We study certain principal actions on noncommutative C*-algebras. Our main examples are the Z_p- and T-actions on the odd-dimensional quantum spheres, yielding as fixed-point algebras quantum lens spaces and quantum complex projective spaces, respectively. The key tool in our analysis is the relation of the ambient C*-algebras with the Cuntz-Krieger algebras of directed graphs. A general result about the principality of the gauge action on graph algebras is given.
We find a new obstruction to the principal graphs of subfactors. It shows that in a certain family of 3-supertransitive principal graphs, there must be a cycle by depth 6, with one exception, the principal graph of the Haagerup subfactor.
We study almost real spectral triples on quantum lens spaces, as orbit spaces of free actions of cyclic groups on the spectral geometry on the quantum group $SU_q(2)$. These spectral triples are given by weakening some of the conditions of a real spectral triple. We classify the irreducible almost real spectral triples on quantum lens spaces and we study unitary equivalences of such quantum lens spaces. Applying a useful characterization of principal $U(1)$-fibrations in noncommutative geometry, we show that all such quantum lens spaces are principal $U(1)$-fibrations over quantum teardrops.
We describe quantum weighted lens spaces as total spaces of quantum principal circle bundles, using a Cuntz-Pimsner model. The corresponding Pimsner exact sequence is interpreted as a noncommutative analogue of the Gysin exact sequence. We use the sequence to compute the K-theory and K-homology groups of quantum weighted lens spaces, extending previous results and computations due to the author and collaborators.
The notion of {\it free} generalized vertex algebras is introduced. It is equivalent to the notion of {\it generalized principal subspaces} associated with lattices which are not necessarily integral. Combinatorial bases and the characters of the free generalized vertex algebras are given. As an application, the commutants of principal subspaces are described by using generalized principal subspaces.
We show that if the principal graph of a subfactor planar algebra of modulus δ>2 is stable for two depths, then it must end in A_{finite} tails. This result is analogous to Popa's theorem on principal graph stability. We use these theorems to show that an (n-1) supertransitive subfactor planar algebra has jellyfish generators at depth n if and only if its principal graph is a spoke graph.
It is shown that the algebra of continuous functions on the quantum $2n+1$-dimensional lens space $C(L^{2n+1}_q(N; m_0,\ldots, m_n))$ is a graph $C^*$-algebra, for arbitrary positive weights $ m_0,\ldots, m_n$. The form of the corresponding graph is determined from the skew product of the graph which defines the algebra of continuous functions on the quantum sphere $S_q^{2n+1}$ and the cyclic group $\mathbb{Z}_N$, with the labelling induced by the weights. Based on this description, the K-groups of specific examples are computed. Furthermore, the K-groups of the algebras of continuous function…
This is the third in a series of papers studying the vertex-algebraic structure of principal subspaces of twisted modules for lattice vertex operator algebras. We focus primarily on lattices $L$ whose Gram matrix contains only non-negative entries. We develop further ideas originally presented by Calinescu, Lepowsky, and Milas to find presentations (generators and relations) of the principal subspace of a certain natural twisted module for the vertex operator algebra $V_L$. We then use these presentations to construct exact sequences involving this principal subspace, which give a set of recur…
The aim of this work is to construct the quasi-particle basis of principal subspace of standard module of highest weight $kΛ_0$ of level $k\geq 1$ of affine Lie algebra of type $G_2^{(1)}$ by means of which we obtain the basis of principal subspace of generalized Verma module.
Let $G'$ be a closed subgroup of a topological group $G$. A principal $G$-bundle $X$ is reducible to a locally trivial principal $G'$-bundle $X'$ if and only if there exists a local trivialisation of $X$ such that all transition functions take values in $G'$. We prove a noncommutative-geometric counterpart of this theorem. To this end, we employ the concept of a piecewise-trivial principal comodule algebra as a replacement of a locally trivial compact principal bundle. To illustrate our theorem, first we define a new noncommutative deformation of the $\mathbb{Z}/2\mathbb{Z}$-principal bundle $…
We obtain a presentation of principal subspaces of basic modules for the twisted affine Kac-Moody Lie algebras of type $A_{2n-1}^{(2)}$, $D_n^{(2)}$ and $E_6^{(2)}$. Using this presentation, we construct exact sequences among these principal subspaces, and use these exact sequences to obtain recursions satisfied by graded dimensions of the principal subspaces. Solving these recursions, we obtain the graded dimensions of the principal subspaces.
We consider principal subspaces $W_{L(kΛ_0)}$ and $W_{N(kΛ_0)}$ of standard module $L(kΛ_0)$ and generalized Verma module $N(kΛ_0)$ at level $k\geq 1$ for affine Lie algebra of type $B_2^{(1)}$. By using the theory of vertex operator algebras, we find combinatorial bases of principal ubspaces in terms of quasi-particles. From quasi-particle bases, we obtain character formulas for $W_{L(kΛ_0)}$ and $W_{N(kΛ_0)}$.
By using the ideas of Feigin and Stoyanovsky and Calinescu, Lepowsky and Milas we introduce and study the principal subspaces associated with the Etingof-Kazhdan quantum affine vertex algebra of integer level $k\geqslant 1$ and type $A_1^{(1)}$. We show that the principal subspaces possess the quantum vertex algebra structure, which turns to the usual vertex algebra structure of the principal subspaces of generalized Verma and standard modules at the classical limit. Moreover, we find their topological quasi-particle bases which correspond to the sum sides of certain Rogers-Ramanujan-type iden…
We consider principal subspace W(Λ) of integrable highest weight module L(Λ) for quantum affine algebra $U_q(\hat{\mathfrak{sl}}_{n+1})$. We introduce quantum analogues of the quasi-particles associated with the principal subspaces for $\hat{\mathfrak{sl}}_{n+1}$ and discover certain relations among them. By using these relations we find, for certain highest weight Λ, combinatorial bases of principal subspace W(Λ) in terms of monomials of quantum quasi-particles.
A comodule algebra P over a Hopf algebra H with bijective antipode is called principal if the coaction of H is Galois and P is H-equivariantly projective (faithfully flat) over the coaction-invariant subalgebra B. We prove that principality is a piecewise property: given N comodule-algebra surjections P->Pi whose kernels intersect to zero, P is principal if and only if all Pi's are principal. Furthermore, assuming the principality of P, we show that the lattice these kernels generate is distributive if and only if so is the lattice obtained by intersection with B. Finally, assuming the above d…
We consider the principal subspaces of certain level $k\geqslant 1$ integrable highest weight modules and generalized Verma modules for the untwisted affine Lie algebras in types $D$, $E$ and $F$. Generalizing the approach of G. Georgiev we construct their quasi-particle bases. We use the bases to derive presentations of the principal subspaces, calculate their character formulae and find some new combinatorial identities.
We generalize to quantum weighted projective spaces in any dimension previous results of us on K-theory and K-homology of quantum projective spaces `tout court'. For a class of such spaces, we explicitly construct families of Fredholm modules, both bounded and unbounded (that is spectral triples), and prove that they are linearly independent in the K-homology of the corresponding C*-algebra. We also show that the quantum weighted projective spaces are base spaces of quantum principal circle bundles whose total spaces are quantum lens spaces. We construct finitely generated projective modules a…
Generalizing our earlier work, we construct quasi-particle bases of principal subspaces of standard module $L_{X_l^{(1)}}(kΛ_0)$ and generalized Verma module $N_{X_l^{(1)}}(kΛ_0)$ at level $k\geq 1$ in the case of affine Lie algebras of types $B_l^{(1)}$ and $C_l^{(1)}$. As a consequence, from quasi-particle bases, we obtain the graded dimensions of these subspaces.
We investigate an analogue of the Wedderburn principal theorem for associative conformal algebras with finite faithful representations. It is shown that the radical splitting property for an algebra of this kind holds if the maximal semisimple factor of this algebra is unital, but does not hold in general.
We construct combinatorial bases of principal subspaces of standard modules of level $k \geq 1$ with highest weight $kΛ_0$ for the twisted affine Lie algebras of type $A_{2l-1}^{(2)}$, $D_l^{(2)}$, $E_6^{(2)}$ and $D_4^{(3)}$. Using these bases we directly calculate characters of principal subspaces.
Extending earlier work of the authors, this is the first in a series of papers devoted to the vertex-algebraic structure of principal subspaces of standard modules for twisted affine Kac-Moody algebras. In this part, we develop the necessary theory of principal subspaces for the affine Lie algebra A_2^{(2)}, which we expect can be extended to higher rank algebras. As a "test case," we consider the principal subspace of the basic A_2^{(2)}-module and explore its structure in depth.
We study modularity of the characters of a vertex (super)algebra equipped with a family of conformal structures. Along the way we introduce the notions of rationality and cofiniteness relative to such a family. We apply the results to determine modular transformations of trace functions on admissible modules over affine Kac-Moody algebras and, via BRST reduction, trace functions on minimal series representations of principal affine W-algebras.
Principal comodule algebras can be thought of as objects representing principal bundles in non-commutative geometry. A crucial component of a principal comodule algebra is a strong connection map. For some applications it suffices to prove that such a map exists, but for others, such as computing the associated bundle projectors or Chern-Galois characters, an explicit formula for a strong connection is necessary. It has been known for some time how to construct a strong connection map on a multi-pullback comodule algebra from strong connections on multi-pullback components, but the known expli…
We construct quasi-particle bases of principal subspaces of standard modules $L(Λ)$, where $Λ=k_0Λ_0+k_jΛ_j$, and $Λ_j$ denotes the fundamental weight of affine Lie algebras of type $B_l^{(1)}$, $C_l^{(1)}$, $F_4^{(1)}$ or $G_2^{(1)}$ of level one. From the given bases we find characters of principal subspaces.
We introduce the notion of the \textit{principal element} of a Frobenius Lie algebra $\f$. The principal element corresponds to a choice of $F\in \f^*$ such that $F[-,-]$ non-degenerate. In many natural instances, the principal element is shown to be semisimple, and when associated to $\sl_n$, its eigenvalues are integers and are independent of $F$. For certain ``small'' functionals $F$, a simple construction is given which readily yields the principal element. When applied to the first maximal parabolic subalgebra of $\sl_n$, the principal element coincides with semisimple element of the prin…
We prove the rationality of all the minimal series principal W-algebras discovered by Frenkel, Kac and Wakimoto in 1992, thereby giving a new family of rational and C_2-cofinite vertex operator algebras. A key ingredient in our proof is the study of Zhu's algebra of simple W-algebras via the quantized Drinfeld-Sokolov reduction. We show that the functor of taking Zhu's algebra commutes with the reduction functor. Using this general fact we determine the maximal spectrums of the associated graded of Zhu's algebra of all the admissible affine vertex algebras as well.
We use the quantum version of Chebyshev polynomials to explicitly construct the recursive formulas for the Kronecker quantum cluster algebra with principal coefficients. As a byproduct, we obtain two bar-invariant positive $\mathbb{ZP}$-bases with one being the atomic basis.
Generalizing some of our earlier work, we prove natural presentations of the principal subspaces of the level one standard modules for the untwisted affine Lie algebras of types A, D and E, and also of certain related spaces. As a consequence, we obtain a canonical complete set of recursions (q-difference equations) for the (multi-)graded dimensions of these spaces, and we derive their graded dimensions. Our methods are based on intertwining operators in vertex operator algebra theory.
This is the first in a series of papers in which we study vertex-algebraic structure of Feigin-Stoyanovsky's principal subspaces associated to standard modules for both untwisted and twisted affine Lie algebras. A key idea is to prove suitable presentations of principal subspaces, without using bases or even ``small'' spanning sets of these spaces. In this paper we prove presentations of the principal subspaces of the basic A_1^(1)-modules. These convenient presentations were previously used in work of Capparelli-Lepowsky-Milas for the purpose of obtaining the classical Rogers-Ramanujan recurs…
These are the expanded notes of a course given at the Summer school "Geometric, topological and algebraic methods for quantum field theory" held at Villa de Leyva, Colombia in July 2015. We first give an introduction to non-commutative geometry and to the language of Hopf algebras. We next build up a theory of non-commutative principal fiber bundles and consider various aspects of such objects. Finally, we illustrate the theory using the quantum enveloping algebra $U_q\mathfrak{sl}(2)$ and related Hopf algebras.
We construct an irreducible representation for the extended affine algebra of type $sl_2$ with coordinates in a quantum torus. We explicitly give formulas using vertex operators similar to those found in the theory of the infinite rank affine algebra $A_{\infty}$.
Infinite dimensional representations of the real form U_q(u_{n,1}) of the Drinfeld--Jimbo algebra U_q(gl_{n+1}) are defined. The principal series of representations of U_q(u_{n,1}) is studied. Intertwining operators for pairs of the principal series representations are calculated in an explicit form. The structure of reducible representations of the principal series is determined. Irreducible representations of U_q(u_{n,1}), obtained from irreducible and reducible principal series representations, are classified. All *-representations in this set of irreducible representations are separated. U…
We consider the (finite) $W$-algebra $W_{m|n}$ attached to the principal nilpotent orbit in the general linear Lie superalgebra $\mathfrak{gl}_{m|n}(\mathbb C)$. Our main result gives an explicit description of $W_{m|n}$ as a certain truncation of a shifted version of the Yangian $Y(\mathfrak{gl}_{1|1})$. We also show that $W_{m|n}$ admits a triangular decomposition and construct its irreducible representations.
We introduce a general framework for associating to a homogeneous quantum principal bundle a Yetter-Drinfeld module structure on the cotangent space of the base calculus. The holomorphic and anti-holomorphic Heckenberger-Kolb calculi of the quantum Grassmannians are then presented in this framework. This allows us to express the calculi in terms of the corresponding Nichols algebras. The extension of this result to all irreducible quantum flag manifolds is then conjectured.
We translate some fundamental properties satisfied by topological principal bundles into the setting of Hopf-Galois extensions. The properties are: functoriality, homotopy, and triviality. The main new concept of the paper is the homotopy equivalence of Hopf-Galois extensions. We work in the particular case where the subalgebra of coinvariants is central but without any restriction on the Hopf algebras coacting on the quantum principal bundle. We examine in detail the case when the Hopf algebra is one of Sweedler or Taft's finite-dimensional Hopf algebras.
We give an a priori proof of the known presentations of (that is, completeness of families of relations for) the principal subspaces of all the standard A_1^(1)-modules. These presentations had been used by Capparelli, Lepowsky and Milas for the purpose of obtaining the classical Rogers-Selberg recursions for the graded dimensions of the principal subspaces. This paper generalizes our previous paper.
Using completions of certain universal enveloping algebras, we provide a natural setting for families of defining relations for the principal subspaces of standard modules for untwisted affine Lie algebras. We also use the theory of vertex operator algebras and intertwining operators to construct exact sequences among principal subspaces of certain standard $\widehat{\mathfrak{sl}(n)}$-modules, $n \ge 3$. As a consequence, we obtain the multigraded dimensions of the principal subspaces $W(k_1Λ_1 + k_2 Λ_2)$ and $W(k_{n-2}Λ_{n-2} + k_{n-1} Λ_{n-1})$. This generalizes earlier work by Calinescu o…
We present complete realization of irreducible $A_1 ^{(1)}$-modules at the critical level in the principal gradation. Our construction uses vertex algebraic techniques, the theory of twisted modules and representations of Lie conformal superalgebras. We also provide an alternative Z-algebra approach to this construction. All irreducible highest weight $A_1 ^{(1)}$-modules at the critical level are realized on the vector space $M_{\tfrac{1}{2} + \Bbb Z} (1) ^{\otimes 2}$ where $M_{\tfrac{1}{2} + \Bbb Z} (1) $ is the polynomial ring ${\Bbb C}[α(-1/2), α(-3/2), ...]$. Explicit combinatorial bases…
We provide an observation relating several known and conjectured $q$-series identities to the theory of principal subspaces of basic modules for twisted affine Lie algebras. We also state and prove two new families of $q$-series identities. The first family provides quadruple sum representations for Nandi's identities, including a manifestly positive representation for the first identity. The second is a family of new mod 10 identities connected with principal characters of level 4 integrable, highest-weight modules of $\mathrm{D}_4^{(3)}$.
We prove that the class of principal coactions is closed under one-surjective pullbacks in an appropriate category of algebras equipped with left and right coactions. This allows us to handle cases of C*-algebras lacking two different non-trivial ideals. It also allows us to go beyond the category of comodule algebras. As an example of the former, we carry out an index computation for noncommutative line bundles over the standard Podles sphere using the Mayer-Vietoris type arguments afforded by a one-surjective pullback presentation of the C*-algebra of this quantum sphere. To instantiate the …
We consider two different methods of associating vertex algebraic structures with the level $1$ principal subspaces for $U_q (\widehat{\mathfrak{sl}}_2)$. In the first approach, we introduce certain commutative operators and study the corresponding vertex algebra and its module. We find combinatorial bases for these objects and show that they coincide with the principal subspace bases found by B. L. Feigin and A. V. Stoyanovsky. In the second approach, we introduce the, so-called nonlocal $\underline{\mathsf{q}}$-vertex algebras, investigate their properties and construct the nonlocal $\underl…
A self Morita equivalence over an algebra B, given by a B-bimodule E, is thought of as a line bundle over B. The corresponding Pimsner algebra O_E is then the total space algebra of a noncommutative principal circle bundle over B. A natural Gysin-like sequence relates the KK-theories of O_E and of B. Interesting examples come from O_E a quantum lens space over B a quantum weighted projective line (with arbitrary weights). The KK-theory of these spaces is explicitly computed and natural generators are exhibited.
We study the supersymmetric partition function on $S^1 \times L(r, 1)$, or the lens space index of four-dimensional $\mathcal{N}=2$ superconformal field theories and their connection to two-dimensional chiral algebras. We primarily focus on free theories as well as Argyres-Douglas theories of type $(A_1, A_k)$ and $(A_1, D_k)$. We observe that in specific limits, the lens space index is reproduced in terms of the (refined) character of an appropriately twisted module of the associated two-dimensional chiral algebra or a generalized vertex operator algebra. The particular twisted module is dete…
If P, B, H are the algebras of the total space, the base space, and the structure group of a locally trivial principal fibre bundle (QPFB), left (right) gauge transformations are defined as automorphisms of the left (right) B-module P which are adapted to the coaction of the Hopf algebra H and to the covering related to the local trivializations. Covariant derivatives on a QPFB are always transformed into covariant derivatives. This is true for connections only for special choices of the differential structure on H and/or if one restricts to algebra automorphisms. There are analogues of the cl…
In this paper, we initiate the study of nonassociative strict deformation quantization of C*-algebras with a torus action. We shall also present a definition of nonassociative principal torus bundles, and give a classification of these as nonassociative strict deformation quantization of ordinary principal torus bundles. We then relate this to T-duality of principal torus bundles with $H$-flux. We also show that the Octonions fit nicely into our theory.
We construct the unique two-parameter vertex algebra which is freely generated of type ${\mathcal W}(2,4,6,\dots)$, and generated by the weights $2$ and $4$ fields. Subject to some mild constraints, all vertex algebras of type ${\mathcal W}(2,4,\dots, 2N)$ for some $N$, can be obtained as quotients of this universal algebra. This includes the $B$ and $C$ type principal ${\mathcal W}$-algebras, the $\mathbb{Z}_2$-orbifolds of the $D$ type principal ${\mathcal W}$-algebras, and many others which arise as cosets of affine vertex algebras inside larger structures. As an application, we classify al…
M. Hennings and G. Kuperberg defined quantum invariants Z_{Henn} and Z_{Kup} of closed oriented 3-manifolds based on certain Hopf algebras, respectively. We prove that |Z_{Kup}|=|Z_{Henn}|^2 for lens spaces when both invariants are based on factorizable finite dimensional ribbon Hopf algebras.
This is the first of a series of papers devoted to certain pairs of commuting nilpotent elements in a semisimple Lie algebra that enjoy quite remarkable properties and which are expected to play a major role in Representation theory. The properties of these pairs and their role is similar to those of the principal nilpotents. To any principal nilpotent pair we associate a two-parameter analogue of the Kostant partition function, and propose the corresponding two-parameter analogue of the weight multiplicity formula. In a different direction, each principal nilpotent pair gives rise to a harmon…
Based on the Kazama-Suzuki type coset construction and its inverse coset between the subregular $\mathcal{W}$-algebras for $\mathfrak{sl}_n$ and the principal $\mathcal{W}$-superalgebras for $\mathfrak{sl}_{1|n}$, we prove weight-wise linear equivalences of their representation categories. Our main results are then improvements of these correspondences incorporating the monoidal structures. Firstly, in the rational case, we obtain the classification of simple modules and their fusion rules via simple current extensions from their Heisenberg cosets. Secondly, beyond the rational case, we use ce…
We study noncommutative principal bundles (Hopf-Galois extensions) in the context of coquasitriangular Hopf algebras and their monoidal category of comodule algebras. When the total space is quasi-commutative, and thus the base space subalgebra is central, we define the gauge group as the group of vertical automorphisms or equivalently as the group of equivariant algebra maps. We study Drinfeld twist (2-cocycle) deformations of Hopf-Galois extensions and show that the gauge group of the twisted extension is isomorphic to the gauge group of the initial extension. In particular, noncommutative p…
We prove the long-standing conjecture on the coset construction of the minimal series principal $W$-algebras of $ADE$ types in full generality. We do this by first establishing Feigin's conjecture on the coset realization of the universal principal $W$-algebras, which are not necessarily simple. As consequences, the unitarity of the "discrete series" of principal $W$-algebras is established, a second coset realization of rational and unitary $W$-algebras of type $A$ and $D$ are given and the rationality of Kazama-Suzuki coset vertex superalgebras is derived.
We prove Feigin-Frenkel type dualities between subregular W-algebras of type A, B and principal W-superalgebras of type $\mathfrak{sl}(1|n), \mathfrak{osp}(2|2n)$. The type A case proves a conjecture of Feigin and Semikhatov. Let $(\mathfrak{g}_1,\mathfrak{g}_2) = (\mathfrak{sl}_{n+1},\mathfrak{sl}(1|n+1))$ or $(\mathfrak{so}_{2n+1}, \mathfrak{osp}(2|2n))$ and let $r$ be the lacity of $\mathfrak{g}_1$. Let k be a complex number and $\ell$ defined by $r(k+h^\vee_1)(\ell+h^\vee_2)=1$ with $h^\vee_i$ the dual Coxeter numbers of the $\mathfrak g_i$. Our first main result is that the Heisenberg cos…
We define quantum lens spaces as `direct sums of line bundles' and exhibit them as `total spaces' of certain principal bundles over quantum projective spaces. For each of these quantum lens spaces we construct an analogue of the classical Gysin sequence in K-theory. We use the sequence to compute the K-theory of the quantum lens spaces, in particular to give explicit geometric representatives of their K-theory classes. These representatives are interpreted as `line bundles' over quantum lens spaces and generically define `torsion classes'. We work out explicit examples of these classes.
