of its is separable. Therefore, each dense-separable space is separable. We establish some basic properties of dense-separable topological groups. We prove that each separable space with a countable tightness is dense-separable, and give a dense-separable topological group which is not hereditarily separable. We also prove that, for a Hausdorff locally compact group , it is locally dense-separable iff it is metrizable. Moreover, we study dense-subgroup-separable topological groups. We prove that, for each compact torsion …
It is proved that all finitely generated subgroups of generalized free product of two groups are finitely separable provided that free factors have this property and amalgamated subgroups are normal in corresponding factors and satisfy the maximum condition for subgroups.
We prove that the finitely presentable subgroups of residually free groups are separable and that the subgroups of type $\mathrm{FP}_\infty$ are virtual retracts. We describe a uniform solution to the membership problem for finitely presentable subgroups of residually free groups.
We prove that one-relator groups with torsion are hereditarily conjugacy separable. Our argument is based on a combination of recent results of Dani Wise and the first author. As a corollary we obtain that any quasiconvex subgroup of a one-relator group with torsion is also conjugacy separable.
This paper is devoted to the investigation of the property of order separability for HNN extensions and free products with commutative subgroups. Particularly it was proven that HNN extension of a free group with maximal connected cyclic subgroups is 2-order separable.
We prove that finite index subgroups of right angled Artin groups are conjugacy separable. We then apply this result to establish various properties of other classes of groups. In particular, we show that any word hyperbolic Coxeter group contains a conjugacy separable subgroup of finite index and has a residually finite outer automorphism group. Another consequence of the main result is that Bestvina-Brady groups are conjugacy separable and have solvable conjugacy problem.
Let $G$ be a free product of two groups with amalgamated subgroup, $π$ be either the set of all prime numbers or the one-element set \{$p$\} for some prime number $p$. Denote by $Σ$ the family of all cyclic subgroups of group $G$, which are separable in the class of all finite $π$-groups. Obviously, cyclic subgroups of the free factors, which aren't separable in these factors by the family of all normal subgroups of finite $π$-index of group $G$, the subgroups conjugated with them and all subgroups, which aren't $π^{\prime}$-isolated, don't belong to $Σ$. Some sufficient conditions are obtaine…
A group $G$ is called subgroup conjugacy separable (abbreviated as SCS), if any two finitely generated and non-conjugate subgroups of $G$ remain non-conjugate in some finite quotient of $G$. We prove that free groups and the fundamental groups of orientable closed compact surfaces are SCS.
Let G be a finitely generated linear group over a field of characteristic 0. Suppose that every solvable subgroup of G is polycyclic. Then the claim is made that any solvable subgroup of G is separable. This is proven for G=SL_n(Z). However, the proof of the main theorem in section 4 is incomplete.
Suppose that all hyperbolic groups are residually finite. The following statements follow: In relatively hyperbolic groups with peripheral structures consisting of finitely generated nilpotent subgroups, quasiconvex subgroups are separable; Geometrically finite subgroups of non-uniform lattices in rank one symmetric spaces are separable; Kleinian groups are subgroup separable. We also show that LERF for finite volume hyperbolic 3-manifolds would follow from LERF for closed hyperbolic 3-manifolds. The method is to reduce, via combination and filling theorems, the separability of a quasiconvex s…
A group G is called subgroup conjugacy separable (abbreviated as SCS), if any two finitely generated and non-conjugate subgroups of G remain non-conjugate in some finite quotient of G. We prove that the free groups and the fundamental groups of finite trees of finite groups with some normalizer condition are SCS. We also introduce the subgroup into-conjugacy separability property and prove that the above groups have this property too.
In the present paper, the structure of a finite group $G$ having a nonnormal T.I. subgroup $H$ which is also a Hall $π$-subgroup is studied. As a generalization of a result due to Gow, we prove that $H$ is a Frobenius complement whenever $G$ is $π$-separable. This is achieved by obtaining the fact that Hall T.I. subgroups are conjugate in a finite group. We also prove two theorems about normal complements one of which generalizes a classical result of Frobenius.
We give a list of finite groups containing all finite groups $G$ such that the group of units $\Z G^*$ of the integral group ring $\Z G$ is subgroup separable. There are only two types of these groups $G$ for which we cannot decide wether $ZG^*$ is subgroup separable, namely the central product $Q_8 Y D_8$ and $Q_8\times C_p{with} p \text{prime and} p\equiv -1 \mod (8)$.
In this paper we study conjugacy separability of subdirect products of two free (or hyperbolic) groups. We establish necessary and sufficient criteria and apply them to fibre products to produce a finitely presented group $G_1$ in which all finite index subgroups are conjugacy separable, but which has an index $2$ overgroup that is not conjugacy separable. Conversely, we construct a finitely presented group $G_2$ which has a non-conjugacy separable subgroup of index $2$ such that every finite index normal overgroup of $G_2$ is conjugacy separable. The normality of the overgroup is essential in…
Suppose that $\mathcal{C}$ is a class of groups consisting only of periodic groups and $\mathfrak{P}(\mathcal{C})^{\prime}$ is the set of prime numbers each of which does not divide the order of any element of a $\mathcal{C}$-group. A subgroup $Y$ of a group $X$ is called a) $\mathcal{C}$-separable in this group if, for each $x \in X \setminus Y$, there exists a homomorphism $σ$ of $X$ onto a group from $\mathcal{C}$ such that $xσ\notin Yσ$; b) $\mathfrak{P}(\mathcal{C})^{\prime}$-isolated in $X$ if, for any $x \in X$, $q \in \mathfrak{P}(\mathcal{C})^{\prime}$, the inclusion $x^{q} \in Y$ imp…
It is shown that every separable abelian topological group is isomorphic with a topological subgroup of a monothetic group (that is, a topological group with a single topological generator). In particular, every separable metrizable abelian group embeds into a metrizable monothetic group. More generally, we describe all topological groups that can be embedded into monothetic groups: they are exactly abelian topological groups of weight $\leq\frak c$ covered by countably many translations of every nonempty open subset.
We prove that the property of being cyclic subgroup separable, that is having all cyclic subgroups closed in the profinite topology, is preserved under forming graph products. Furthermore, we develop the tools to study the analogous question in the pro-$p$ case. For a wide class of groups we show that the relevant cyclic subgroups - which are called $p$-isolated - are closed in the pro-$p$ topology of the graph product. In particular, we show that every $p$-isolated cyclic subgroup of a right-angled Artin group is closed in the pro-$p$ topology, and we fully characterise such subgroups.
Let $G$ be a finitely generated group, $\mathrm{Sub}(G)$ the (compact, metric) space of all subgroups of $G$ with the Chaubuty topology and $X!$ the (Polish) group of all permutations of a countable set $X$. We show that the following properties are equivalent: (i) Every finitely generated subgroup is closed in the profinite topology, (ii) the finite index subgroups are dense in $\mathrm{Sub}(G)$, (iii) A Baire generic homomorphism $ϕ: G \rightarrow X!$ admits only finite orbits. Property (i) is known as the LERF property. We introduce a new family of groups which we call {\it{A-separable}} gr…
We introduce the notion of finite stature of a family $\{H_i\}$ of subgroups of a group $G$. We investigate the separability of subgroups of a group $G$ that splits as a graph of hyperbolic special groups with quasiconvex edge groups. We prove that when the vertex groups of $G$ have finite stature, then quasiconvex subgroups of the vertex groups of $G$ are separable in $G$. We present some partial results in a relatively hyperbolic framework.
A result of Bridson, Howie, Miller and Short states that if $S$ is a subgroup of type $FP_{n}(\mathbb{Q})$ of the direct product of $n$ limit groups over free groups, then $S$ is virtually the direct product of limit groups over free groups. Furthermore, they characterise finitely presented residually free groups. In this paper these results are generalised to limit groups over Droms right-angled Artin groups. Droms RAAGs are the right-angled Artin groups with the property that all of their finitely generated subgroups are again RAAGs. In addition, we show that the generalised conjugacy proble…
We show that two uniform lattices of a regular right-angled Fuchsian building are commensurable, provided the chamber is a polygon with at least six edges. We show that in an arbitrary Gromov-hyperbolic regular right-angled building associated to a graph product of finite groups, a uniform lattice is commensurable with the graph product provided all of its quasiconvex subgroups are separable. We obtain a similar result for uniform lattices of the Davis complex of Gromov-hyperbolic two-dimensional Coxeter groups. We also prove that every extension of a uniform lattice of a CAT(0) square complex…
It is proved that for any prime $p$ a finitely generated nilpotent group is conjugacy separable in the class of finite $p$-groups if and only if the torsion subgroup of it is a finite $p$-group and the quotient group by the torsion subgroup is abelian.
It is shown that each pseudonorm defined on a subgroup $H$ of an abelian group $G$ can be extended to a pseudonorm on $G$ such that the densities of the obtained pseudometrizable topological groups coincide. We derive from this that any Hausdorff $ω$-bounded group topology on $H$ can be extended to a Hausdorff $ω$-bounded group topology on $G$. In its turn this result implies that each separable metrizable abelian group $H$ is a subgroup of a separable metrizable divisible group $G$. This result essentially relies on the Axiom of Choice and is not true under the Axiom of Determinacy (which con…
For $Γ$ a group of order $mp$ for $p$ prime where $gcd(p,m)=1$, we consider those regular subgroups $N\leq Perm(Γ)$ normalized by $λ(Γ)$, the left regular representation of $Γ$. These subgroups are in one-to-one correspondence with the Hopf-Galois structures on separable field extensions $L/K$ with $Γ=Gal(L/K)$. This is a follow up to the author's earlier work where, by assuming $p>m$, one has that all such $N$ lie within the normalizer of the $p$-Sylow subgroup of $λ(Γ)$. Here we show that one only need assume that all groups of a given order $mp$ have a unique $p$-Sylow subgroup, and that $p…
A group $G$ is called subgroup conjugacy separable (abbreviated as SCS) if any two finitely generated and non-conjugate subgroups of $G$ remain non-conjugate in some finite quotient of $G$. An into-conjugacy version of SCS is abbreviated by SICS. We prove that if $G$ is a hyperbolic group, $H_1$ is a quasiconvex subgroup of $G$, and $H_2$ is a subgroup of $G$ which is elementwise conjugate into $H_1$, then there exists a finite index subgroup of $H_2$ which is conjugate into $H_1$. As corollary, we deduce that fundamental groups of closed hyperbolic 3-manifolds and torsion-free small cancellat…
In this paper we further develop the theory of canonical approximations of Polishable subgroups of Polish groups, building on previous work of Solecki and Farah--Solecki. In particular, we obtain a characterization of such canonical approximations in terms of their Borel complexity class. As an application we provide a complete list of all the possible Borel complexity classes of Polishable subgroups of Polish groups or, equivalently, of the ranges of continuous group homomorphisms between Polish groups. We also provide a complete list of all the possible Borel complexity classes of the ranges…
