Shouchuan Zhang
In this paper, we introduce a new concept of generalized matrix rings and build up the general theory of radicals for g.m.rings. Meantime, we obtain $$\bar{r}_b(A)=g.m.r_b(A)=\sum\{r_b(A_{ij})\mid i, j\in I\}=r_b(A)$$
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Generalized Baer and Generalized Quasi-Baer Rings of Skew Generalized Power Series
本文研究斜广义幂级数环的广义Baer与广义拟Baer性质，证明在特定条件下该性质在系数环与幂级数环之间等价。
We show a general decomposition theorem in Baer *-rings. As a consequence the vast majority of decompositions known in the algebra of bounded Hilbert space operators are generalized to Baer *-rings. There are also results which are new in the algebra of bounded Hilbert space operators. The model of summands in Wold-Słociński decomposition in Baer *-rings is given.
Baer and Baer *-ring characterizations of Leavitt path algebras
该研究通过底图性质刻画了Leavitt路代数的Rickart、Baer及Baer $*$-环等零化子相关性质，推广至局部幺元环与分次情形，提供了环实例构造方法并对比了其与图$C^*$-代数的性质差异。
We consider a class ${\mathcal C}$ of Baer *-rings (also treated in [S. K. Berberian, Baer *-rings, Die Grundlehren der mathematischen Wissenschaften 195, Springer-Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg-New York, 1972.] and [L. Vaš, Dimension and Torsion Theories for a Class of Baer *-Rings, Journal of Algebra 289 (2005) no. 2, 614--639]) defined by nine axioms, the last two of which are particularly strong. We prove that the ninth axiom follows from the first seven. This gives an affirmative answer to the question of S. K. Berberian if a Baer *-ring $R$ satisfies the first seven axioms, is the matrix ring…
Let $R$ be a ring and $S=R[x;σ,δ]$ its Ore extension. We prove under some conditions that $R$ is a quasi-Baer ring if and only if the Ore extension $R[x;σ,δ]$ is a quasi-Baer ring. Examples are provided to illustrate and delimit our results.
Polynomial extensions of cP-Baer rings
本文研究cP-Baer性质在斜多项式、斜Laurent多项式、斜幂级数、斜逆Laurent级数及幺半群环等各类环扩张中的传递规律，并回答了Birkenmeier与Heider提出的一个问题。
Let $R$ be a ring and $(σ,δ)$ a quasi-derivation of $R$. In this paper, we show that if $R$ is an $(σ,δ)$-skew Armendariz ring and satisfies the condition $(\mathcal{C_σ})$, then $R$ is right p.q.-Baer if and only if the Ore extension $R[x;σ,δ]$ is right p.q.-Baer. As a consequence we obtain a generalization of \cite{hong/2000}.
We provide a variant of Baer's theorem about isomorphism of endomorphism rings of vector spaces over division rings, where the full endomorphism rings are replaced by some subrings of finitary maps.
Let $R$ be a ring. It is proved that an $R$-module $M$ is Baer (resp. dual Baer) if and only if every exact sequence $0\rightarrow X\rightarrow M\rightarrow Y\rightarrow 0$ with $Y\in$ Cog$(M_R)$ (resp. $X\in$ Gen$(M_R)$) splits. This shows that being (dual) Baer is a Morita invariant property. As more applications, the Baer condition for the $R$-module $M^+ $ = Hom$_{\Bbb Z}(M,{\Bbb Q}/{\Bbb Z})$ is investigated and shown that $R$ is a von Neumann regular ring, if $R^+$ is a Baer $R$-module. Baer modules with (weak) chain conditions are studied and determined when a Baer (resp. dual baer) mod…
The Schröder-Bernstein Theorem for sets is well known. The question of whether two subisomorphic algebraic structures are isomorphic to each other, is of interest. An $R$-module $M$ is said to satisfy the Schröder-Bernstein (or SB) property if any pair of direct summands of $M$ are isomorphic provided that each one is isomorphic to a direct summand of the other. A ring $R$ (with an involution $\star$) is called a Baer (Baer $\star$-)ring if the right annihilator of every nonempty subset of $R$ is generated by an idempotent (a projection). It is clear that every Baer $\star$-ring is a Baer ring…
In this paper, we study module theoretic definitions of the Baer and related ring concepts. We say a module is s.Baer if the right annihilator of a nonempty subset of the module is generated by an idempotent in the ring. We show that s.Baer modules satisfy a number of closure properties. Under certain conditions, a torsion theory is established for the s.Baer modules, and we provide examples of s.Baer torsion modules and modules with a nonzero s.Baer radical. The other principal interest of this paper is to provide explicit connections between s.Baer modules and projective modules. Among other…
Let M be a fixed left R-module. For a left R-module X, we introduce the notion of M-prime (resp. M-semiprime) submodule of X such that in the case M=R, which coincides with prime (resp. semiprime) submodule of X. Other concepts encountered in the general theory are M-m-system sets, M-n-system sets, M-prime radical and M-Baer's lower nilradical of modules. Relationships between these concepts and basic properties are established. In particular, we identify certain submodules of M, called "prime M-ideals", that play a role analogous to that of prime (two-sided) ideals in the ring R. Using this d…
Graded quasi-Baer $\ast$-ring characterization of Steinberg algebras
本文研究Steinberg代数的分次拟Baer *性质，给出其任意分次理想零化子由齐次投影生成的充要条件，并借此刻画分次拟Baer * Leavitt路径代数。
A ring is clean (resp. almost clean) if each of its elements is the sum of a unit (resp. regular element) and an idempotent. In this paper we define the analogous notion for *-rings: a *-ring is *-clean (resp. almost *-clean) if its every element is the sum of a unit (resp. regular element) and a projection. Although *-clean is a stronger notion than clean, for some *-rings we demonstrate that it is more natural to use. The theorem on cleanness of unit-regular rings from [V. P. Camillo, D. Khurana, A Characterization of Unit Regular Rings, Communications in Algebra, 29 (5) (2001) 2293-2295] is…
In this paper, we transfer Davey`s characterization for $κ$--Stone bounded distributive lattices to lattices with certain kinds of quotients, in particular to commutator lattices with certain properties, and obtain related results on prime, radical, complemented and compact elements, annihilators and congruences of these lattices. We then apply these results to certain congruence lattices, in particular to those of semiprime members of semi--degenerate congruence--modular varieties, and use this particular case to transfer Davey`s Theorem to commutative unitary rings.
Characterizing Rickart and Baer ultragraph Leavitt path algebras
本文刻画了具备 Rickart、Baer 及其分次与局部等性质的超图 Leavitt 路径代数，将 Hazrat 和 Vas 关于域上 Leavitt 路径代数的研究推广至半单交换含幺环情形。
We prove that p.q.-Baer *-ring forms a pseudo lattice with Conrads partial order and also characterize p.q.-Baer *-rings which are lattices. The initial segments of a p.q.-Baer *-ring with Conrads partial order are shown to be orthomodular posets.
In this paper, we introduce a concept of weakly principally quasi-Baer *-rings in terms of central cover. We prove that a *-rings is a principally quasi-Baer *-rings if and only if it is weakly principally quasi-Baer *-rings with unity. A partial solution to the problem similar to unitification problem raised by S. K. Berberian is obtained.
Radicals of Lie-solvable Novikov algebras
研究李可解诺维科夫代数，证明其贝尔根与右幂零元集重合、安德拉诺维奇根与最大左拟正则理想重合，还探讨应用格尔范德 - 多尔夫曼构造后带导子交换代数性质的稳定性。
For a given class of R-modules Q, a module M is called Q-copure Baer injective if any map from a Q-copure left ideal of R into M can be extended to a map from R into M. Depending on the class Q, this concept is both a dualization and a generalization of pure Baer injectivity. We show that every module can be embedded as Q-copure submodule of a Q-copure Baer injective module. Certain types of rings are characterized using properties of Q-copure Baer injective modules. For example a ring R is Q-coregular if and only if every Q-copure Baer injective R-module is injective.
Revisiting Baer elements
本文将环的$d$-理想与框架的$d$-元素性质推广至乘法格中的Baer元素，提出了新结果，并引入Baer闭包探讨极大、素、半素与交不可约元。
On Generalized p.q.-Baer $*$-rings
本研究引入弱广义p.q.-Baer $*$-环类别，证明其可在特定假设下嵌入广义p.q.-Baer $*$-环，推导该环的部分可比性、投影正交分解、分离定理及带单射截面的层表示性质。
Many known results on finite von Neumann algebras are generalized, by purely algebraic proofs, to a certain class ${\mathcal C}$ of finite Baer *-rings. The results in this paper can also be viewed as a study of the properties of Baer *-rings in the class ${\mathcal C}$. First, we show that a finitely generated module over a ring from the class ${\mathcal C}$ splits as a direct sum of a finitely generated projective module and a certain torsion module. Then, we define the dimension of any module over a ring from ${\mathcal C}$ and prove that this dimension has all the nice properties of the di…
In this paper we give a characterisation of real closure * of regular rings, which is quite similar to the characterisation of real closure * of Baer regular rings seen in [4]. We also characterize Baer-ness of regular rings using near-open maps. The last part of this work will concentrate on classifying the real closure * of Baer and non-Baer regular rings (upto isomorphisms) using continuous sections of the support map, we construct a topology on this set for the Baer case. For the case of non-Baer regular rings, it will be shown that almost no information of the ring structure of the Baer h…
We introduce the notions of t-lifting modules and t-dual Baer modules, which are generalizations of lifting modules. It is shown that an amply supplemented module $M$ is t-lifting if and only if $M$ is t-dual Baer and a t-$\mathcal{K}$-module. We also prove that, over a right perfect ring $R$, every noncosingular $R$-module is injective if and only if every $R$-module is t-dual Baer if and only if every $R$-module is t-lifting if and only if every injective $R$-module is t-lifting.
The aim of this paper is to investigate a general notion of $σ$-PBW extensions over Armendariz rings. As an application, the properties of being Baer, quasi-Baer, p.p. and p.q.-Baer are established for these extensions. We generalize several results in the literature for Ore extensions of injective type and skew PBW extensions.
In this paper, we introduce the concept of $Σ$-semicommutative ring, for $Σ$ a finite family of endomorphisms of a ring $R$. We relate this class of rings with other classes of rings such that Abelian, reduced, $Σ$-rigid, nil-reversible and rings satisfying the $Σ$-skew reflexive nilpotent property. Also, we study some ring-theoretical properties of skew PBW extensions over $Σ$-semicommutative rings. We prove that if a ring $R$ is $Σ$-semicommutative with certain conditions of compatibility on derivations, then for every skew PBW extension $A$ over $R$, $R$ is Baer if and only if $R$ is quasi-…
On Locally Generalized radical linear groups over rings
本文研究非交换环及代数上的局部广义根线性群结构，针对线性群的若干特殊情形，给出了广义伯恩赛德问题和贝尔猜想的肯定答案。
Baer-Type Ring Characterizations of Steinberg Algebras, with Applications to Leavitt Path Algebras
本文推广Baer、Rickart及其局部、分次和$*$-类似物理论到Steinberg代数，证明局部Baer行为迫使群胚离散，并利用轨道分解给出完整刻画，进而应用于Leavitt路代数获得相应环性质刻画。
It is shown that the Baer-Kaplansky theorem can be extended to all abelian groups provided that the rings of endomorphisms of groups are replaced by trusses of endomorphisms of corresponding heaps. That is, every abelian group is determined up to isomorphism by its endomorphism truss and every isomorphism between two endomorphism trusses associated to some abelian groups $G$ and $H$ is induced by an isomorphism between $G$ and $H$ and an element from $H$. This correspondence is then extended to all modules over a ring by considering heaps of modules. It is proved that the truss of endomorphism…
It was shown by Bergman that the Jacobson radical of a Z-graded ring is homogeneous. This paper shows that the analogous result holds for nil rings, namely, that the nil radical of a Z-graded ring is homogeneous. It is obvious that a subring of a nil ring is nil, but generally a subring of a Jacobson radical ring need not be a Jacobson radical ring. In this paper it is shown that every subring which is generated by homogeneous elements in a graded Jacobson radical ring is always a Jacobson radical ring. It is also observed that a ring whose all subrings are Jacobson radical rings is nil. Some …
We consider some existing results regarding rings for which the classes of torsion-free and non-singular right modules coincide. Here, a right $R$-module $M$ is non-singular if $xI$ is nonzero for every nonzero $x \in M$ and every essential right ideal $I$ of $R$, and a right $R$-module $M$ is torsion-free if $Tor_{1}^{R}(M,R / Rr)=0$ for every $r \in R$. In particular, we consider a ring $R$ for which the classes of torsion-free and non-singular right $S$-modules coincide for every ring $S$ Morita-equivalent to $R$. We make use of these results, as well as the existence of a Morita-equivalenc…
We answer a question by Shestakov on the Jacobson radical in differential polynomial rings. We show that if R is a locally nilpotent ring with a derivation D then R[X;D] need not be Jacobson radical. We also show that J(R[X;D])\cap R is a nil ideal of R in the case where D is a locally nilpotent derivation and R is an algebra over an uncountable field.
We investigate the graded Brown--McCoy and the classical Brown--McCoy radical of a graded ring, which is the direct sum of a family of its additive subgroups indexed by a nonempty set, under the assumption that the product of homogeneous elements is again homogeneous. There are two kinds of the graded Brown--McCoy radical, the graded Brown--McCoy and the large graded Brown--McCoy radical of a graded ring. Several characterizations of the graded Brown--McCoy radical are given, and it is proved that the large graded Brown--McCoy radical of a graded ring is the largest homogeneous ideal contained…
It is well-known that the Jacobson radical of a unital ring is its largest superfluous right ideal. It is recorded here that the result carries over to non-unital rings provided the notion of "superfluous" is taken relative to all regular ideals.
In this paper, we introduce and study a strict generalization of symmetric rings. We call a ring $R \,\,\, 'P-symmetric'$ if for any $a,\, b,\, c\in R,\, abc=0$ implies $bac\in P(R)$, where $P(R)$ is the prime radical of $R$. It is shown that the class of $P$-symmetric rings lies between the class of central symmetric rings and generalized weakly symmetric rings. Relations are provided between $P$-symmetric rings and some other known classes of rings. From an arbitrary $P$-symmetric ring, we produce many families of $P$-symmetric rings.
Given a t.u.p.-semigroup (two unique product semigroup) $X$, we show if $R$ is an $X$-graded ring then both its nilradical and Jacobson radical are homogeneous. This partially answers questions of Smoktunowicz and Jespers.
In [1], finite associative rings wih identity and such that the set of all zero-divisors form and ideal M, called the Jacobson Radical, of cube zero and square non-zero, were constructed for all the characteristics. These rings are completely primary and we call them rings with property(T). In this paper, we associate with each ring with property(T) and characteristic p, invariants (integers) and determine (in certain cases) the number of isomorphism classes of these rings with given invariants.
We introduce Kurosh elements in division rings based on the idea of a conjecture of Kurosh. Using this, we generalize a result of Faith in [3] and of Herstein in [6].
Kuratowski's closure-complement problem gives rise to a monoid generated by the closure and complement operations. Consideration of this monoid yielded an interesting classification of topological spaces, and subsequent decades saw further exploration using other set operations. This article is an exploration of a natural analogue in ring theory: a monoid produced by "radical" and "annihilator" maps on the set of ideals of a ring. We succeed in characterizing semiprime rings and commutative dual rings by their radical-annihilator monoids, and we determine the monoids for commutative local zero…
We introduce a complete radical formula for modules over non-commutative rings which is the equivalence of a radical formula in the setting of modules defined over commutative rings. This gives a general frame work through which known results about modules over commutative rings that satisfy the radical formula are retrieved. Examples and properties of modules that satisfy the complete radical formula are given. For instance, it is shown that a module that satisfies the complete radical formula is completely semiprime if and only if it is a subdirect product of completely prime modules. This g…
Reversibility of rings with respect to the Zhou Radical
该研究引入了基于Zhou根的δ-可逆环概念，给出其相关性质并研究了这类环的扩张，丰富了环的可逆性理论。
Let $R$ be a ring satisfying a polynomial identity and let $D$ be a derivation of $R$. We consider the Jacobson radical of the skew polynomial ring $R[x;D]$ with coefficients in $R$ and with respect to $D$, and show that $J(R[x;D])\cap R$ is a nil $D$-ideal. This extends a result of Ferrero, Kishimoto, and Motose, who proved this in the case when $R$ is commutative.
The coincidence of the set of all nilpotent elements of a ring with its prime radical has a module analogue which occurs when the zero submodule satisfies the radical formula. A ring $R$ is 2-primal if the set of all nilpotent elements of $R$ coincides with its prime radical. This fact motivates our study in this paper, namely, to compare 2-primal submodules and submodules that satisfy the radical formula. A demonstration of the importance of 2-primal modules in bridging the gap between modules over commutative rings and modules over noncommutative rings is done and new examples of rings and m…
In this work we attempt to generalize our result in [6] [7] for real rings (not just von Neumann regular real rings). In other words we attempt to characterize and construct real closure * of commutative unitary rings that are real. We also make some very interesting and significant discoveries regarding maximal partial orderings of rings, Baer rings and essentail extension of rings. The first Theorem itself gives us a noteworthy bijection between maximal partial orderings of two rings by which one is a rational extension of the other. We characterize conditions when a Baer reduced ring can be…
We introduce graded gamma rings from a more general point of view via methods developed by Krasner and Halberstadt for graded rings. We propose three equivalent aspects of studying graded gamma rings, nonhomogeneous, semihomogeneous and homogeneous. The graded Jacobson radical of a graded gamma ring is introduced and its elementwise description is given. Also, a relation between the graded Jacobson radical and the Jacobson radical of a graded gamma ring is examined.
Prime Radical and Primary decomposition of Ideals in an L subring
本文在L-环中引入理想的素根、准素分解与约化准素分解概念，证明素根与根及半素根一致，并给出理想具有准素分解的充要条件。
On the $(b, c)$-inverse of a sum with a radical element in a ring
研究环中带根元的和的(b,c)逆条件及双矩阵的广义逆应用
$e$-Reduced rings in terms of the Zhou radical
本文利用Zhou根定义了环的Zhou右（左）$e$-约化性质，研究了其基本性质，给出若干例子来源，并探讨了相关扩张及全矩阵环的子环。
Algebraic derivations and radicals of automorphism groups of algebras
本文研究半素结合代数的代数导子与相关自同构群的根性质，证明其素根与弱可解根重合，并联系Martindale商环内导子描述。
Graded chain conditions and graded Jacobson radical of groupoid graded modules
本文研究了群oid分级模的分级链条件、分级雅可比纯环及gr-semilocal环，探讨了其性质与经典理论的异同。
Let R be a ring (not necessarily with 1) and G be a finite group of automorphisms of R. The set B(R, G) of primes p such that p | |G| and R is not p-torsion free, is called the set of bad primes. When the ring is |G|-torsion free, i.e., B(R, G) is empty set, the properties of the rings R and R^G are closely connected. The aim of the paper is to show that this is also true when B(R, G) is not empty set under natural conditions on bad primes. In particular, it is shown that the Jacobson radical (resp., the prime radical) of the ring R^G is equal to the intersection of the Jacobson radical (resp.…
In this paper, we introduce the concept of centrally endo-AIP modules. We call a module M centrally endo-AIP, if the left annihilator of any fully invariant submodule N of M in the endomorphism ring S = End(M) is a centrally s-unital ideal of S. We discuss some properties of centrally endo-AIP modules. We also study the endomorphism ring of centrally endo-AIP modules and characterize quasi-Baer modules in terms of centrally endo-AIP modules
In order to study graded Frobenius algebras from a ring theoretical perspective, we introduce graded quasi-Frobenius rings, graded Frobenius rings and a shift-version of the latter ones, and we investigate the structure and representations of such objects. We need to revisit graded simple graded left Artinian rings, graded semisimple rings, and to provide graded versions of certain results concerning the Jacobson radical, the singular radical, and their connection to finiteness conditions and injectivity. We prove a structure result for (shift-)graded Frobenius rings.
We answer several open questions and establish new results concerning differential and skew polynomial ring extensions, with emphasis on radicals. In particular, we prove the following results. If $R$ is prime radical and $δ$ is a derivation of $R$, then the differential polynomial ring $R[X;δ]$ is locally nilpotent. This answers an open question posed in by Nielsen and Ziembowski. The nil radical of a differential polynomial ring $R[X;δ]$ takes the form $I[X;δ]$ for some ideal $I$ of $R$, provided that the base field is infinite. This answers an open question posed by Hong, Kim, Lee and Niels…
Let $R$ be a ring satisfying a polynomial identity and let $δ$ be a derivation of $R$. We show that if $N$ is the nil radical of $R$ then $δ(N)\subseteq N$ and the Jacobson radical of $R[x;δ]$ is equal to $N[x;δ]$. As a consequence, we have that if $R$ is locally nilpotent then $R[x;δ]$ is locally nilpotent. This affirmatively answers a question of Smoktunowicz and Ziembowski.
We introduce the notions of one-sided dirings, 3-irreducible left modules, 3-primitive left dirings, 3-semi-primitive left dirings, 3-primitive ideals and 3-radicals. The main results consists of two parts. The first part establishes two external characterizations of a 3-semi-primitive left diring. The second part characterizes the 3-radical of a left diring by using 3-primitive ideals.
Let A be a connected left artinian ring with radical square zero and with n simple modules. If A is not self-injective, then we show that any module M with Ext^i(M,A) = 0 for 1 \le i \le n + 1 is projective. We also determine the structure of the artin algebras with radical square zero and n simple modules which have a non-projective module M such that Ext^i(M,A) = 0 for 1 \le i \le n.
The purpose of this paper and its sequel, is to introduce a new class of modules over a commutative ring $R$, called $\mathbb{P}$-radical modules (modules $M$ satisfying the prime radical condition "$(\sqrt[p]{\cal{P}M}:M)={\cal{P}}$" for every prime ideal ${\cal{P}}\supseteq {\rm Ann}(M)$, where $\sqrt[p]{\cal{P}M}$ is the intersection of all prime submodules of $M$ containing ${\cal{P}}M$). This class contains the family of primeful modules properly. This yields that over any ring all free modules and all finitely generated modules lie in the class of $\mathbb{P}$-radical modules. Also, we s…
Peirce Stability of Null Polynomials and a Sharp Radical Bound for Finite Rings
本文针对有限结合环中零多项式集非右理想的问题，证明了Peirce稳定性相关结果与幂零理想的阶界，结合Werner定理推导了环的阶界，并构造了符合条件的分块矩阵环实例。
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