Let A^2 be the affine plane over a field K of characteristic 0. Birational morphisms of A^2 are mappings A^2 \to A^2 given by polynomial mappings ϕof the polynomial algebra K[x,y] such that for the quotient fields, one has K(ϕ(x), ϕ(y)) = K(x,y).
Polynomial automorphisms are obvious examples of such mappings. Another obvious example is the mapping τ_x given by x \to x, y \to xy. For a while, it was an open question whether every birational morphism is a product of polynomial automorphisms and copies of τ_x. This question was answered in the negative by P. Russell (in an informal communication). In this paper, we give a simple combinatorial solution of the same problem. More importantly, our method yields an algorithm for deciding whether a given birational morphism can be factored that way.
We study $F$-signature under proper birational morphisms $π: Y \to X$, showing that $F$-signature strictly increases for small morphisms or if $ K_Y \geq π^*K_X$. In certain cases, we can even show that the $F$-signature of $Y$ is at least twice as that of $X$. We also provide examples of $F$-signature dropping and Hilbert-Kunz multiplicity increasing under birational maps without these hypotheses.
We prove that every log crepant birational morphism between log terminal surfaces is decomposed into log-flopping type divisorial contraction morphisms and log blow-downs. Repeating these two kinds of contractions we reach a minimal log minimal surface from any log minimal surface.
In this paper we prove strong toroidalization of birational morphisms of 3-folds. Suppose that f:X\to Y is a birational morphism of nonsingular complete 3-folds, and D_Y, D_X are simple normal crossings divisors on Y and X such that f^{-1}(D_Y)=D_X and D_X contains the singular locus of the morphism f. We prove that there exist morphisms Φ:X_1\to X and Ψ:Y_1\to Y which are products of blow ups of points and nonsingular curves which are supported in the preimage of D_Y and make simple normal crossings with this preimage, such that f_1=Ψ_1^{-1}\circ f\circ Φ_1 is a toroidal morphism. This theore…
We prove that a birational morphism of projective 3-folds, over a field of characteristic zero, can be made toroidal by performing a sequence of blow ups of points and nonsingular curves above the domain and target.
We study birational morphisms between smooth projective surfaces that respect a given Poisson structure, with particular attention to induced birational maps between the (Poisson) moduli spaces of sheaves on those surfaces. In particular, to any birational morphism, we associate a corresponding "minimal lift" operation on sheaves of homological dimension <=1, and study its properties. In particular, we show that minimal lift induces a stratification of the moduli space of simple sheaves on the codomain by open subspaces of the moduli space of simple sheaves on the domain, compatibly with the i…
We make a very detailed analysis of the numerical properties of effective divisors whose support is contained in the exceptional locus of a birational morphism of smooth projective surfaces. As an application we extend Miyaoka's inequality on the number of canonical singularities on a projective normal surface with non-negative Kodaira dimension to the non minimal case, obtaining a slightly better result than known extensions by Megyesi and Langer.
In this paper we define a Poisson structure on some moduli spaces related to principal G-bundles on elliptic curves, the simplest example being the moduli space of stable pairs: a vector bundle and its global section. We also study birational morphisms between projective spaces appearing as such moduli spaces.
We prove a relative Kawamata Viehweg vanishing type theorem for birational morphisms. We use this to prove a Grauert Riemenschneider theorem over log canonical threefolds without zero dimensional log canonical centers, in residue characteristic p greater than five. In large enough residue characteristics, we prove a Grauert Riemenschneider theorem over threefold log canonical singularities with standard coefficients. These vanishing theorems can also be used to study the depth of log canonical singularities at non log canonical centers, as well as the singularities of the log canonical centers…
In this paper we study smooth toric Fano varieties using primitive relations and toric Mori theory. We show that for any irreducible invariant divisor D in a toric Fano variety X, we have $0\leqρ_X-ρ_D\leq 3$, for the difference of the Picard numbers of X and D. Moreover, if $ρ_X-ρ_D>0$ (with some additional hypotheses if $ρ_X-ρ_D=1$), we give an explicit birational description of X. Using this result, we show that when dim X=5, we have $ρ_X\leq 9$. In the second part of the paper, we study equivariant birational morphisms f whose source is Fano. We give some general results, and in dimension …
Our object of study is a rational map Psi from projective s-1 space to projective n-1 space defined by homogeneous forms g1,...,gn, of the same degree d, in the homogeneous coordinate ring R=k[x1,...,xs] of projective s-1 space. Our goal is to relate properties of Psi, of the homogeneous coordinate ring A=k[g1,...,gn] of the variety parametrized by Psi, and of the Rees algebra R[It], the bihomogeneous coordinate ring of the graph of Psi. For a regular map Psi, for instance, we prove that R[It] satisfies Serre's condition R_i, for some positive i, if and only if A satisfies R_{i-1} and Psi is b…
We announce a factorization result for equivariant birational morphisms between toric 4-folds whose source is Fano: such a morphism is always a composite of blow-ups along smooth invariant centers. Moreover, we show with a counterexample that, differently from the 3-dimensional case, even if both source and target are Fano, the intermediate varieties can not be chosen Fano.
In 2011, the first author introduced (relative) Riemann-Zariski spaces corresponding to a morphism of schemes and established their basic properties. In this paper we clarify that theory and extend it to morphisms between algebraic spaces. As an application, a new proof of Nagata's compactification theorem for algebraic spaces is obtained.
Given a normal surface singularity $(X, Q)$ and a birational morphism to a non- singular surface $π: X \to S$, we investigate the local geometry of the exceptional divisor $L$ of $π$. We prove that the dimension of the tangent space to $L$ at $Q$ equals the number of exceptional components meeting at $Q$. Consequences relative to the existence of such birational projections contracting a prescribed number of irreducible curves are deduced. A new characterization of minimal singularities is obtained in these terms.
Suppose that $f:X\to Y$ is a dominant morphism of 3-folds over an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero. We prove that there exist sequences of blow ups of points and nonsingular curves $Φ:X_1\to X$ and $Ψ:Y_1\to Y$ such that the induced map $f_1:Y_1\to X_1$ is a toroidal morphism. This extends an earlier proof of the author of this theorem with the extra assumption that $f$ is birational.
In this paper, we classify projective toric birational morphisms from Gorenstein toric 3-folds onto the 3-dimensional affine space with relatively ample anti-canonical divisors.
We extend the Cox-Hu-Keel construction of the Cox rings to any proper birational morphisms of normal noetherian schemes. It allows the representation of any proper birational morphism by a map of schemes with mild singularities with torus actions. In a particular case, the notion generalizes the combinatorial construction of Satriano and the recent construction of multiple weighted blow-ups on Artin-stacks by Abramovich-Quek. The latter can be viewed as an extension of stack theoretic blow-ups by Abramovich, Temkin, and Wlodarczyk, a similar construction of McQuillan and the author's recent co…
We show that for $α\in (2/3, 7/10)$, the log canonical model $\bar M_4(α)$ of the pair $(\bar M_4, αδ)$ is isomorphic to the moduli space $\bar M_4^{hs}$ of h-semistable curves, and that there is a birational morphism $Ξ: \bar M_4^{hs} \to \bar M_4(2/3)$ that contracts the locus of curves $C_1\cup_p C_2$ consisting of genus two curves meeting in a node $p$ such that $p$ is a Weierstrass point of $C_1$ or $C_2$. To obtain this morphism, we construct a compact moduli space $\bar M_{2,1}^{hs}$ of pointed genus two curves that have nodes, ordinary cusps and tacnodes as singularity, and prove that …
Suppose that X to Y is a generically finite map of nonsingular varieties over a field of characteristic zero, and v is a valuation of the function field of X. We prove that it is possible to perform a sequence of monoidal transforms X' to X and Y' to Y so that X' to Y' is a monomial mapping at the center of v. We deduce from this that a birational morphism of nonsingular varieties can be factored along a valuation by a sequence of blowups and blowdowns with nonsingular centers.
Given a birational normal extension S of a two-dimensional local regular ring R, we describe all the equisingularity types of the complete ideals J in R whose blowing-up has some point at which the local ring is analytically isomorphic to S. The problem of classifying the germs of such normal surface singularities was already posed by Spivakovsky (Ann. of Math. 1990). This problem has two parts: discrete and continous. The continous part is to some extent equivalent to the problem of the moduli of plane curve singularities, while the main result of this paper solves completely the discrete par…
Birational properites of generically finite morphisms $X\rightarrow Y$ of algebraic varieties can be understood locally by a valuation of the function field of $X$. In finite extensions of algebraic local rings in characteristic zero algebraic function fields which are dominated by a valuation there are nice monomial forms of the mapping after blowing up enough, which reflect classical invariants of the valuation. Further, these forms are stable upon suitable further blowing up. In positive characteristic algebraic function fields it is not always possible to find a monomial form after blowing…
We study the group of symplectic birational transformations of the plane. It is proved that this group is generated by $\mathrm{SL}(2,\mathbb{Z})$, the torus and a special map of order $5$, as it was conjectured by A. Usnich. Then we consider a special subgroup $H$, of finite type, defined over any field which admits a surjective morphism to the Thompson group of piecewise linear automorphisms of $\mathbb{Z}^2$. We prove that the presentation for this group conjectured by Usnich is correct.
This article deals with the study of the birational transformations of the projective complex plane which leave invariant an irreducible algebraic curve. We try to describe the state of art and provide some new results on this subject.
In this article, we study birational transformations belonging to Galois points for certain plane quartic curve. In fact, we see that they can be extended to Cremona transformations. In particular, we determine the conjugacy class of them. We have that they are all conjugate to linear transformations.
A criterion for the existence of a birational embedding of an algebraic curve into a projective plane with two Galois points is presented. Several novel examples of plane curves with two inner Galois points as an application are described.
Let A^2 denote the affine plane over an algebraically closed field of arbitrary characteristic. Besides contributing several new results in the general theory of birational endomorphisms of A^2, this article describes certain classes of birational endomorphisms f defined by requiring that the missing curves or contracting curves of f are lines. The last part of the article is concerned with the monoid structure of the set of birational endomorphisms of A^2.
Given a surface $S$ and a finite group $G$ of automorphisms of $S$, consider the birational maps $S\dashrightarrow S'$ that commute with the action of $G$. This leads to the notion of a $G$-minimal variety. A natural question arises: for a fixed group $G$, is there a birational $G$-map between two different $G$-minimal surfaces? If no such map exists, the surface is said to be $G$-birationally rigid. This paper determines the $G$-rigidity of the projective plane for every finite subgroup $G\subset\mbox{PGL}_3\left(\mathbb{C}\right)$.
We describe a close relation between wall crossings in the birational geometry of moduli space of Gieseker stable sheaves $M_H(v)$ on $\bb{P}^2$ and mini-wall crossings in the stability manifold $Stab(D^b(\bb{P}^2))$.
In this paper we develop a Morse-like theory in order to decompose birational maps and morphisms of smooth projective varieties defined over a field of characteristic zero into more elementary steps which are locally étale isomorphic to equivariant flips, blow-ups and blow-downs of toric varieties. A crucial role in the considerations is played by K^*-actions where K is the base field. This paper serves as a basis for proving the weak factorization conjecture on factorization of birational maps in characteristic zero into blow-ups and blow-downs. This is carried out in two subsequent papers, o…
We study the birational geometry of moduli spaces of semistable sheaves on the projective plane via Bridgeland stability conditions. We show that the entire MMP of their moduli spaces can be run via wall-crossing. Via a description of the walls, we give a numerical description of their movable cones, along with its chamber decomposition corresponding to minimal models. As an application, we show that for primitive vectors, all birational models corresponding to open chambers in the movable cone are smooth and irreducible.
Given a triple cover p: X --> Y of varieties, we produce a new variety Z and a birational morphism f: Z --> X which is an isomorphism away from the fat-point ramification locus of p. The variety Z has a natural interpretation in terms of the data describing the triple cover, and the morphism f has an elegant geometric description.
Let $(X,L)$ be a quasi-polarized canonical Calabi-Yau threefold. In this note, we show that $\vert mL\vert$ is basepoint free for $m\geq 4$. Moreover, if the morphism $Φ_{\vert 4L\vert}$ is not birational onto its image and $h^0(X,L)\geq 2$, then $L^3=1$. As an application, if $Y$ is a $n$-dimensional Fano manifold such that $-K_Y=(n-3)H$ for some ample divisor $H$, then $\vert mH\vert$ is basepoint free for $m\geq 4$ and if the morphism $Φ_{\vert 4H\vert}$ is not birational onto its image, then $Y$ is either a weighted hypersurface of degree $10$ in the weighted projective space $\mathbb{P}(1…
We prove that any dominant morphism of algebraic varieties over a field k of characteristic zero can be transformed into a toroidal (hence monomial) morphism by projective birational modifications of source and target. This was previously proved by the first and third author when k is algebraically closed. Moreover we show that certain additional requirements can be satisfied.
Birational involutions of the real projective plane
University of Edinburgh（爱丁堡大学）；Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, I2M（艾克斯-马赛大学，法国国家科学研究中心，I2M研究所）；Institut de Mathématiques de Bordeaux, UMR 5251 CNRS, Université de Bordeaux（波尔多数学研究所，CNRS联合研究单位5251，波尔多大学）；Université Paris-Saclay, Institut de mathématique, CNRS, UMR 8628（巴黎萨克雷大学，数学研究所，CNRS联合研究单位8628）
We explain how to construct a morphism from the group of birational automorphisms of CP^2 preserving the logarithmic Poisson bracket to the Thompson group T. Than we give a linear representation of the former group, provide some information about Thompson group T and give it's new presentation in terms of generators and relations, and speculate about the presentation of the group of birational symplectomorphisms.
In this paper we generalize some classical birational transformations to the non-commutative case. In particular we show that 3-dimensional quadratic Sklyanin algebras (non-commutative projective planes) and 3-dimensional cubic Sklyanin algebras (non-commutative quadrics) have the same function field. In the same vein we construct and analogue of the Cremona transform for non-commutative projective planes.
In this paper we consider the birational classification of pairs (S,L), with S a rational surfaces and L a linear system on S. We give a classification theorem for such pairs and we determine, for each irreducible plane curve B, its "Cremona minimal" models, i.e. those plane curves which are equivalent to B via a Cremona transformation, and have minimal degree under this condition.
We give a completely explicit description of the fibers of the natural birational morphism from O'Grady's ten dimensional singular moduli space of sheaves on a K3 surface to the corresponding Donaldson-Uhlenbeck compactification.
Two divisors in $\mathbb P^n$ are said to be Cremona equivalent if there is a Cremona modification sending one to the other. In this paper I study irreducible cones in $\mathbb P^n$ and prove that two cones are Cremona equivalent if their general hyperplane sections are birational. In particular I produce examples of cones in $\mathbb P^3$ Cremona equivalent to a plane whose plane section is not Cremona equivalent to a line in $\mathbb P^2$.
We propose a study of the foliations of the projective plane induced by simple derivations of the polynomial ring in two indeterminates over the complex field. These correspond to foliations which have no invariant algebraic curve nor singularities in the complement of a line. We establish the position of these foliations in the birational classification of foliations and prove the finiteness of their birational symmetries. Most of the results apply to wider classes of foliations.
Two divisors in $¶^n$ are said to be Cremona equivalent if there is a Cremona modification sending one to the other. We produce infinitely many non equivalent divisorial embeddings of any variety of dimension at most 14. Then we study the special case of plane curves and rational hypersurfaces. For the latter we characterise surfaces Cremona equivalent to a plane.
This article studies the sequence of iterative degrees of a birational map of the plane. This sequence is known either to be bounded or to have a linear, quadratic or exponential growth. The classification elements of infinite order with a bounded sequence of degrees is achieved, the case of elements of finite order being already known. The coefficients of the linear and quadratic growth are then described, and related to geometrical properties of the map. The dynamical number of base-points is also studied. Applications of our results are the description of embeddings of the Baumslag-Solitar …
Since the end of the XIXth century, we know that each birational map of the complex projective plane is the product of a finite number of quadratic birational maps of the projective plane; this motivates our work which essentially deals with these quadratic maps. We establish algebraic properties such as the classification of one parameter groups of quadratic birational maps or the smoothness of the set of quadratic birational maps in the set of rational maps. We prove that a finite number of generic quadratic birational maps generates a free group. We show that if f is a quadratic birational …
We show that the decomposition group of a line $L$ in the plane, i.e. the subgroup of plane birational transformations that send $L$ to itself birationally, is generated by its elements of degree 1 and one element of degree 2, and that it does not decompose as a non-trivial amalgamated product.
Given an arbitrary projective birational morphism of varieties, we provide a natural and explicit way of constructing relative compactifications of the maps induced on the main components of the jet schemes. In the case the morphism is the Nash blow-up of a variety, such relative compactifications are shown to be given by the Nash blow-ups of the main components of the jet schemes.
