We describe a numerical method to simulate an elastic shell immersed in a viscous incompressible fluid. The method is developed as an extension of the immersed boundary method using shell equations based on the Kirchhoff-Love and the planar stress hypotheses. A detailed derivation of the shell equations used in the numerical method is presented. This derivation as well as the numerical method, use techniques of differential geometry in an essential way. Our main motivation for the development of this method is its use in the construction of a comprehensive three-dimensional computational model of the cochlea (the inner ear). The central object of study within the cochlea is the ``basilar membrane'', which is immersed in fluid and whose elastic properties rather resemble those of a shell. We apply the method to a specific example, which is a prototype of a piece of the basilar membrane and study the convergence of the method in this case. Some typical features of cochlear mechanics are already captured in this simple model. In particular, numerical experiments have shown a traveling wave propagating from the base to the apex of the model shell in response to external excitation in the fluid.
A Fully Coupled Immersed Finite Element Method for Fluid Structure Interaction via the Deal.II Library
Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati（高等师范学院）；Center for Neural Engineering（神经工程中心）；Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics（工程科学与工程力学系）；The Pennsylvania State University（宾夕法尼亚州立大学）
We present a novel formulation for the immersed coupling of Isogeometric Analysis (IGA) and Peridynamics (PD) for the simulation of fluid-structure interaction (FSI). We focus on air-blast FSI and address the computational challenges of immersed FSI methods in the simulation of fracture and fragmentation by developing a weakly volume-coupled FSI formulation by means of a simple penalty approach. We show the mathematical formulation and present several numerical examples of inelastic ductile and brittle solids that clearly demonstrate the power and robustness of the proposed methodology.
We present a novel formulation based on an immersed coupling of Isogeometric Analysis (IGA) and Peridynamics (PD) for the simulation of fluid-structure interaction (FSI) phenomena for air blast. We aim to develop a practical computational framework that is capable of capturing the mechanics of air blast coupled to solids and structures that undergo large, inelastic deformations with extreme damage and fragmentation. An immersed technique is used, which involves an a priori monolithic FSI formulation with the implicit detection of the fluid-structure interface and without limitations on the sol…
This paper introduces a sharp interface method to simulate fluid-structure interaction (FSI) involving rigid bodies immersed in viscous incompressible fluids. The capabilities of this methodology are demonstrated for a range of benchmark test cases along with large-scale models of biomedical FSI. The numerical approach developed herein, which we refer to as an immersed Lagrangian-Eulerian method, integrates aspects of partitioned and immersed FSI formulations by solving separate momentum equations for the fluid and solid subdomains, as in a partitioned formulation, while also using non-conform…
Bayesian calibration is widely used for inverse analysis and uncertainty analysis for complex systems in the presence of both computer models and observation data. In the present work, we focus on large-scale fluid-structure interaction systems characterized by large structural deformations. Numerical methods to solve these problems, including embedded/immersed boundary methods, are typically not differentiable and lack smoothness. We propose a framework that is built on unscented Kalman filter/inversion to efficiently calibrate and provide uncertainty estimations of such complicated models wi…
We propose a finite element method for simulating one-dimensional solid models moving and experiencing large deformations while immersed in generalized Newtonian fluids. The method is oriented towards applications involving microscopic devices or organisms in the soft-bio-matter realm. By considering that the strain energy of the solid may explicitly depend on time, we incorporate a mechanism for active response. The solids are modeled as Cosserat rods, a detailed formulation being provided for the special case of a planar non-shearable rod. The discretization adopts one-dimensional Hermite el…
The immersed boundary method is a mathematical framework for modeling fluid-structure interaction. This formulation describes the momentum, viscosity, and incompressibility of the fluid-structure system in Eulerian form, and it uses Lagrangian coordinates to describe the structural deformations, stresses, and resultant forces. Integral transforms with Dirac delta function kernels connect the Eulerian and Lagrangian frames. The fluid and the structure are both typically treated as incompressible materials. Upon discretization, however, the incompressibility of the structure is only maintained a…
From the steady Stokes and Navier-Stokes models, a penalization method has been considered by several authors for approximating those fluid equations around obstacles. In this work, we present a justification for using fictitious domains to study obstacles immersed in incompressible viscous fluids through a simplified version of Brinkman's law for porous media. If the scalar function $ψ$ is considered as the inverse of permeability, it is possible to study the singularities of $ψ$ as approximations of obstacles (when $ψ$ tends to $\infty$) or of the domain corresponding to the fluid (when $ψ= …
Fluid-structure interactions are central to many bio-molecular processes, and they impose a great challenge for computational and modeling methods. In this paper, we consider the immersed boundary method (IBM) for biofluid systems, and to alleviate the computational cost, we apply reduced-order techniques to eliminate the degrees of freedom associated with a large number of fluid variables. We show how reduced models can be derived using Petrov-Galerkin projection and subspaces that maintain the incompressibility condition. More importantly, the reduced-order model is shown to preserve the Lya…
The immersed boundary (IB) method is a general mathematical framework for studying problems involving fluid-structure interactions in which an elastic structure is immersed in a viscous incompressible fluid. In the IB formulation, the fluid described by Eulerian variables is coupled with the immersed structure described by Lagrangian variables via the use of the Dirac delta function. From a numerical standpoint, the Lagrangian force spreading and the Eulerian velocity interpolation are carried out by a regularized, compactly supported discrete delta function, which is assumed to be a tensor pr…
The immersed boundary-finite element method (IBFE) is an approach to describing the dynamics of an elastic structure immersed in an incompressible viscous fluid. In this formulation, there are discontinuities in the pressure and viscous stress at fluid-structure interfaces. The standard immersed boundary approach, which connects the Lagrangian and Eulerian variables via integral transforms with regularized Dirac delta function kernels, smooths out these discontinuities, which generally leads to low order accuracy. This paper describes an approach to accurately resolve pressure discontinuities …
The immersed boundary method is a numerical and mathematical formulation for solving fluid-structure interaction problems. It relies on solving fluid equations on an Eulerian fluid grid and interpolating the resulting velocity back onto immersed structures. To resolve slender fibers, the grid spacing must be on the order of the fiber radius, and thus the number of required grid points along the filament must be of the same order as the aspect ratio. Simulations of slender bodies using the IB method can therefore be intractable. A technique is presented to address this problem in the context of…
A Volumetrically Stabilized Mixed Formulation of the Finite Element Immersed Boundary Method for Fluid Structure Interaction with Fully Incompressible Hyperelastic Solids
University at Buffalo（布法罗大学）；Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.（超威半导体公司）
An immersed interface-lattice Boltzmann method (II-LBM) is developed for modelling fluid-structure systems. The key element of this approach is the determination of the jump conditions that are satisfied by the distribution functions within the framework of the lattice Boltzmann method when forces are imposed along a surface immersed in an incompressible fluid. In this initial II-LBM, the discontinuity related to the normal portion of the interfacial force is sharply resolved by imposing the relevant jump conditions using an approach that is analogous to imposing the corresponding pressure jum…
We study, both theoretically and numerically, the equilibrium of a hinged rigid leaflet with an attached rotational spring, immersed in a stationary incompressible fluid within a rigid channel. Through a careful investigation of the properties of the functional describing the angular momentum exerted by the fluid on the leaflet (which depends on both the leaflet angular position and its thickness), we identify sufficient conditions on the spring stiffness function for the existence (and uniqueness) of equilibrium positions. We propose a numerical technique that exploits the mesh flexibility of…
In the immersed boundary (IB) approach to fluid-structure interaction modeling, the coupling between the fluid and structure variables is mediated using a regularized version of Dirac delta function. In the IB literature, the regularized delta functions, also referred to IB kernel functions, are either derived analytically from a set of postulates or computed numerically using the moving least squares (MLS) approach. Whereas the analytical derivations typically assume a regular Cartesian grid, the MLS method is a meshless technique that can be used to generate kernel functions on complex domai…
We analyse three time integration schemes for unfitted methods in fluid structure interaction. In Alghorithm 1 we propose a fully discrete monolithic algorithm with P1 P1 stabilized finite elements for the fluid problem; for this alghorithm we prove well-posedness, unconditional stability and convergence in the case of linearized problem (see Propositions 2.4.2, 2.4.3 and Theorem 3.3.7, respectively). The analysis optimal convergence rates as expected from the Euler scheme, and the supposed regularity of the solution to the continuous problem. Moreover we introduce two algorithms that allow fo…
An immersed peridynamics method for fluid-driven damage and failure of anisotropic materials
Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, University of Texas（德克萨斯大学奥登计算工程与科学研究所）；Department of Mathematics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill（北卡罗来纳大学教堂山分校数学系）；Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill（北卡罗来纳大学教堂山分校应用物理科学系）；Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill（北卡罗来纳大学教堂山分校生物医学工程系）；Carolina Center for Interdisciplinary Applied Mathematics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill（北卡罗来纳大学查尔斯顿跨学科应用数学中心）；Computational Medicine Program, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill（北卡罗来纳大学计算医学项目）；McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill（北卡罗来纳大学麦克阿利斯特的心脏研究所）
The numerical approximation of incompressible fluid-structure interaction problems with Lagrange multiplier is generally based on strongly coupled schemes. This delivers unconditional stability but at the expense of solving a computationally demanding coupled system at each time-step. For the case of the coupling with immersed thin-walled solids, we introduce a class of semi-implicit coupling schemes which avoids strongly coupling without compromising stability and accuracy. A priori energy and error estimates are derived. The theoretical results are illustrated through numerical experiments i…
We present an immersed boundary method to simulate the creeping motion of a rigid particle in a fluid described by the Stokes equations discretized thanks to a finite element strategy on unfitted meshes, called Phi-FEM, that uses the description of the solid with a level-set function. One of the advantages of our method is the use of standard finite element spaces and classical integration tools, while maintaining the optimal convergence (theoretically in the H1 norm for the velocity and L2 for pressure; numerically also in the L2 norm for the velocity).
This paper introduces a new immersed boundary (IB) method for viscous incompressible flow, based on a Fourier spectral method for the fluid solver and on the nonuniform fast Fourier transform (NUFFT) algorithm for coupling the fluid with the immersed boundary. The new Fourier spectral immersed boundary (FSIB) method gives improved boundary resolution in comparison to the standard IB method. The interpolated velocity field, in which the boundary moves, is analytically divergence-free. The FSIB method is gridless and has the meritorious properties of volume conservation, exact translation invari…
The dissolution of solids has created spectacular geomorphologies ranging from centimeter-scale cave scallops to the kilometer-scale "stone forests" of China and Madagascar. Mathematically, dissolution processes are modeled by a Stefan problem, which describes how the motion of a phase-separating interface depends on local concentration gradients, coupled to a fluid flow. Simulating these problems is challenging, requiring the evolution of a free interface whose motion depends on the normal derivatives of an external field in an ever-changing domain. Moreover, density differences created in th…
A Pressure-Robust Immersed Interface Method for Discrete Surfaces
Department of Mathematics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill（北卡罗来纳大学教堂山分校数学系）；Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill（北卡罗来纳大学教堂山分校生物医学工程系）；Carolina Center for Interdisciplinary Applied Mathematics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill（北卡罗来纳大学教堂山分校卡罗莱纳跨学科应用数学中心）；Computational Medicine Program, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill（北卡罗来纳大学医学院计算医学项目）；McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill（北卡罗来纳大学医学院麦克阿利斯特的心脏研究所）
The Immersed Boundary (IB) method is a widely-used numerical methodology for the simulation of fluid-structure interaction problems. The IB method utilizes an Eulerian discretization for the fluid equations of motion while maintaining a Lagrangian representation of structural objects. Operators are defined for transmitting information (forces and velocities) between these two representations. Most IB simulations represent their structures with piecewise-linear approximations and utilize Hookean spring models to approximate structural forces. Our specific motivation is the modeling of platelets…
A major challenge in the computational fluid dynamics modeling of the heart function is the simulation of isovolumetric phases when the hemodynamics problem is driven by a prescribed boundary displacement. During such phases, both atrioventricular and semilunar valves are closed: consequently, the ventricular pressure may not be uniquely defined, and spurious oscillations may arise in numerical simulations. In this paper, we propose a suitable modification of the Resistive Immersed Implicit Surface (RIIS) method (Fedele et al., 2017) by introducing a reaction term to correctly capture the pres…
