Cinzia Casagrande
We announce a factorization result for equivariant birational morphisms between toric 4-folds whose source is Fano: such a morphism is always a composite of blow-ups along smooth invariant centers. Moreover, we show with a counterexample that, differently from the 3-dimensional case, even if both source and target are Fano, the intermediate varieties can not be chosen Fano.
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We investigate birational boundedness of Fano varieties and Fano fibrations. We establish an inductive step towards birational boundedness of Fano fibrations via conjectures related to boundedness of Fano varieties and Fano fibrations. As corollaries, we provide approaches towards birational boundedness and boundedness of anti-canonical volumes of varieties of $ε$-Fano type. Furthermore, we show birational boundedness of $3$-folds of $ε$-Fano type.
We prove birational superrigidity of Fano cyclic covers of index 1 over hypersurfaces in the projective space.
We prove divisorial canonicity of Fano double hypersurfaces of general position.
We determine birational superrigidity for a quasi-smooth prime Fano 3-fold of codimension 4 with no projection centers. In particular we prove birational superrigidity for Fano 3-folds of codimension 4 with no projection centers which are recently constructed by Coughlan and Ducat. We also pose some questions and a conjecture regarding the classification of birationally superrigid Fano 3-folds.
We prove divisorial canonicity of Fano hypersurfaces and double spaces of general position with elementary singularities.
In this paper we study 14 families among 85 families of anticanonically embedded Q-Fano threefolds weighted complete intersections of codimension 2 and show that every quasismooth member is birationally birigid, that is, it is birational to another Q-Fano threefold but not birational to any other Mori fiber space.
In this paper, we prove that the family of $\Bbb Q$-Fano threefolds with Picard number one is birationally unbounded.
We complete the study of birational geometry of Fano fiber spaces $π\colon V\to {\mathbb P}^1$, the fiber of which is a Fano double hypersurface of index 1. For each family of these varieties we either prove birational rigidity or produce explicitly non-trivial structures of Fano fiber spaces. A new linear method of studying movable systems on Fano fiber spaces $V/{\mathbb P}^1$ is developed.
On the birational geometry of $\mathbf{Q}$-Fano threefolds of large Fano index, I
本文研究Fano指数≥2的Q-Fano三维流形的理性问题，探讨其几何性质和分类方法。
The aim of this note is to settle some foundational questions about the behavior of birational rigidity in extensions of algebraically closed fields.
K-stability and birational rigidity of Fano 3-fold weighted complete intersections
本研究证明了双有理刚性的良构拟光滑法诺三维加权完全交具有K-稳定性。
In this paper we give first examples of $\mathbb{Q}$-Fano threefolds whose birational Mori fiber structures consist of exactly three $\mathbb{Q}$-Fano threefolds. These examples are constructed as weighted hypersurfaces in a specific weighted projective space. We also observe that the number of birational Mori fiber structures does not behave upper semi-continuously in a family of $\mathbb{Q}$-Fano threefolds.
In this paper, we classify Fano manifolds with elementary contractions of birational type such that the second or third exterior power of tangent bundles are numerically effective.
We classify birationally rigid orbifold Fano 3-folds of index one defined by $5 \times 5$ Pfaffians. We give a sharp criterion for birational rigidity of these families based on the type of singularities that the varieties admit. Various conjectures are born out of our study, highlighting a possible approach to the classification of terminal Fano 3-folds. The birationally rigid cases are the first known rigid examples of Fanos that are not (weighted) complete intersection.
On the birational geometry of $\mathbf{Q}$-Fano threefolds of large Fano index, II
本文研究Fano指数≥3的Q-Fano三维流形的理性问题，延续前文研究。
We give a brief survey of the concept of birational rigidity, from its origins in the two-dimensional birational geometry, to its current state. The main ingredients of the method of maximal singularities are discussed. The principal results of the theory of birational rigidity of higher-dimensional Fano varieties and fibrations are given and certain natural conjectures are formulated.
In this paper we prove birational rigidity of large classes of Fano-Mori fibre spaces over a base of arbitrary dimension, bounded from above by a constant that depends on the dimension of the fibre only. In order to do that, we first show that if every fibre of a Fano-Mori fibre space satisfies certain natural conditions, then every birational map onto another Fano-Mori fibre space is fibre-wise. After that we construct large classes of fibre spaces (into Fano double spaces of index one and into Fano hypersurfaces of index one) which satisfy those conditions. The paper is a follow up of my pre…
We survey some results on the nonrationality and birational rigidity of certain hypersurfaces of Fano type. The focus is on hypersurfaces of Fano index one, but hypersurfaces of higher index are also discussed.
Stable equivariant birationalities of cubic and degree 14 Fano threefolds
本研究提出Pfaffian-Grassmannian对应的等变版本，以此构造出三次三维簇与14次Fano三维簇间非平凡的扭稳定等变双有理等价实例，为等变双有理几何提供新案例。
Let X be a smooth Fano variety of dimension at least 4. We show that if X has an elementary birational contraction sending a divisor to a curve, then the Picard number of X is smaller or equal to 5.
We compute global log canonical thresholds of certain birationally bi-rigid Fano 3-folds embedded in weighted projective spaces as complete intersections of codimension 2 and prove that they admit an orbifold Kähler-Einstein metric and are K-stable. As an application, we give examples of super-rigid affine Fano 4-folds.
There is two group actions on the Fano scheme of lines such that the quotient becomes an irreducible symplectic manifold. We showed that both quotients are birational to the generalized Kummer variety or the 2-points Hilbert scheme of a K3 surface.
We prove birational superrigidity of every hypersurface of degree N in P^N with singular locus of dimension s, under the assumption that N is at least 2s+8 and it has only quadratic singularities of rank at least N-s. Combined with the results of I. A. Chel'tsov and T. de Fernex, this completes the list of birationally superrigid singular hypersurfaces with only ordinary double points except in dimension 4 and 6. Further we impose an additional condition on the base locus of a birational map to a Mori fiber space. Then we prove conditional birational superrigidity of certain smooth Fano hypers…
Birationally solid Fano 3-fold hypersurfaces
本文基于Picard数为1的Fano簇的双有理刚性定义，完成了拟光滑双有理刚性Fano 3-重加权超曲面的分类。
Determining when the birational automorphism group of a Fano variety is finite is an interesting and difficult problem. The main technique for studying this problem is by the Noether-Fano method. This method has been effective in studying this problem for Fano varieties of index one and two. The purpose of this paper is to give a new approach to this problem, and to show that in every positive characteristic there are Fano varieties of arbitrarily large index with finite (or even trivial) birational automorphisms. To do this we prove that these varieties admit ample and birationally equivarian…
This is a continuation of a series of papers studying the birational Mori fiber structures of anticanonically embedded $\mathbb{Q}$-Fano $3$-fold weighted complete intersections of codimension $2$. We have proved that $19$ families consists of birationally rigid varieties and $14$ families consists of birationally birigid varieties. The aim of this paper is to continue the work systematically and prove that, among the remaining $52$ families, $21$ families consist of birationally birigid varieties.
We continue to study birational geometry of Fano fibrations $π\colon V\to {\mathbb P}^1$ the fibers of which are Fano double hypersurfaces of index 1. For a majority of families of this type, which do not satisfy the condition of sufficient twistedness over the base, we prove birational rigidity (in particular, it means that there are no other structures of a fibration into rationally connected varieties) and compute their groups of birational self-maps. We considerably improve the principal components of the method of maximal singularities, in the first place, the technique of counting multip…
We use the specialization homomorphism for the birational automorphism group to study finite order birational automorphisms. For a family of varieties over a DVR, we prove that a birational automorphism of order coprime to the residue characteristic cannot specialize to the identity. As an application, we show that very general $n$-dimensional hypersurfaces of degree $d \geq 5 \lceil (n+3)/6 \rceil$ have no finite order birational automorphisms.
We study birational geometry of Fano varieties, realized as double covers $σ\colon V\to {\mathbb P}^M$, $M\geq 5$, branched over generic hypersurfaces $W=W_{2(M-1)}$ of degree $2(M-1)$. We prove that the only structures of a rationally connected fiber space on $V$ are the pencils-subsystems of the free linear system $|-\frac12 K_V|$. The groups of birational and biregular self-maps of the variety $V$ coincide.
K-stability of birationally superrigid Fano 3-fold weighted hypersurfaces
该研究证明指数为1的拟光滑Fano三维加权超曲面的α不变量≥1/2，结合已有双有理超刚性与K-稳定性的关系结论，推导出这类双有理超刚性曲面的K-稳定性。
On the canonical bundle formula and effective birationality for Fano varieties in char $p>0$
本文研究了正特征下 Fano 型簇的双有理几何与有界性问题，证明了有界性在正规化下不变，给出了更易用的典范丛公式，并证实了具有良好奇点的弱 Fano 簇的有效双有理性。
We prove birational superrigidity of generic Fano fiber spaces $V/{\mathbb P}^1$, the fibers of which are Fano complete intersections of index 1 and dimension $M$ in ${\mathbb P}^{M+k}$, provided that $M\geq 2k+1$. The proof combines the traditional quadratic techniques of the method of maximal singularities with the linear techniques based on the connectedness principle of Shokurov and Koll\' ar. Certain related results are also considered.
We develop the quadratic technique of proving birational rigidity of Fano-Mori fibre spaces over a higher-dimensional base. As an application, we prove birational rigidity of generic fibrations into Fano double spaces of dimension $M\geqslant 4$ and index one over a rationally connected base of dimension at most $\frac12 (M-2)(M-1)$. An estimate for the codimension of the subset of hypersurfaces of a given degree in the projective space with a positive-dimensional singular set is obtained, which is close to the optimal one.
We highlight a relation between the existence of Sarkisov links and the finite generation of (certain) Cox rings. We introduce explicit methods to use this relation in order to prove birational rigidity statements. To illustrate, we complete the birational rigidity results of Okada for Fano complete intersection 3-folds in singular weighted projective spaces.
Birational classification of toric orbifolds
本文借助相伴堆叠扇，对平凡一般稳定子的光滑真环面 Deligne–Mumford 堆叠的环面等变双有理等价类给出完整分类。
In this paper we consider Q-Fano 3-fold weighted complete intersections of codimension 2 in the 85 families listed in the Iano-Fletcher's list and determine which cycle is a maximal center or not. For each maximal center, we construct either a birational involution which untwists the maximal singularity or a Sarkisov link centered at the cycle to an another explicitly described Mori fiber space. As a consequence, 19 families are proved to be birationally rigid and the remaining 66 families are proved to be birationally nonrigid.
This paper has been withdrawn by the author, due to a counter example to step 6.2 indicated by K. Karu.
Bernardi and Tirabassi show the existence of full strong exceptional collections consisting of line bundles on smooth toric Fano $3$-folds under assuming Bondal's conjecture, which states that the Frobenius push-forward of the structure sheaf $\mc O_X$ generates the derived category $D^b(X)$ for smooth projective toric varieties $X$. In this article, we show Bondal's conjecture for smooth toric Fano $3$-folds and also improve their result, using birational geometry.
Cubic fourfolds with birational Fano varieties of lines
本文给出了几对非同构三次四重体例子，证明其 Fano 直线簇是有理等价的，为 Fourier-Mukai 伙伴猜想提供新证据，并提出三次四重体与其 Fano 直线簇有理等价性相关的猜想。
We prove birational superrigidity of Fano double hypersurfaces of index one with quadratic and multi-quadratic singularities, satisfying certain regularity conditions, and give an effective explicit lower bound for the codimension of the set of non-rigid varieties in the natural parameter space of the family. The lower bound is quadratic in the dimension of the variety. The proof is based on the techniques of hypertangent divisors combined with the recently discovered $4n^2$-inequality for complete intersection singularities.
Given a natural number $l$ and a weak Fano $n$-fold $X$ with $\operatorname{dim}\overline{φ_{-lK_X}(X)}\geq n-1$, we study the lower bound of the anti-canonical volume and the upper bound of the anti-canonical stability index. The method can also be used to give similar bounds for polarised Calabi-Yau varieties.
Birational geometry of Fano varieties of lines on cubic fourfolds containing pairs of cubic scrolls
研究包含三次滚动面对的三次四重线上Fano簇（超Kähler四重）的双有理几何，识别所有双有理模型并给出显式映射，同时刻画双有理自同构群的生成元和关系。
Extending previous results, we prove that for $n \ge 5$ all hypersurfaces of degree $n+1$ in ${\mathbb P}^{n+1}$ with isolated ordinary double points are birational superrigid and K-stable, hence admit a weak Kähler--Einstein metric.
The theorem referred to in the title is a technical result that is needed for the classification of elliptic and K3 fibrations birational to Fano 3-fold hypersurfaces in weighted projective space. We present a complete proof of the Curve Exclusion Theorem, which first appeared in the author's unpublished PhD thesis [Ry02] and has since been relied upon in solutions to many cases of the fibration classification problem. We give examples of these solutions and discuss them briefly.
We completely classify toric weakened Fano 3-folds, that is, smooth toric weak Fano 3-folds which are not Fano but are deformed to smooth Fano 3-folds. There exist exactly 15 toric weakened Fano 3-folds up to isomorphisms.
A complete classification is presented of elliptic and K3 fibrations birational to certain mildly singular complex Fano 3-folds. Detailed proofs are given for one example case, namely that of a general hypersurface X of degree 30 in weighted P^4 with weights 1,4,5,6,15; but our methods apply more generally. For constructing birational maps from X to elliptic and K3 fibrations we use Kawamata blowups and Mori theory to compute anticanonical rings; to exclude other possible fibrations we make a close examination of the strictly canonical singularities of (X,(1/n)H), where H is the linear system …
In this paper we study smooth toric Fano varieties using primitive relations and toric Mori theory. We show that for any irreducible invariant divisor D in a toric Fano variety X, we have $0\leqρ_X-ρ_D\leq 3$, for the difference of the Picard numbers of X and D. Moreover, if $ρ_X-ρ_D>0$ (with some additional hypotheses if $ρ_X-ρ_D=1$), we give an explicit birational description of X. Using this result, we show that when dim X=5, we have $ρ_X\leq 9$. In the second part of the paper, we study equivariant birational morphisms f whose source is Fano. We give some general results, and in dimension …
We complete the analysis on the birational rigidity of quasismooth Fano 3-fold deformation families appearing in the Graded Ring Database as a complete intersection. When such a deformation family $X$ has Fano index at least 2 and is minimally embedded in a weighted projective space in codimension 2, we determine which cyclic quotient singularity is a maximal centre. If a cyclic quotient singularity is a maximal centre, we construct a Sarkisov link to a non-isomorphic Mori fibre space or a birational involution. This allows, in particular, the construction of new examples of Fano 3-folds of co…
We establish birational superrigidity for a large class of singular projective Fano hypersurfaces of index one. In the special case of isolated singularities, our result applies for instance to: (1) hypersurfaces with semi-homogeneous singularities of multiplicity asymptotically bounded by twice the square root of the dimension of the hypersurface, (2) hypersurfaces with isolated singularities whose Tyurina numbers satisfy a similar bound, and (3) hypersurfaces with isolated singularities whose dual variety is a hypersurface of degree sufficiently close to the expected degree.
Toric geometry provides a bridge between algebraic geometry and combinatorics of fans and polytopes. For each polarized toric variety (X,L) we have associated a polytope P. In this thesis we use this correspondence to study birational geometry for toric varieties. To this end, we address subjects such as Minimal Model Program, Mori fiber spaces, and chamber structures on the cone of effective divisors. We translate some results from these theories to the combinatorics of polytopes and use them to get structure theorems on space of polytopes. In particular, we treat toric varieties known as 2-F…
We explain a web of Sarkisov links that overlies the classification of Fano weighted projective spaces in dimensions 3 and 4, extending results of Prokhorov.
In this paper, we classify smooth toric Fano 5-folds of index 2. There exist exactly 10 smooth toric Fano 5-folds of index 2 up to isomorphisms.
In this paper, we introduce the notion of toric special weak Fano manifolds, which have only special primitive crepant contractions. We study the structure of them, and in particular completely classify smooth toric special weak Fano 4-folds. As a result, we can confirm that almost every smooth toric special weak Fano 4-fold is a weakened Fano manifold, that is, a weak Fano manifold which can be deformed to a Fano manifold.
We prove that every non-trivial structure of a rationally connected fibre space (and so every structure of a Mori-Fano fibre space) on a general (in the sense of Zariski topology) hypersurface of degree $M$ in the $(M+1)$-dimensional projective space for $M\geq 14$ is given by a pencil of hyperplane sections. In particular, the variety $V$ is non-rational and its group of birational self-maps coincide with the group of biregular automorphisms and is therefore trivial. The proof is based on the techniques of the method of maximal singularities and the inversion of adjunction.
For a Zariski general (regular) hypersurface $V$ of degree $M$ in the $(M+1)$-dimensional projective space, where $M$ is at least 16, with at most quadratic singularities of rank at least 13, we give a complete description of the structures of rationally connected (or Fano-Mori) fibre space: every such structure over a positive-dimensional base is a pencil of hyperplane sections. This implies, in particular, that $V$ is non-rational and its groups of birational and biregular automorphisms coincide. The set of non-regular hypersurfaces has codimension at least $\frac12(M-11)(M-10)-10$ in the na…
Birational rigidity and alpha invariants of Fano varieties
本文构造双有理超刚性及带有限群作用的 Fano 簇，证明其 alpha 不变量可任意接近 $1/2$，群版本 alpha 不变量可任意小。
We prove birational superrigidity of direct products $V=F_1\times...\times F_K$ of primitive Fano varieties of the following two types: either $F_i\subset{\mathbb P}^M$ is a general hypersurface of degree $M$, $M\geq 6$, or $F_i\stackrelσ{\to}{\mathbb P}^M$ is a general double space of index 1, $M\geq 3$. In particular, each structure of a rationally connected fiber space on $V$ is given by a projection onto a direct factor. The proof is based on the connectedness principle of Shokurov and Koll\' ar and the technique of hypertangent divisors.
We present some applications of the deformation theory of toric Fano varieties to K-(semi/poly)stability of Fano varieties. First, we present two examples of K-polystable toric Fano 3-fold with obstructed deformations. In one case, the K-moduli spaces and stacks are reducible near the closed point associated to the toric Fano 3-fold, while in the other they are non-reduced near the closed point associated to the toric Fano 3-fold. Second, we study K-stability of the general members of two deformation families of smooth Fano 3-folds by building degenerations to K-polystable toric Fano 3-folds.
The purpose of this paper is to give basic tools for the classification of nonsingular toric Fano varieties by means of the notions of primitive collections and primitive relations due to Batyrev. By using them we can easily deal with equivariant blow-ups and blow-downs, and get an easy criterion to determine whether a given nonsingular toric variety is a Fano variety or not. As applications of these results, we get a toric version of a theorem of Mori, and can classify, in principle, all nonsingular toric Fano varieties obtained from a given nonsingular toric Fano variety by finite succession…
In this note we prove that any toric Fano manifold with nef tangent bundle is a product of projective spaces. In particular, it implies that Campana-Peternell conjecture hold for toric manifolds.
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