A locally conformally Kaehler (l.c.K.) manifold is a complex manifold admitting a Kaehler covering $\tilde M$, with each deck transformation acting by Kaehler homotheties. A compact l.c.K. manifold is Vaisman if it admits a holomorphic flow acting by non-trivial homotheties on $\tilde M$. We prove a structure theorem for compact Vaisman manifolds. Every compact Vaisman manifold M is fibered over a circle, the fibers are Sasakian, the fibration is locally trivial, and M is reconstructed as a Riemannian suspension from the Sasakian structure on the fibers and the monodromy automorphism induced by this fibration. This construction is canonical and functorial in both directions.
We give an explicit description of the Bott-Chern cohomology groups of a compact Vaisman manifold in terms of the basic cohomology. We infer that the Bott-Chern numbers and the Dolbeault numbers of a Vaisman manifold determine each other. On the other hand, we show that the cohomological invariants $Δ^k$ introduced by Angella-Tomassini are unbounded for Vaisman manifolds. Finally, we give a cohomological characterization of the Dolbeault and Bott-Chern formality for Vaisman metrics.
We prove the non-existence of Vaisman metrics on some solvmanifolds with left-invariant complex structures. By this theorem, we show that Oeljeklaus-Toma manifolds does not admit Vaisman metrics.
Vaisman manifolds are strongly related to Kähler and Sasaki geometry. In this paper we introduce toric Vaisman structures and show that this relationship still holds in the toric context. It is known that the so-called minimal covering of a Vaisman manifold is the Riemannian cone over a Sasaki manifold. We show that if a complete Vaisman manifold is toric, then the associated Sasaki manifold is also toric. Conversely, a toric complete Sasaki manifold, whose Kähler cone is equipped with an appropriate compatible action, gives rise to a toric Vaisman manifold. In the special case of a strongly r…
A locally conformally Kaehler (LCK) manifold is a complex manifold admitting a Kaehler covering M, with monodromy acting on M by Kaehler homotheties. A compact LCK manifold is Vaisman if it admits a holomorphic flow acting by non-trivial homotheties on M. We prove a non-Kaehler analogue of Kodaira embedding theorem: any compact Vaisman manifold admits a natural holomorphic immersion to a Hopf manifold. As an application, we obtain that any Sasakian manifold has a contact immersion to an odd-dimensional sphere.
The holonomy of the Bismut connection on Vaisman manifolds is studied. We prove that if $M^{2n}$ is endowed with a Vaisman structure, then the holonomy group of the Bismut connection is contained in U$(n-1)$. We compute explicitly this group for particular types of manifolds, namely, solvmanifolds and some classical Hopf manifolds.
We extend to metric compact mapping tori a splitting result for coKähler manifolds. In particular, we prove that a compact Vaisman manifold is finitely covered by the product of a Sasakian manifold and a circle.
We construct a type of transverse deformations of a Vaisman manifold, which preserves the canonical foliation. For this construction we only need a basic 1-form with certain properties. We show that such basic 1-forms exist in abundance.
A Vaisman manifold is a special kind of locally conformally Kaehler manifold, which is closely related to a Sasaki manifold. In this paper we show a basic structure theorem of simply connected homogeneous Sasaki and Vaisman manifods of unimodular Lie groups, up to holomorphic isometry. For the case of unimodular Lie groups, we obtain a complete classification of simply connected Sasaki and Vaisman unimodular Lie groups, up to modification.
We use the transverse Kähler-Ricci flow on the canonical foliation of a closed Vaisman manifold to deform the Vaisman metric into another Vaisman metric with a transverse Kähler-Einstein structure. We also study the main features of such a manifold. Among other results, using techniques from the theory of parabolic equations, we obtain a direct proof for the short time existence of the solution for transverse {\K}-Ricci flow on Vaisman manifolds, recovering in a particular setting a result of Bedulli, He and Vezzoni [J. Geom. Anal. 28, 697--725 (2018)], but without employing the Molino structu…
In this paper we investigate the spectral sequence associated to a Riemannian foliation which arises naturally on a Vaisman manifold. Using the Betti numbers of the underlying manifold we establish a lower bound for the dimension of some terms of this cohomological object. This way we obtain cohomological obstructions for two-dimensional foliations to be induced from a Vaisman structure. We show that if the foliation is quasi-regular the lower bound is realized. In the final part of the paper we discuss two examples.
Vaisman's theorem for locally conformally Kähler (lcK) compact manifolds states that any lcK metric on a compact complex manifold which admits a Kähler metric is, in fact, globally conformally Kähler (gcK). In this paper, we extend this theorem to compact complex spaces with singularities.
A locally conformally Kahler manifold is a Hermitian manifold $(M,I,ω)$ satisfying $dω=θ\wedge ω$, where $θ$ is a closed 1-form, called the Lee form of $M$. It is called pluricanonical if $\nablaθ$ is of Hodge type $(2,0)+(0,2)$, where $\nabla$ is the Levi-Civita connection, and Vaisman if $\nablaθ=0$. We show that a compact LCK manifold is pluricanonical if and only if the Lee form has constant length and the Kahler form of its covering admits an automorphic potential. Using a degenerate Monge-Ampere equation and the classification of surfaces of Kahler rank one, due to Brunella, Chiose and T…
A locally conformally Kähler (LCK) manifold is a complex manifold whose universal cover is Kähler with monodromy group acting on the universal cover by holomorphic homotheties. A Vaisman manifold $M$ is a compact non-Kähler LCK manifold admitting an action of a holomorphic conformal flow lifting to an action on a Kähler cover by nontrivial homotheties. When the orbits of the action on $M$ are compact, it is known that every stable holomorphic vector bundle over $M$, $\dim(M) \geq 3$, is equivariant and filtrable. In the present paper we generalize this result to irregular Vaisman manifolds.
We provide models that are as close as possible to being formal for a large class of compact manifolds that admit a transversely Kaehler structure, including Vaisman and quasi-Sasakian manifolds. As an application we are able to classify the corresponding nilmanifolds.
A locally conformally Kähler (LCK) manifold $M$ is one which is covered by a Kähler manifold $\tilde M$ with the deck transform group acting conformally on $\tilde M$. If $M$ admits a holomorphic flow, acting on $\tilde M$ conformally, it is called a Vaisman manifold. Neither the class of LCK manifolds nor that of Vaisman manifolds is stable under small deformations. We define a new class of LCK-manifolds, called LCK manifolds with potential, which is closed under small deformations. All Vaisman manifolds are LCK with potential. We show that an LCK-manifold with potential admits a covering whi…
We establish a Hard Lefschetz Theorem for the de Rham cohomology of compact Vaisman manifolds. A similar result is proved for the basic cohomology with respect to the Lee vector field. Motivated by these results, we introduce the notions of a Lefschetz and of a basic Lefschetz locally conformal symplectic (l.c.s.) manifold of the first kind. We prove that the two notions are equivalent if there exists a Riemannian metric such that the Lee vector field is unitary and parallel and its metric dual $1$-form coincides with the Lee $1$-form. Finally, we discuss several examples of compact l.c.s. man…
The last years have seen striking improvements on Vaisman's question about existence of locally conformally Kähler (lcK) metrics on compact complex surfaces. The aim of this paper is two-fold. We review results of different authors which, for all known examples of compact complex surfaces, give a complete answer to Vaisman's question. We also point out a relation between lcK surfaces and generalized Kähler geometry in four-dimension and prove a new result concerning generalized Kähler structures on Hyperbolic Inoue surfaces. We conclude with a simple observation on a question of Brunella.
We consider locally conformal Kaehler geometry as an equivariant (homothetic) Kaehler geometry: a locally conformal Kaehler manifold is, up to equivalence, a pair (K,Γ) where K is a Kaehler manifold and Γa discrete Lie group of biholomorphic homotheties acting freely and properly discontinuously. We define a new invariant of a locally conformal Kaehler manifold (K,Γ) as the rank of a natural quotient of Γ, and prove its invariance under reduction. This equivariant point of view leads to a proof that locally conformal Kaehler reduction of compact Vaisman manifolds produces Vaisman manifolds and…
We prove that a compact lcK manifold with holomorphic Lee vector field is Vaisman provided that either the Lee field has constant norm or the metric is Gauduchon (i.e., the Lee field is divergence-free). We also give examples of compact lcK manifolds with holomorphic Lee vector field which are not Vaisman.
We prove that if a compact nilmanifold $Γ\backslash G$ is endowed with a Vaisman structure, then $G$ is isomorphic to the Cartesian product of the Heisenberg group with $\mathbb{R}$.
We define reduction of locally conformal Kaehler manifolds, considered as conformal Hermitian manifolds, and we show its equivalence with an unpublished construction given by Biquard and Gauduchon. We show the compatibility between this reduction and Kaehler reduction of the universal cover. By a recent result of Kamishima and the second author, in the Vaisman case (that is, when a metric in the conformal class has parallel Lee form) if the manifold is compact its universal cover comes equipped with the structure of Kaehler cone over a Sasaki compact manifold. We show the compatibility between…
Locally conformally Kahler (LCK) manifolds with potential are those which admit a Kahler covering with a proper, automorphic Kaehler potential. Existence of a potential can be characterized cohomologically as a vanishing of a certain cohomology class, called the Bott-Chern class. Compact LCK manifolds with potential are stable at small deformations and admit holomorphic embeddings into Hopf manifolds. This class strictly includes the Vaisman manifolds. We show that every compact LCK manifold with potential can be deformed into a Vaisman manifold. Therefore, every such manifold is diffeomorphic…
An LCK manifold with potential is a compact quotient M of a Kahler manifold X equipped with a positive plurisubharmonic function f, such that the monodromy group acts on $X$ by holomorphic homotheties and maps f to a function proportional to f. It is known that M admits an LCK potential if and only if it can be holomorphically embedded to a Hopf manifold. We prove that any non-Vaisman LCK manifold with potential contains a complex surface with normalization biholomorphic to a Hopf surface H. Moreover, H can be chosen non-diagonal, hence, also not admitting a Vaisman structure.
A locally conformally Kahler (LCK) manifold is a complex manifold admitting a Kahler covering, with the monodromy acting on this covering by homotheties. We define three cohomology invariants, the Lee class, the Morse-Novikov class, and the Bott-Chern class, of an LCK-structure. These invariants together play the same role as the Kahler class in Kahler geometry. If these classes for two LCK-structures coincide, the difference between these structures can be expressed by a smooth potential, similar to the Kahler case. We show that the Morse-Novikov class and the Bott-Chern class of a Vaisman ma…
Let $G$ be a complex Lie group acting on a compact complex Hermitian manifold $M$ by holomorphic isometries. We prove that the induced action on the Dolbeault cohomology and on the Bott-Chern cohomology is trivial. We also apply this result to compute the Dolbeault cohomology of Vaisman manifolds.
We show that for $n>2$ a compact locally conformally Kähler manifold $(M^{2n},g,J)$ carrying a non-trivial parallel vector field is either Vaisman, or globally conformally Kähler, determined in an explicit way by some compact Kähler manifold of dimension $2n-2$.
Compact lcK manifolds with Gauduchon parallel vector fields
Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Laboratoire de mathématiques d’Orsay（巴黎萨克雷大学、法国国家科学研究中心、奥赛数学实验室）；Institute of Mathematics “Simion Stoilow” of the Romanian Academy（罗马尼亚科学院西米恩·斯托伊洛瓦数学研究所）；Institut for Matematik, Aarhus University（奥胡斯大学数学系）
We discuss a correspondence between certain contact pairs on the one hand, and certain locally conformally symplectic forms on the other. In particular, we characterize these structures through suspensions of contactomorphisms. If the contact pair is endowed with a normal metric, then the corresponding lcs form is locally conformally Kaehler, and, in fact, Vaisman. This leads to classification results for normal metric contact pairs. In complex dimension two we obtain a new proof of Belgun's classification of Vaisman manifolds under the additional assumption that the Kodaira dimension is non-n…
It is known that automorphism group $G$ of a compact homogeneous locally conformally Kähler manifold $M=G/H$ has at least a 1-dimensional center. We prove that the center of $G$ is at most 2-dimensional, and that if its dimension is 2, then $M$ is Vaisman and isometric to a mapping torus of an isometry of a homogeneous Sasakian manifold.
In this article, we first consider the $L^{2}$ \textit{Morse-Novikov cohomology} on a complete Riemannian manifold $M$ equipped with a parallel $1$-form which includes Vaisman manifold. Based on a vanishing theorem of $L^{2}$ \textit{Morse-Novikov cohomology}, we prove that the $L^{2}$-harmonic forms on $M$ are identically zero.
In this paper we show as main results two structure theorems of a compact homogeneous locally conformally Kaehler (or shortly l.c.K.) manifold, a holomorphic structure theorem asserting that it has a structure of holomorphic principal fiber bundle over a flag manifold with fiber a 1-dimensional complex torus, and a metric structure theorem asserting that it is necessarily of Vaisman type. We also discuss and determine l.c.K. reductive Lie groups and compact locally homogeneous l.c.K. manifolds of reductive Lie groups.
We study compact toric strict locally conformally Kähler manifolds. We show that the Kodaira dimension of the underlying complex manifold is $-\infty$ and that the only compact complex surfaces admitting toric strict locally conformally Kähler metrics are the diagonal Hopf surfaces. We also show that every toric Vaisman manifold has lcK rank 1 and is isomorphic to the mapping torus of an automorphism of a toric compact Sasakian manifold.
We consider several transformation groups of a locally conformally Kähler manifold and discuss their inter-relations. Among other results, we prove that all conformal vector fields on a compact Vaisman manifold which is neither locally conformally hyperkähler nor a diagonal Hopf manifold are Killing, holomorphic and that all affine vector fields with respect to the minimal Weyl connection of a locally conformally Kähler manifold which is neither Weyl-reducible nor locally conformally hyperkähler are holomorphic and conformal
We prove various classification results for homogeneous locally conformally symplectic manifolds. In particular, we show that a homogeneous locally conformally Kaehler manifold of a reductive group is of Vaisman type, if the normalizer of the isotropy group is compact. We also show that such a result does not hold in the case of noncompact normalizer and determine all left-invariant locally conformally Kaehler structures on reductive Lie groups.
We prove that the normal metric contact pairs with orthogonal characteristic foliations, which are either Bochner flat or locally conformally flat, are locally isometric to the Hopf manifolds. As a corollary we obtain the classification of locally conformally flat and Bochner-flat non-Kähler Vaisman manifolds.
We prove that a compact toric locally conformally Kähler manifold which is not Kähler admits a toric Vaisman structure, a fact which was conjectured in \cite{mmp}. This is the final step leading to the classification of compact toric locally conformally Kähler manifolds started in \cite{p} and \cite{mmp}. We also show, by constructing an example, that unlike in the symplectic case, toric locally conformally symplectic manifolds are not necessarily toric locally conformally Kähler.
We define a partition of the space of projectively flat metrics in three classes according to the sign of the Chern scalar curvature; we prove that the class of negative projectively flat metrics is empty, and that the class of positive projectively flat metrics consists precisely of locally conformally flat-Kähler metrics on Hopf manifolds, explicitly characterized by Vaisman. Finally, we review the properties of zero projectively flat metrics. As applications, we refine a list of possible projectively flat metrics by Li, Yau, and Zheng; moreover we prove that projectively flat astheno-Kähler…
A locally conformally Kähler (LCK) manifold is a complex manifold covered by a Kähler manifold, with the covering group acting by homotheties. We show that if such a compact manifold X admits a holomorphic submersion with positive dimensional fibers at least one of which is of Kähler type, then X is globally conformally Kähler or biholomorphic, up to finite covers, to a Vaisman manifold (i.e. a mapping torus over a circle, with Sasakian fibre). As a consequence, we show that the product between a compact non-Kähler LCK and a compact Kähler manifold cannot carry a LCK metric.
A Hermitian Einstein-Weyl manifold is a complex manifold admitting a Ricci-flat Kaehler covering W, with the deck transform acting on W by homotheties. If compact, it admits a canonical Vaisman metric, due to Gauduchon. We show that a Hermitian Einstein-Weyl structure on a compact complex manifold is determined by its volume form. This result is a conformal analogue of Calabi's theorem stating the uniqueness of Kaehler metrics with a given volume form in a given Kaehler class. We prove that a solution of a conformal version of complex Monge-Ampere equation is unique. We conjecture that a Hermi…
We investigate special lcs and twisted Hamiltonian torus actions on strict lcs manifolds and characterize them geometrically in terms of the minimal presentation. We prove a convexity theorem for the corresponding twisted moment map, establishing thus an analog of the symplectic convexity theorem of Atiyah and Guillemin-Sternberg. We also prove similar results for the symplectic moment map (defined on the minimal presentation) whose image is then a convex cone. In the special case of a compact toric Vaisman manifold, we obtain a structure theorem.
