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arXiv math/0304257math.DGmath.AP
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三球面中的正曲面

Positively curved surfaces in the three-sphere

Ben Andrews

摘要:

在这次演讲中,我将讨论一个例子,使用完全非线性抛物流来证明几何结果。我要强调的事实是,有各种各样的几何抛物型方程可供选择,为了得到最好的结果,选择最佳的流动是非常重要的。我将在三维球体中的曲面设置中说明这一点。对于球面上满足各种曲率方程的曲面,包括全脐曲面、极小曲面、常中曲率曲面和内禀平坦曲面,已有相当多的相关结果。抛物流可以通过允许曲面类满足曲率不等式而不是等式来加强这样的结果:这首先由Huisken完成,他使用中曲率流将某些曲面类变形为完全脐曲面。这就引出了一个问题:“这种类型的最佳结果是什么?”也就是说,什么是最弱的点态曲率条件,它定义了一类曲面,它缩回到大球面的空间?这个问题的答案可以根据例子来猜测。为了证明它,需要对发展方程做出一个令人惊讶的选择,这是由保持逐点曲率条件的要求所迫使的。最后,我将提到一些其他的几何情形,在这些情形中,强有力的结果可以通过选择最好的可能发展方程来证明。

英文摘要:

In this talk I will discuss an example of the use of fully nonlinear parabolic flows to prove geometric results. I will emphasise the fact that there is a wide variety of geometric parabolic equations to choose from, and to get the best results it can be very important to choose the best flow. I will illustrate this in the setting of surfaces in a three-dimensional sphere. There are quite a few relevant results for surfaces in the sphere satisfying various kinds of curvature equations, including totally umbillic surfaces, minimal surfaces and constant mean curvature surfaces, and intrinsically flat surfaces. Parabolic flows can strengthen such results by allowing classes of surfaces satisfying curvature inequalities rather than equalities: This was first done by Huisken, who used mean curvature flow to deform certain classes of surfaces to totally umbillic surfaces. This motivates the question ``What is the optimal result of this kind?'' -- that is, what is the weakest pointwise curvature condition which defines a class of surfaces which retracts to the space of great spheres? The answer to this question can be guessed in view of the examples. To prove it requires a surprising choice of evolution equation, forced by the requirement that the pointwise curvature condition be preserved. I will conclude by mentioning some other geometric situations in which strong results can be proved by choosing the best possible evolution equation.

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